Parapsoriasis

The term applied to a group of relatively uncommon inflammatory, maculopapular, scaly eruptions of unknown etiology and resistant to conventional treatment. Eruptions are both psoriatic and lichenoid in appearance, but the diseases are distinct from psoriasis, lichen planus, or other recognized dermatoses. Proposed nomenclature divides parapsoriasis into two distinct subgroups, PITYRIASIS LICHENOIDES and parapsoriasis en plaques (small- and large-plaque parapsoriasis).

Also Known As:

Networked: 88 relevant articles (4 outcomes, 2 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Psoriasis (Pustulosis Palmaris et Plantaris)
2.	Mycosis Fungoides
3.	Skin Diseases
4.	Lymphomatoid Papulosis
5.	Vitiligo

Experts

1.	Dréno, B: 3 articles (04/2014 - 05/2001)
2.	Quéreux, Gaëlle: 2 articles (04/2009 - 01/2007)
3.	Morrison, Carl: 2 articles (04/2008 - 12/2004)
4.	Bulbul Baskan, Emel: 1 article (07/2014)
5.	Aydogan, Kenan: 1 article (07/2014)
6.	Tilki Gunay, Isil: 1 article (07/2014)
7.	Balaban Adim, Saduman: 1 article (07/2014)
8.	Yazici, Serkan: 1 article (07/2014)
9.	Budak, Ferah: 1 article (07/2014)
10.	Saricaoglu, Hayriye: 1 article (07/2014)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Parapsoriasis:

1.	T-Cell Antigen Receptors (T-Cell Receptor)IBA 05/01/2001 - "TGGE analysis was also used in combination with clonality analysis by means of T-cell receptor gamma (TCRG) gene rearrangement studies to distinguish parapsoriasis en plaque and initial MF from patch/plaque stage MF. " 02/01/2000 - "Twelve patients with large plaque parapsoriasis (LPP) were investigated for the presence of predominant T-cell clones, analyzing the T-cell receptor (TCR) gamma-chain gene. " 01/01/2003 - "Analysis of T-cell receptor gamma gene rearrangements by PCR-Genescan and PCR-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in early-stage mycosis fungoides/large-plaque parapsoriasis." 11/01/1993 - "Southern blot analysis of immunoglobulin and T-cell antigen receptor gene rearrangements may fail to aid the clinician in establishing a diagnosis of a cutaneous malignancy due to the limits of detection sensitivity in minimally infiltrated lesions (eg, parapsoriasis and patch-stage mycosis fungoides) or the still uncertain prognostic significance of clonality in benign cutaneous diseases (eg, follicular mucinosis, pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta, lymphomatoid papulosis, and cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia). "
2.	Toll-Like Receptors (Toll-Like Receptor)IBA 11/01/2006 - "The aim of this work was to study Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2, 4 and 9 expression patterns in parapsoriasis and in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL): Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) at different stages of the illness. "
3.	Mechlorethamine (Nitrogen Mustard)FDA Link 02/01/2013 - "Nitrogen mustard should therefore still be considered as an important treatment modality in patients with early stages (parapsoriasis) and later stages of MF either as monotherapy or in combination with other topical or systemic therapies." 02/01/2013 - "A retrospective study of treatment response in 116 patients diagnosed with MF and 71 patients with parapsoriasis and treated with topical nitrogen mustard from 1991 to 2009. " 02/01/2013 - "To evaluate the response and side effects in patients with MF and parapsoriasis treated with topical nitrogen mustard. " 07/01/1950 - "(Nitrogen mustard and parapsoriasis en plaques)]." 02/01/2013 - "Topical nitrogen mustard therapy in patients with mycosis fungoides or parapsoriasis."
4.	AntigensIBA 05/15/1988 - "Our findings suggest that a cell-mediated immune response which is directed against antigens expressed by keratinocytes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of parapsoriasis en plaques." 01/01/2007 - "A disappearance of My7 antigen was noted in the 2 forms of parapsoriasis, more frequently when there was cutaneous T-cell lymphoma histology. " 03/01/1988 - "Poikilodermatous mycosis fungoides and atrophic large-plaque parapsoriasis exhibit similar abnormalities of T-cell antigen expression." 01/01/1985 - "HLA-DR-antigen bearing keratinocytes were not only found in lichen planus and mycosis fungoides, as it has been referred previously, but were also observed in some cases of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma, pseudolymphoma, lupus erythematosus, parapsoriasis en plaque, bullous pemphigoid, drug reaction, contact dermatitis, actinic keratosis and verrucous carcinoma. "
5.	AntibodiesIBA 10/01/1981 - "T cell nature of exocytic and dermal lymphoid cells in atrophic parapsoriasis demonstrated by monoclonal Leu 1 and affinity isolated antibodies." 07/01/2008 - "The skin biopsies of ten patients with mycosis fungoides and nine patients with parapsoriasis were analyzed using immunohistochemistry with a panel of different antibodies for T cell-associated markers (CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8 and γδ TCR). " 10/01/1981 - "Immunoperoxidase examination of serial sections of tissues from two cases of large plaque parapsoriasis with one T cell antiserum, two monoclonal T cell antibodies, and one monoclonal reagent directed against HLA DR indicated that T cells in the cutaneous infiltrates were also HLA DR-positive. " 08/01/1996 - "We used a panel of 21 anti-V beta antibodies and investigated 84 biopsies of 71 CTCL patients (4 parapsoriasis en grandes plaques (PA), 1 lymphomatoid papulosis, 29 mycosis fungoides (MF), 13 Sezary syndrome (SS), 1 CD8+ CTCL, 11 pleomorphic CTCL (PLEO), 12 CTCL nor classified). "
6.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)IBA 02/10/2002 - "From a panel of eleven CTA (MAGE-1, MAGE-C1, MAGE-3, BAGE, GAGE, SSX-1, SSX-2, SSX4, SCP-1, NY-ESO-1 and TS85) (HOM-Tes-85), mRNA expression could be detected for SCP-1 in 8/17 MF and 6/8 pleomorphic CTCL patients but was completely absent in small plaques parapsoriasis. " 05/01/2001 - "Despite similar expression of IL-15 mRNA, we found differences in IL-15 protein expression between normal human skin, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis on the one hand, and parapsoriasis and CTCL on the other. " 11/01/1994 - "Specifically, IL-5 mRNA was detected in skin biopsies from five of six tumor-stage CTCL, two of three plaque-stage CTCL, one of three patch-stage CTCL, and 1 of 3 parapsoriasis patients, whereas IL-4 mRNA was demonstrated to be present in five of six tumor-stage, one of three plaque stage, none of three patch-stage CTCL, and none of three parapsoriasis patients. " 11/01/1994 - "Although all skin specimens tested had detectable IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNA, only specimens from patients with CTCL or parapsoriasis had demonstrable IL-4 and/or IL-5 mRNA. " 05/01/2001 - "IL-15 mRNA and protein expression were examined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively, on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsies of normal human skin, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, parapsoriasis and CTCL. "
7.	Ficusin (Psoralen)IBA 06/01/2010 - "Large plaque parapsoriasis with the "deck-chair" sign successfully treated with bath psoralen and ultraviolet A therapy." 07/01/2005 - "Her large-plaque parapsoriasis had been treated with psoralen plus ultraviolet A for 10 years. " 03/01/2000 - "A 72-year-old woman had suffered from parapsoriasis en plaque (large plaque type) controlled by topically applied psoralen ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy. "
8.	Ergocalciferols (Ergocalciferol)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1951 - "The treatment of parapsoriasis with vitamin D2." 06/01/1950 - "Parapsoriasis treated with vitamin D2." 11/01/1948 - "Parapsoriasis en plaques treated with vitamin D2."
9.	Monoclonal AntibodiesIBA 01/01/1982 - "The lymphoid infiltrates of six patients with atrophic parapsoriasis were examined by the indirect immunoperoxidase technic using monoclonal antibodies (from two commercial sources) directed against "helper" and "suppressor" T cell subsets. " 07/01/1984 - "Skin lesions from 15 patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) and from three with parapsoriasis were studied immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies against T cells (Leu 1) and against T-cell subsets (Leu 2a, Leu 3a). " 11/01/1985 - "Altogether, 209 skin biopsies from 103 patients with mycosis fungoides (MF), large plaque parapsoriasis (LPP), and benign chronic dermatoses (BCD) have been examined immunohistologically with the use of a panel of 21 monoclonal antibodies against lymphoid cells and their subsets. "
10.	Telomerase (Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase)IBA 09/15/1999 - "It is interesting to note that even in the very early stages of CTCL such as parapsoriasis (which is a clinically benign disease) the changes already are present, indicating that a significantly high level of telomerase activity frequently occurs in CTCL and may be an important event in tumorigenesis. " 10/01/2001 - "Interestingly, increased telomerase activity and shortened telomere length was also detected in CD4+ T cells from patients with parapsoriasis indicating that alteration of telomerase activity and telomere length in CD4+ T cells is an early event in the pathogenesis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. " 10/01/2001 - "In order to determine which cell type has increased telomerase activity and shortened telomere length, CD4+, CD8+, CLA+ CD3+ and CLA- CD3+ T cells were isolated from peripheral blood of 25 patients, including 15 patients with mycosis fungoides and 10 patients with parapsoriasis. " 10/01/2001 - "Shortened telomere length is demonstrated in T-cell subsets together with a pronounced increased telomerase activity in CD4 positive T cells from blood of patients with mycosis fungoides and parapsoriasis."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Phototherapy (Light Therapy) 03/01/2013 - "We evaluated the efficacy of phototherapy in the treatment of parapsoriasis and its relation with TCCL. " 03/01/2013 - "Phototherapy is an excellent treatment for parapsoriasis, with high cure rates, regardless of the type of phototherapy employed. " 03/01/2013 - "Patients diagnosed with parapsoriasis and treated with phototherapy PUVA or UVB-NB were selected. " 03/01/2013 - "An evaluation of the treatment of parapsoriasis with phototherapy." 05/01/2006 - "To analyze the effects of NB-UVB phototherapy for small plaque parapsoriasis (SPP). "
2.	Photochemotherapy (Photodynamic Therapy) 01/01/1987 - "[Effect of photochemotherapy on immunological and morphological changes in scaly parapsoriasis]." 01/01/1986 - "[Photochemotherapy of parapsoriasis nodularis]." 01/01/1981 - "[Oral photochemotherapy in the treatment of parapsoriasis guttata (author's transl)]." 10/01/1985 - "Photochemotherapy in cutaneous T cell lymphoma and parapsoriasis en plaques. " 09/15/1982 - "Selective UV-Phototherapy with lambda 300-320 nm (SUP) as well as oral photochemotherapy with 8-methoxy-psoralene plus UVA-radiation (PUVA intern) are very effective in clearing the lesions of th generalized psoriasis and those of the chronic forms of parapsoriasis. "
3.	PUVA Therapy 10/01/2012 - "In conclusion, nbUVB may be a suitable alternative for patients with MF, small-plaque parapsoriasis and psoriasis who cannot access PUVA therapy." 03/01/2000 - "The parapsoriasis lesions gradually disappeared, but numerous tiny red papules with pruritus appeared over the forearms and lower legs 120 days after starting PUVA therapy. " 09/15/1982 - "The PUVA-therapy is mainly indicated in pustular, inverse and erythrodermic psoriasis as well as in parapsoriasis in plaques and variegata. " 03/01/2000 - "A 72-year-old woman had suffered from parapsoriasis en plaque (large plaque type) controlled by topically applied psoralen ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy. " 09/01/1990 - "A case of plaque stage mycosis fungoides and one of parapsoriasis en plaque were treated with topical PUVA therapy using a monofunctional furocoumarin derivative, 4,6,4'-trimethylangelicin (TMA). "
4.	Excimer Lasers 03/01/2006 - "Excimer-laser (308 nm) treatment of large plaque parapsoriasis and long-term follow-up."
5.	Climatotherapy 09/15/1968 - "[On the treatment of parapsoriasis and mycosis fungoides (results of the clinical climate therapy on the North Sea)]."