Paraldehyde

A hypnotic and sedative with anticonvulsant effects. However, because of the hazards associated with its administration, its tendency to react with plastic, and the risks associated with its deterioration, it has largely been superseded by other agents. It is still occasionally used to control status epilepticus resistant to conventional treatment. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p608-9)

Also Known As:

Networked: 99 relevant articles (4 outcomes, 6 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Appleton, Richard: 2 articles (10/2018 - 07/2008)
2.	Martland, Timothy: 2 articles (10/2018 - 07/2008)
3.	Kubová, Hana: 2 articles (01/2017 - 01/2005)
4.	Mares, P: 2 articles (01/2007 - 01/2000)
5.	Hall, Elizabeth A: 1 article (01/2020)
6.	Phelps, Stephanie J: 1 article (01/2020)
7.	Wheless, James W: 1 article (01/2020)
8.	Jannetto, Paul J: 1 article (03/2019)
9.	Langman, Loralie J: 1 article (03/2019)
10.	Sztajnkrycer, Matthew D: 1 article (03/2019)

Related Diseases

1.	Tonic-Clonic Epilepsy (Epilepsy, Tonic Clonic) 09/01/2009 - "This study provides unique evidence that rectal paraldehyde is effective and safe in treating acute prolonged tonic-clonic convulsions. " 09/01/2009 - "Review of the efficacy of rectal paraldehyde in the management of acute and prolonged tonic-clonic convulsions." 09/01/2009 - "Information was collected on each dose of paraldehyde used for the treatment of a tonic-clonic convulsion over 1 year. " 09/01/2009 - "The aim of this prospective audit was to assess the effectiveness and safety of rectal paraldehyde in the management of acute, including prolonged, tonic-clonic convulsions. " 09/01/2009 - "This would appear to confirm that paraldehyde should remain a treatment for the management of prolonged tonic-clonic convulsions, including convulsive status epilepticus."
2.	Seizures (Absence Seizure) 01/01/2005 - "During the subsequent 24 h, occasional clonic seizures occurred in P25 animals treated with the lower dose of paraldehyde. " 01/01/2005 - "Both tested doses of paraldehyde equally affected motor seizures. " 12/01/2001 - "The 20 infants with ongoing pervasive seizures were treated with intravenous paraldehyde." 01/01/2000 - "Seizures were interrupted after 2 hours by paraldehyde with an intraperitoneal dose of 0.3 or 0.6 mL/kg, respectively. " 12/01/2001 - "Pervasive seizures caused by hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: treatment with intravenous paraldehyde."
3.	Febrile Seizures (Febrile Seizure) 06/01/1993 - " Treatment of febrile convulsions depends upon a ready supply of quinine, chloramphenicol, and paraldehyde, a clean, well-lit treatment area for performing a lumbar puncture, and a standard treatment manual for gauging proper drug dosage. " 07/16/2008 - "Four trials involving 383 participants were included.(1) Intravenous lorazepam is as effective as intravenous diazepam in the treatment of acute tonic clonic convulsions, 19/27 (70%) versus 22/34 (65%), RR 1.09 (95% CI 0.77 to 1.54), has fewer adverse events and rectal lorazepam may be more effective than rectal diazepam, 6/6 versus 6/19 (31%), RR 3.17 (95% CI 1.63 to 6.14)(2) Buccal midazolam controlled seizures in 61/109 (56%) compared with 30/110 (27%) of rectal diazepam treated episodes with acute tonic-clonic convulsions, RR 2.05 ( 95% CI 1.45 to 2.91)(3) Intranasal midazolam is as effective as intravenous diazepam in the treatment of prolonged febrile convulsions, 23/26 (88%) versus 24/26 (92%), RR 0.96 (95% CI 0.8 to 1.14)(4) There is moderate evidence that intranasal lorazepam is more effective than intramuscular paraldehyde for acute tonic-clonic convulsions and patients treated with intranasal lorazepam are significantly less likely to require further anticonvulsants to control continuing seizures, 8/80 (10%) versus 21/80 (26%), RR 0.58 (95% CI 0.42 to 0.79). "
4.	Status Epilepticus (Complex Partial Status Epilepticus) 09/01/2009 - "Data were not included on patients treated with rectal paraldehyde for other seizure types or non-convulsive status epilepticus. " 01/01/2005 - "To test effects of paraldehyde on behavioral outcome of status epilepticus (SE) in developing rats. " 01/01/2005 - "Outcome of status epilepticus in immature rats varies according to the paraldehyde treatment." 01/01/1997 - "Paraldehyde in the management of simple partial status epilepticus." 07/01/1987 - "When rats were administered paraldehyde at this time, status epilepticus was rapidly terminated and all rats survived. "
5.	Hysteria 03/01/2012 - "At the Maudsley Hospital in London in 1940 barbiturate abreaction was advocated for quick relief from severe anxiety and hysteria, using i.v. anaesthetics: Somnifaine, paraldehyde, Sodium Amytal. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Anticonvulsants (Antiepileptic Drugs)
2.	Diazepam (Valium)
3.	Lorazepam (Ativan)
4.	Phenobarbital (Luminal)
5.	Phenytoin (Dilantin)
6.	Midazolam (Versed)
7.	Amobarbital (Amsal)
8.	barbituric acid (barbiturate)
9.	Ethylene Glycol (Monoethylene Glycol)
10.	Salicylates

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Contraindications
3.	Intravenous Administration
4.	Intra-Arterial Injections
5.	Injections