Paranoid Disorders (Paranoia)

Chronic mental disorders in which there has been an insidious development of a permanent and unshakeable delusional system (persecutory delusions or delusions of jealousy), accompanied by preservation of clear and orderly thinking. Emotional responses and behavior are consistent with the delusional state.

Also Known As:

Networked: 243 relevant articles (6 outcomes, 14 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Brain Diseases (Brain Disorder)
2.	Cocaine-Related Disorders (Cocaine Addiction)
3.	Depressive Disorder (Melancholia)
4.	Major Depressive Disorder (Major Depressive Disorders)
5.	Borderline Personality Disorder (Personality Disorders, Borderline)

Experts

1.	Gelernter, Joel: 15 articles (06/2014 - 04/2002)
2.	Kranzler, Henry R: 11 articles (09/2011 - 07/2005)
3.	Cubells, Joseph F: 7 articles (09/2011 - 02/2003)
4.	Freeman, Daniel: 6 articles (12/2015 - 05/2005)
5.	Malison, Robert T: 6 articles (06/2014 - 02/2006)
6.	Farrer, Lindsay A: 6 articles (01/2013 - 10/2005)
7.	Kalayasiri, Rasmon: 5 articles (06/2014 - 02/2006)
8.	Brady, Kathleen: 5 articles (09/2011 - 07/2005)
9.	Murray, Robin M: 4 articles (11/2015 - 01/2013)
10.	Dunn, Graham: 4 articles (11/2015 - 05/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Paranoid Disorders:

1.	Cocaine (Cocaine HCl)IBA 05/01/2009 - "We investigated the association of these markers with CD and cocaine-induced paranoia (CIP) in the EA family sample first, and then replicated positive results in the other three samples. " 01/01/2014 - "The association of α-endomannosidase gene (MANEA) variants and cocaine-induced paranoia (CIP) was initially described in a study that used a whole-genome approach. " 01/01/2013 - "This study examined if environment (marriage) or genetics (a single SNP, CHRNA5*rs16969968) would moderate the correlation of personality with CD, ND and cocaine-induced paranoia (CIP) in African and European Americans (AAs, EAs). " 07/01/2012 - "Systematic review of studies found in PubMed database published until January 2011 where cocaine induced paranoia was present. " 07/01/2006 - "Preliminary observations of paranoia in a human laboratory study of cocaine."
2.	Antipsychotic Agents (Antipsychotics)IBA 11/01/1985 - "A single case experiment as suggested by Edgington (1980) was carried out to answer the difficult question whether the continuation of treatment with neuroleptics was appropriate for a patient who still suffered from paranoia after inpatient treatment and continuous two-year administration of neuroleptics thereafter. " 01/01/1982 - "Our findings suggest tht neuroleptics are unlikely to be the major cause of depressions in patients suffering from acute schizophrenic or paranoid psychoses." 01/01/1986 - "This provides preliminary evidence against efficacy of neuroleptics in cocaine abuse prevention, and suggests euphoria and paranoia may have discriminable neurophysiological substrates." 01/01/2004 - "Recently, atypical antipsychotics were as effective as monotherapy and as an augmenter to SSRIs in open-label/case studies and small double-blind, placebo-controlled trials; atypical antipsychotics should be considered in PTSD where paranoia or flashbacks are prominent and in potentiating SSRIs in refractory cases." 09/01/1996 - "The patient has been affected by paranoia schizophrenia since childhood, and he was treated with electroshock and successively with neuroleptics p.o. "
3.	Methamphetamine (Desoxyn)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2014 - "Among methamphetamine-dependent individuals, paranoia appears to occur increasingly rapidly in the course of a session of methamphetamine use. " 06/01/2014 - "Clinical features of methamphetamine-induced paranoia and preliminary genetic association with DBH-1021C→T in a Thai treatment cohort." 09/01/2012 - "The addition of regular cannabis and/or methamphetamine use substantially increases the likelihood of self-reported mental health problems, particularly with regard to paranoia, over regular ecstasy use alone. " 03/01/2010 - "To investigate this phenomenon, we created the Methamphetamine Experience Questionnaire (MEQ), and tested its reliability and validity in assessing MA-induced paranoia. " 03/01/2010 - "Paranoia in methamphetamine (MA) users is not well characterized or understood. "
4.	Phenelzine (Nardil)FDA Link 10/01/1981 - "On the the SCL-90 scales of hostility and paranoia imipramine was more effective; in some patients phenelzine was associated with increased hostility. " 07/01/1984 - "Phenelzine was superior to imipramine on the interpersonal sensitivity and paranoia factors of the 90-item Hopkins Symptom Checklist, with trends toward superiority on several other measures, while imipramine was not differentially superior on any measure. "
5.	Imipramine (Janimine)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1981 - "On the the SCL-90 scales of hostility and paranoia imipramine was more effective; in some patients phenelzine was associated with increased hostility. " 07/01/1984 - "Phenelzine was superior to imipramine on the interpersonal sensitivity and paranoia factors of the 90-item Hopkins Symptom Checklist, with trends toward superiority on several other measures, while imipramine was not differentially superior on any measure. "
6.	Citalopram (Escitalopram)FDA Link 02/01/2007 - "Limited change in anxiety, melancholia, helplessness, and paranoia during placebo treatment were the strongest predictors of improvement in depression while on escitalopram. "
7.	varenicline (Chantix)FDA Link 12/01/2008 - "Possible varenicline-induced paranoia and irritability in a patient with major depressive disorder, borderline personality disorder, and methamphetamine abuse in remission."
8.	CannabinoidsIBA 01/01/2015 - "Agitation, anxiety, paranoia, hypertension, and rarely myocardial infarction and renal failure are seen with synthetic cannabinoids. " 07/07/2001 - "In crossover trials, patients preferred cannabinoids for future chemotherapy cycles: 2.39 (2.05 to 2.78), NNT 3. Some potentially beneficial side effects occurred more often with cannabinoids: "high" 10.6 (6.86 to 16.5), NNT 3; sedation or drowsiness 1.66 (1.46 to 1.89), NNT 5; euphoria 12.5 (3.00 to 52.1), NNT 7. Harmful side effects also occurred more often with cannabinoids: dizziness 2.97 (2.31 to 3.83), NNT 3; dysphoria or depression 8.06 (3.38 to 19.2), NNT 8; hallucinations 6.10 (2.41 to 15.4), NNT 17; paranoia 8.58 (6.38 to 11.5), NNT 20; and arterial hypotension 2.23 (1.75 to 2.83), NNT 7. Patients given cannabinoids were more likely to withdraw due to side effects 4.67 (3.07 to 7.09), NNT 11. " 12/01/2011 - "The use of synthetic cannabinoids causes side effects that include: euphoria, dizziness, headache, thirst, paranoia, insomnia, fatigue and disturbed vision. " 12/01/2015 - "The possible therapeutic prospects of cannabinoids are corroborated by observational studies from different contexts documenting crack-cocaine users' 'self-medication' efforts towards coping with crack-cocaine-related problems, including withdrawal and craving, impulsivity and paranoia. "
9.	Biological Markers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 01/01/2006 - "Schizophrenia is an example of a complex mental disorder that relies on aberrant behavior such as auditory hallucinations, dampening of emotions, paranoia, etc. This research is an attempt to determine a biological marker for schizophrenia through the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). " 01/01/1983 - "With the help of inherited serum markers of the haptoglobin and the Gc system including quantitative studies of the ceruloplasmin and transferrin serum level, the combinations of diverse biological factors have been presented especially for cycloid psychoses, unsystematic schizophrenias, and paranoid psychoses with late onset and a cyclic axis syndrome. "
10.	Levodopa (L Dopa)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1999 - "This study reports on the clinical effectiveness of the combined use of conventional major tranquillisers and augmented levodopa dosage for the management of paranoia, hallucinations and confusion in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). " 02/01/2013 - "Although levodopa and dopaminergic drugs remain the mainstay of therapy for the motor symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD), they fail to address many of the non-motor symptoms of PD including orthostatic hypotension, freezing of gait (FOG) and difficulty with balance, drug-induced paranoia and hallucinations, and drug-induced dyskinesias. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Institutionalization (Institutionalized Persons) 01/01/1992 - "The best predictors of institutionalization were paranoia, aggressive behavior, and incontinence. " 09/01/1981 - "The authors suggest that progress in this fascinating and potentially fruitful area will be improved by: a) more critical evaluation of the current literature with regard to its contradictions and to the techniques and theories utilized; b) systematic study of carefully diagnosed, large groups of patients; c) concurrent attempts to identify and carefully assess unusual patients; d) control of laterality measures for drug effects, institutionalization, and such cognitive and affective states as anxiety, depression, paranoia, and psychosis; and e) validation of the localizing value of neuropsychological tests in psychiatric patients by the study of previously diagnosed psychiatric patients with acquired focal brain disease."
2.	Self Medication 12/01/2015 - "The possible therapeutic prospects of cannabinoids are corroborated by observational studies from different contexts documenting crack-cocaine users' 'self-medication' efforts towards coping with crack-cocaine-related problems, including withdrawal and craving, impulsivity and paranoia. "
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 06/10/1978 - "[Drug therapy of paranoid psychoses]." 06/01/2010 - "Nineteen days after starting chemotherapy, the patient displayed a sudden onset of slurred speech, confusion, cognitive disturbances and paranoia. " 01/01/1987 - "The discriminant analysis confirmed that between the clinical groups the mastectomised patients exhibited higher scores (compared to those receiving chemotherapy) along the scales Hypochondriasis, Paranoia, Psychaesthenia, Schizophrenia and Hypomania, the latter 4 scales constituting the psychotic tetrad." 01/01/2009 - "A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; C-1021T) in the DbetaH gene is relevant to paranoia associated with disulfiram pharmacotherapy for cocaine addiction. " 07/07/2001 - "In crossover trials, patients preferred cannabinoids for future chemotherapy cycles: 2.39 (2.05 to 2.78), NNT 3. Some potentially beneficial side effects occurred more often with cannabinoids: "high" 10.6 (6.86 to 16.5), NNT 3; sedation or drowsiness 1.66 (1.46 to 1.89), NNT 5; euphoria 12.5 (3.00 to 52.1), NNT 7. Harmful side effects also occurred more often with cannabinoids: dizziness 2.97 (2.31 to 3.83), NNT 3; dysphoria or depression 8.06 (3.38 to 19.2), NNT 8; hallucinations 6.10 (2.41 to 15.4), NNT 17; paranoia 8.58 (6.38 to 11.5), NNT 20; and arterial hypotension 2.23 (1.75 to 2.83), NNT 7. Patients given cannabinoids were more likely to withdraw due to side effects 4.67 (3.07 to 7.09), NNT 11. "
4.	Self Administration (Administration, Self) 06/01/2007 - "Results indicate that individuals homozygous for the 'very low-activity' T allele at DbetaH -1021C-->T show an increased propensity to paranoia over time during cocaine self-administration." 06/01/2007 - "Visual analog scale (VAS) ratings of paranoia were obtained in 31 cocaine users during three cocaine self-administration sessions (8, 16, and 32 mg/70 kg). " 02/01/2006 - "Self-reported paranoia during laboratory "binge" cocaine self-administration in humans." 06/01/2007 - "Dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene (DbetaH) -1021C-->T influences self-reported paranoia during cocaine self-administration."
5.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 09/01/1983 - "The paranoid disorders of five patients remitted after treatment with thymoleptic agents despite the absence of a full affective syndrome. " 04/01/1995 - "The first 2 patients at 2 mg/kg received two doses, but adverse experiences occurred in both; subsequent patient groups received single doses of 2.0, 1.75, or 1.5 mg/kg. Adverse experiences (agitation, hallucinations, confusion, paranoia, and delirium) occurred in all 6 patients treated with 2 mg/kg, and in 3 of 5 at 1.75 mg/kg. Similar but milder adverse experiences were noted in 4 of 7 patients at 1.5 mg/kg and 1 of 6 patients at 1.0 mg/kg. Adverse experiences began between 20 minutes and 22 hours (mean, 8 hours) after treatment and lasted 2 to 60 hours (mean, 24 hours). "