Paracoccidioidomycosis (South American Blastomycosis)

A mycosis affecting the skin, mucous membranes, lymph nodes, and internal organs. It is caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. It is also called paracoccidioidal granuloma. Superficial resemblance of P. brasiliensis to Blastomyces brasiliensis (BLASTOMYCES) may cause misdiagnosis.

Also Known As:

Networked: 468 relevant articles (33 outcomes, 47 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Histoplasmosis
2.	Blastomycosis
3.	Sporotrichosis
4.	Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
5.	Infection

Experts

1.	Restrepo, Angela: 14 articles (01/2013 - 02/2002)
2.	Calich, Vera L G: 13 articles (01/2015 - 05/2002)
3.	Travassos, Luiz R: 10 articles (10/2014 - 11/2002)
4.	Martinez, Roberto: 10 articles (01/2013 - 01/2003)
5.	Taborda, Carlos P: 9 articles (09/2015 - 04/2008)
6.	Benard, Gil: 9 articles (10/2014 - 05/2002)
7.	Goes, A M: 8 articles (08/2012 - 01/2004)
8.	Cano, Luz E: 8 articles (10/2011 - 04/2005)
9.	Camargo, Z P: 7 articles (03/2011 - 09/2001)
10.	de Camargo, Zoilo Pires: 6 articles (02/2015 - 12/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Paracoccidioidomycosis:

1.	Ketoconazole (Nizoral)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1980 - "The results indicate that ketoconazole is a safe and effective drug for therapy in the treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis." 04/01/1984 - "Paracoccidioidomycosis also responded well to ketoconazole therapy. " 01/01/1984 - "Chronic murine paracoccidioidomycosis: effect of ketoconazole on clearance of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and immune response." 01/24/1983 - "These findings indicate that ketoconazole therapy has improved the prognosis of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis." 05/01/1982 - "[Efficacy of ketoconazole in patients with recurrent paracoccidioidomycosis]."
2.	Itraconazole (Sporanox)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1992 - "A new orally absorbable triazole (Schering 39304) with a long serum half-life in man (60 hours), was tried in a murine model of progressive paracoccidioidomycosis and compared with itraconazole, another triazole which has proven effective in this mycosis. " 12/01/2007 - "In previous studies, itraconazole was revealed to be an effective therapy and was considered to be the gold standard treatment for mild-to-moderate acute and chronic clinical forms of paracoccidioidomycosis. " 01/01/1987 - "Although experience with itraconazole is still limited, results to date indicate that this new drug is safe and effective for the treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis. " 01/01/1990 - "The results of this study confirm the efficacy of itraconazole in the treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis." 10/01/1985 - "Itraconazole, from these studies, appears to have promise for the therapy of human paracoccidioidomycosis but possibly with a different formulation."
3.	Amphotericin B (Amphotericin)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1999 - "In this study, we treated four adults with the juvenile form of paracoccidioidomycosis with 3 mg/kg/day of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion for at least 28 days. " 01/01/2013 - "Amphotericin B, azole or sulfamide drugs are used for treatment of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis. " 05/01/1999 - "Failure of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion in the treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis." 01/01/1999 - "Patients with severe and complicated paracoccidioidomycosis are treated with amphotericin B by the intravenous route. " 09/01/1996 - "Case 2: a 57-year old male was admitted elsewhere 6 months ago and, with a radiologic diagnosis of pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis, was treated with amphotericin B. "
4.	AntigensIBA 01/01/2011 - "Dendritic cells transfected with scFv from Mab 7.B12 mimicking original antigen gp43 induces protection against experimental Paracoccidioidomycosis." 08/01/2005 - "There are some major histocompatibility complex antigen association studies with systemic paracoccidioidomycosis. " 08/01/1999 - "In this study the levels of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigens detected in the plasma of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis correlated with the suppression index detected by the low mitogenic response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to phytohaemaglutinin (PHA). " 07/01/1992 - "In the present study, we analyzed human antibody responses to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis cellular antigens by the immunoblot technique to identify specific cellular components and to investigate the existence of antigen profile differences among serological responses of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) patients. " 06/01/1991 - "In the present study we report the standardization of an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for detection of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis circulating antigens that could be useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of paracoccidioidomycosis. "
5.	Interleukin-10 (Interleukin 10)IBA 11/01/2006 - "Role of mast cells as IL10 producing cells in paracoccidioidomycosis skin lesions." 01/01/2005 - "The role of interleukin-10 in the differential expression of interleukin-12p70 and its beta2 receptor on patients with active or treated paracoccidioidomycosis and healthy infected subjects." 01/01/2013 - "In pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis IL-10 deficiency leads to increased immunity and regressive infection without enhancing tissue pathology." 01/01/2005 - "In conclusion, we have shown that paracoccidioidomycosis-related Th1 immunosuppression is associated with down-modulation of the IL-12 pathway, that IL-10 may participate in this process, and that patients cured from paracoccidioidomycosis may not fully recover their immune responsiveness." 11/01/2006 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of genotypes with the tumor necrosis factor-alpha TNF-alpha gene polymorphism G/A at position -308 and the IL-10 gene polymorphism G/A at position -1082, and to verify a possible association of these polymorphisms with paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. "
6.	Trimethoprim (Proloprim)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1977 - "The findings in a patient with paracoccidiodomycosis (South American blastomycosis) diagnosed by open-lung biopsy and treated successfully with a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole are reported, and the clinical spectrum of the disease is reviewed. " 07/01/2000 - "Following definitive diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis, he was treated initially with trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, but there was no clinical improvement. " 11/01/1989 - "The authors evaluated the relationships among renal function, acetylator phenotype and serum sulfadiazine levels in 22 patients with paracoccidioidomycosis treated with 1 tablet of cotrimazine (a combination of 820 mg sulfadiazine and 180 mg trimethoprim) administered orally every 12 hours. " 11/01/1989 - "Evaluation of acetylator phenotype, renal function and serum sulfadiazine levels in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis treated with cotrimazine (a combination of sulfadiazine and trimethoprim)." 03/01/2010 - "Combination of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim with the P10 peptide entrapped within PLGA demonstrated increased therapeutic efficacy against paracoccidioidomycosis. "
7.	SulfamethoxazoleFDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1977 - "The findings in a patient with paracoccidiodomycosis (South American blastomycosis) diagnosed by open-lung biopsy and treated successfully with a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole are reported, and the clinical spectrum of the disease is reviewed. " 07/01/2000 - "Following definitive diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis, he was treated initially with trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, but there was no clinical improvement. " 03/01/2010 - "Combination of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim with the P10 peptide entrapped within PLGA demonstrated increased therapeutic efficacy against paracoccidioidomycosis. " 03/01/2008 - "Experimental paracoccidioidomycosis: alternative therapy with ajoene, compound from Allium sativum, associated with sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim." 09/01/2003 - "Disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis: correlation between clinical and in vitro resistance to ketoconazole and trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole."
8.	voriconazole (Vfend)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2013 - "Efficacy of voriconazole in experimental rat paracoccidioidomycosis." 01/01/2013 - " the present study the antifungal activity of voriconazole and of other drugs was compared in a rat model of paracoccidioidomycosis. " 12/01/2010 - "Clinical assessment in this study found no evidence of an effect of voriconazole on long-term visual function in these adult patients with paracoccidioidomycosis." 12/01/2010 - "The goal of this study was to assess the long-term (ie, 6-12 months) visual safety of voriconazole in adult patients with paracoccidioidomycosis. " 12/01/2010 - "Long-term visual safety of voriconazole in adult patients with paracoccidioidomycosis."
9.	paracoccidioidinIBA 12/01/1983 - "These results indicate that the newer paracoccidioidin has advantages over the mycelial product as it detects a higher proportion of reactors and as such, may be helpful in studies aimed at defining areas of endemicity in countries where paracoccidioidomycosis is present." 12/01/1983 - "The yeast paracoccidioidin proved superior to the mycelial preparation (62.0 vs 24.1%) in patients with active paracoccidioidomycosis; however, in inactive cases, both preparations gave similar results. " 12/01/1983 - "A comparison of mycelial filtrate - and yeast lysate - paracoccidioidin in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis." 03/01/1951 - "[Pulmonary lesions in South American blastomycosis; preliminary investigation with paracoccidioidin]." 08/01/2013 - "Epidemiological studies of paracoccidioidomycosis have been based on surveys achieved with intradermal tests, and paracoccidioidin is the most common antigen used in most cases. "
10.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)IBA 02/01/2000 - "These observations suggest a complex role of TNF-alpha in experimental paracoccidioidomycosis of Syrian hamsters, involving not only resistance but also pathogenesis." 11/01/1991 - "Tumor necrosis factor in paracoccidioidomycosis patients." 11/01/2006 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of genotypes with the tumor necrosis factor-alpha TNF-alpha gene polymorphism G/A at position -308 and the IL-10 gene polymorphism G/A at position -1082, and to verify a possible association of these polymorphisms with paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. " 11/01/2006 - "These findings reinforce the critical role of IL-10 and TNF-alpha in the paracoccidioidomycosis and can strongly suggest that the genetic screening of the -308G/A and -1082G/A polymorphisms may be a valid tool for identification of subjects needing a more appropriate therapy." 11/01/2006 - "Interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha single nucleotide gene polymorphism frequency in paracoccidioidomycosis."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 03/01/2008 - "Reduction of fungal load is additive to chemotherapy and therefore the combined treatment is mostly effective against experimental paracoccidioidomycosis." 10/01/2008 - "Results recommend that a P10-based vaccine should be associated to chemotherapy for improved treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis aiming especially at anergic cases." 09/01/1957 - "[Chemotherapy of South American blastomycosis; in vitro study of 4 aromatic diamidines, 2 sulphamides, 1 sulfone & 1 antihistaminic; clinical study of diamidinodiphenylamine]." 08/01/2012 - "Protective effect of rPb40 as an adjuvant for chemotherapy in experimental paracoccidioidomycosis." 01/01/2011 - "Paracoccidioidomycosis, PCM, the major systemic mycosis in Latin America, is caused by the termally dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and requires extended periods of chemotherapy with a significant frequency of relapsing disease. "
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 03/01/1983 - "Pulmonary localization of paracoccidioidomycosis: lung function studies before and after treatment." 01/01/2014 - "Phenotypic and functional evaluations of peripheral blood monocytes from chronic-form paracoccidioidomycosis patients before and after treatment." 12/01/2009 - "This technique of real-time PCR is a sensitive method for rapid diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis and could serve to monitor patients after treatment has begun." 06/01/2000 - "Cellular immunity is usually suppressed during paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) and is restored after treatment. " 05/01/1993 - "Recovery of adrenal function after treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis."
3.	Immunomodulation 04/01/2013 - "Our work highlights the deleterious effect of excessive innate proinflammatory reactions and provides new evidence for the importance of immunomodulation during pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis." 01/01/2015 - "Pentoxifylline immunomodulation in the treatment of experimental chronic pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis." 10/01/2005 - "Adjuvant effect of synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides (CpG-ODN) from the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis gp43 gene on the Th2-Th1 immunomodulation of experimental paracoccidioidomycosis."
4.	Transplants (Transplant) 05/01/2015 - "A rare paracoccidioidomycosis diagnosis in a kidney transplant receptor: case report." 09/01/2004 - "Paracoccidioidomycosis is a common disease in Latin America but it is rare in organ transplant recipient patients. " 09/01/2004 - "Paracoccidioidomycosis in organ transplant recipient: case report."
5.	Oral Medicine 05/01/2005 - "The aim of the article was to describe clinical and epidemiological features of 61 oral paracoccidioidomycosis cases from the Stomatology Department of São Lucas Hospital, analyzed from July 1976 to June 2004. " 05/01/2005 - "[Clinical-epidemiologic profile of paracoccidioidomycosis at the Stomatology Department of São Lucas Hospital, Pontificia Universidade Católica of Rio Grande do Sul]." 11/01/2008 - "Patients from the Discipline of Stomatology, São José dos Campos Dental School, from the wards of Hosapital Heliópolis and from the dentistry outpatient clinic of the University Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School, with the following diseases, were selected: erythematous candidiasis (n=9), pseudomembranous candidiasis (n=10), squamous cell carcinoma (n=19), herpes simplex (n=8), paracoccidioidomycosis (n=8) and pemphigus vulgaris (n=1). "