Paraphilic Disorders (Paraphilia)

Disorders that include recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors generally involving nonhuman objects, suffering of oneself or partners, or children or other nonconsenting partners. (from DSM-V)

Also Known As:

Networked: 129 relevant articles (15 outcomes, 12 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Paraphilic Disorders (Paraphilia)
2.	Pedophilia
3.	Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder
4.	Exhibitionism
5.	Mental Disorders (Mental Disorder)

Experts

1.	Bradford, John M W: 6 articles (01/2020 - 07/2003)
2.	Briken, Peer: 6 articles (01/2020 - 05/2002)
3.	Thibaut, Florence: 6 articles (01/2020 - 06/2010)
4.	Lim, Myung Ho: 3 articles (10/2019 - 09/2014)
5.	Berlin, Fred S: 3 articles (01/2011 - 01/2003)
6.	Saleh, Fabian M: 3 articles (11/2004 - 01/2003)
7.	Jeandarme, Inge: 2 articles (01/2022 - 01/2021)
8.	Cosyns, Paul: 2 articles (01/2020 - 06/2010)
9.	Sorrentino, Renee: 2 articles (04/2018 - 01/2012)
10.	Turner, Daniel: 2 articles (01/2018 - 11/2014)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Paraphilic Disorders:

1.	Androgen Antagonists (Antiandrogens)IBA 05/01/2013 - "Antiandrogen treatments seem to be effective in severe sex offenders with paraphilic disorders in order to reduce victimization. " 06/01/2014 - "The gold standard treatment of severe paraphilias in adult males is antiandrogen treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy. " 03/01/1991 - "The role of antiandrogen treatments of paraphilias among the mentally retarded population includes a consideration of informed consent and ethical aspects of treatment." 01/01/1986 - "The newest treatment of the paraphilias is with antiandrogen combined with counseling. " 02/01/1968 - "[Throughts and considerations on the treatment of sex deviation psychopaths with antiandrogens]."
2.	Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)FDA Link 08/01/2003 - "MEDLINE was searched for clinical trials, case-control studies, case reports, and other clinically and theoretically important literature published between 1980 and November 2002 on the treatment of paraphilia with LHRH agonists. " 01/01/2020 - "GnRH analogue treatment constitutes the most relevant treatment for patients with severe paraphilic disorders.Conclusions" 01/01/2018 - "Treatment of Paraphilic Disorders in Sexual Offenders or Men With a Risk of Sexual Offending With Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Agonists: An Updated Systematic Review. " 01/01/2018 - "LHRH agonists are a useful treatment when combined with psychotherapy in patients with a paraphilic disorder and the highest risk of sexual offending. " 01/01/2018 - "This systematic review considers all types of research on LHRH agonist treatment in patients with paraphilic disorders, thereby providing a complete overview of the current state of research. "
3.	Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)IBA 04/01/2002 - "This case adds to the limited literature on female pedophiles and suggests that SSRIs may be an effective treatment for paraphilic disorders in female sex offenders." 02/01/1999 - "Based primarily upon case reports as well as studies indicating the effectiveness of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of sexual paraphilias, it has been speculated that sexual paraphilias lie within the obsessive-compulsive spectrum. " 01/01/1996 - "Recent anecdotal studies have reported successful results with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the treatment of the paraphilic disorders. " 05/01/2013 - "SSRIs have been used in mild types of paraphilias and juvenile paraphilias. " 01/01/1998 - "Although only a single and uncontrolled observation, this case suggests that some adolescent sex offenders may in fact have paraphilias, and that paraphilias in adolescents, like those in adults, may respond to serotonin reuptake inhibitors."
4.	Cyproterone AcetateIBA 05/01/2011 - "Cyproterone acetate in paraphilia." 10/01/1993 - "Double-blind placebo crossover study of cyproterone acetate in the treatment of the paraphilias." 01/01/1974 - "[Treatment of sex deviations with cyproterone acetate]." 01/01/2017 - "Cyproterone acetate (CPA) is a steroidal anti-androgenic medication used in the field of psychiatry for the treatment of paraphilic disorders, hypersexuality, and inappropriate sexual behaviour which may be present in patients with disorders such as mild and major neurocognitive disorders. " 10/01/1993 - "Cyproterone acetate is a powerful antiandrogen used in the treatment of the paraphilias for at least a decade. "
5.	Testosterone (Sustanon)FDA Link 03/01/2008 - "Observational studies suggest that agents that lower testosterone are an effective treatment for paraphilia. " 11/01/2014 - "In addition to psychotherapeutic treatment, pharmacological agents aiming at a reduction of serum testosterone levels are used for hypersexual behaviors as well as paraphilic disorders. " 11/01/2011 - "The role of testosterone in sexuality and paraphilia--a neurobiological approach. " 11/01/2011 - "We discuss endocrinological, neurobiological, and therapeutic aspects of paraphilia with the aim of integrating these on the basis of the current neurobiological and clinical knowledge on testosterone that was set out in Part I of this review. " 11/01/2011 - "Part II: testosterone and paraphilia."
6.	Leuprolide (Lupron)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2004 - "This preliminary case series supports the conclusion that leuprolide deserves further examination as a potentially safe and effective component in the treatment of young adult patients with paraphilia." 09/10/2018 - "This study examined the clinical effects of leuprolide acetate in sexual offenders with paraphilic disorders evaluated by means of objective psychiatric assessment. " 12/01/2019 - "Results indicated that subjects receiving Lupron were at significantly higher risk of recidivism and significantly more likely to be diagnosed with a paraphilia than subjects receiving only CBT, a priori. " 10/20/2019 - "Leuprorelin has been used as one of the therapeutic methods for paraphilia. " 11/01/2004 - "Treatment of paraphilia in young adults with leuprolide acetate: a preliminary case report series."
7.	Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (Depo-Provera)FDA LinkGeneric 11/14/2023 - "Treatment of Paraphilic Disorder Using Medroxyprogesterone Acetate." 05/01/1993 - "There are no reports on the use of low-dose oral medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in the treatment of the paraphilias. " 05/01/1993 - "Low-dose oral medroxyprogesterone acetate in the management of the paraphilias." 01/01/1989 - "The paraphilias and Depo-Provera: some medical, ethical and legal considerations." 04/01/2017 - "The purpose of this case study was to analyze the effects of Prozac and Provera on an array of behaviors germane to the successful treatment of paraphilias, including: (a) sexual arousal in the laboratory and natural environment, (b) sexual thoughts (deviant and nondeviant) accompanied by arousal in the natural environment, and (c) overt actions in the community associated with increased risk of reoffending over a 31-month period for an exhibitionist with an intellectual disability. "
8.	Fluoxetine (Prozac)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1998 - "We therefore describe an adolescent sex offender who met DSM-IV criteria for multiple paraphilias (except for the age criterion), bipolar type II disorder, and OCD, whose paraphilic urges and behaviors, depression, and violent obsessions responded to open label fluoxetine after failing to respond to long-term residential treatment. " 01/01/1998 - "An adolescent male with multiple paraphilias successfully treated with fluoxetine." 04/01/1991 - "Three cases are presented in which fluoxetine was employed in the apparently successful treatment of paraphilia, a disorder which has been difficult to treat pharmacologically. " 04/01/1991 - "Three cases of paraphilias responsive to fluoxetine treatment." 10/01/1992 - "Fluoxetine treatment of nonparaphilic sexual addictions and paraphilias in men."
9.	Hormones (Hormone)IBA 05/01/1996 - "Gonadotrophin hormone releasing hormone agonist in cases of severe paraphilia: a lifetime treatment?" 06/01/1993 - "Effect of a long-lasting gonadotrophin hormone-releasing hormone agonist in six cases of severe male paraphilia." 01/01/1986 - "The treatment of paraphilia may combine an antiandrogenic hormone with sexological counseling." 06/01/2009 - "Many questions have been triggered by this case, mainly about whether this patient should be classified as a paraphilia (transvestite, transvestite with transsexual trend), primary transsexualism or autogynephilia and about the most adequate treatment (e.g., sex-reassignment surgery, hormone therapy as a way of partial feminisation or exclusively psychotherapy). " 02/01/2001 - "Further, there should be a specifier for paraphilias of "with hypersexuality" or "without hypersexuality." There is still incomplete understanding of the neurobiology of sexual disorders although functional neuroanatomy and neoropharmcological research has exposed the neurotransmitters, receptors, and hormones that are involved in sexual desire. "
10.	AndrogensIBA 11/01/2022 - "In conclusion, androgens represent a significant part of the pathophysiology of paraphilias and therefore, ADT seems promising. " 11/01/2022 - "The relationship between androgens, brain, sexual behaviour and pathophysiology of paraphilic disorders will also be explored. " 11/01/1996 - "Lastly the role of androgens in paraphilia and parapaphilia related disorders seems limited to the arousal of an abnormal sexual behaviour previously scheduled by non hormonal mechanisms. " 01/01/2021 - "The use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) shows promising results in the treatment of paraphilic disorders. " 11/01/2022 - "Androgens, brain and androgen deprivation therapy in paraphilic disorders: A narrative review."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 08/01/1985 - "As aversive therapies remain the standard behavioural therapy for sexual paraphilias, the finding of the present study that imaginal desensitization without traumatic imagery or aversive physical stimuli is at least as effective would seem to require urgent replication, if only on ethical grounds." 02/01/1983 - "[Indications for stereotaxic therapy in sex deviations]." 03/01/1980 - " Initial clinical experience with high-dosage CPA therapy for fertility inhibition was gained from patients with sex deviations. " 02/21/1969 - "[On the problem of neuroendocrine pathogenesis, prevention and therapy of congenital sex deviations]." 09/01/2018 - "In general, trainees and early-career specialists who had received sexual health training felt more confident in dealing with patients with gender dysphoria (P = .011), need for sexual therapy (P = .0004), paraphilic disorders (P = .0003), and sexual dysfunction (P = .0017). "
2.	Combined Modality Therapy 11/01/2004 - "Though there is no known cure for these conditions, paraphilias can be effectively managed using a multimodal treatment approach. "
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 04/16/2011 - "Current concepts in the pharmacotherapy of paraphilias." 08/01/2003 - "In addition to psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy is an important treatment option for paraphilias, especially in sexual offenders. " 09/01/2000 - "SSRI pharmacotherapy (mean +/- SD duration = 8.8+/-11.1 months) had statistically significant effects in diminishing paraphilia/PRD-related total sexual outlet (p < .001) and average time/day spent in paraphilia/PRD sexual behavior (p < .001). " 01/01/2000 - "Pharmacotherapy of paraphilias in the next millennium." 10/01/1998 - "The final focus of the article is on the etiologic theories of paraphilias and some practical advice for the pharmacotherapy and management of paraphilias."
4.	Castration 03/07/2020 - "In Europe, chemical castration has been adopted as a treatment for paraphilia since the 1930s. " 07/01/2007 - "Physical eunuchs had a nonsignificant tendency to have masochistic paraphilia involving genital mutilation in advance of their castration (P < 0.1). " 01/01/2007 - "This article compares the motivations for, and responses to, castration between two groups of males: prostate cancer patients and voluntary modern-day eunuchs with castration paraphilias or other emasculating obsessions. " 07/01/2007 - "Participants answered questionnaire items pertaining to their knowledge about androgen deprivation, the nature of their castration, and the length of time between initial presentation of castration paraphilia and castration. " 07/01/2003 - "This pilot study represents a case series of seven patients diagnosed with severe paraphilias and treated with CPA, leuprolide, or surgical castration. "
5.	Surgical Amputation (Amputations) 09/01/2005 - "The literature suggests that self-amputation is an outgrowth of either psychosis or paraphilia. " 06/01/2005 - "Desire for amputation of a limb: paraphilia, psychosis, or a new type of identity disorder." 06/01/2006 - "Similarities between the desire for limb amputation and nonhomosexual male-to-female (MtF) transsexualism include profound dissatisfaction with embodiment, related paraphilias from which the conditions plausibly derive (apotemnophilia and autogynephilia), sexual arousal from simulation of the sought-after status (pretending to be an amputee and transvestism), attraction to persons with the same body type one wants to acquire, and an elevated prevalence of other paraphilic interests. " 06/01/2006 - "Desire for amputation of a healthy limb has usually been regarded as a paraphilia (apotemnophilia), but some researchers propose that it may be a disorder of identity, similar to Gender Identity Disorder (GID) or transsexualism. "