Panophthalmitis

Acute suppurative inflammation of the inner eye with necrosis of the sclera (and sometimes the cornea) and extension of the inflammation into the orbit. Pain may be severe and the globe may rupture. In endophthalmitis the globe does not rupture.

Also Known As:

Networked: 85 relevant articles (1 outcomes, 0 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Endophthalmitis (Ophthalmia)
2.	Infections
3.	Abscess
4.	Orbital Cellulitis
5.	Necrosis

Experts

1.	Pappuru, Rajeev R: 2 articles (03/2022 - 01/2018)
2.	Sharma, Savitri: 2 articles (03/2022 - 01/2018)
3.	Gupta, A: 2 articles (01/2008 - 01/2000)
4.	Chaudhary, Meenu: 1 article (05/2022)
5.	Joshi, Sagun Narayan: 1 article (05/2022)
6.	Karki, Pratap: 1 article (05/2022)
7.	Kharel Sitaula, Ranju: 1 article (05/2022)
8.	Khatri, Anadi: 1 article (05/2022)
9.	Pandit, Kamal: 1 article (05/2022)
10.	Rai, Pravin: 1 article (05/2022)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Panophthalmitis:

1.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 08/01/2022 - "Magnetic resonance imaging of the orbit demonstrated focal heterogeneous lesions involving the anterior portion of the left ocular bulb and vitreous, suggesting panophthalmitis, which was unresponsive to intravitreal antibiotics. " 01/01/2016 - "The patient did not improve with antibiotics and developed panophthalmitis. " 04/01/2022 - "The patient was treated for RE panophthalmitis with a lung abscess and was started on systemic and topical antibiotics. " 01/01/2013 - "To describe the findings and clinical course of a case of Listeria endophthalmitis as it progressed to panophthalmitis despite vitrectomy and intravitreal and systemic antibiotic therapy. " 01/01/2010 - "Despite the culture-demonstrated sensitivity of this organism to the antibiotics given intravitreally, systemically, and topically to treat this infection, her condition deteriorated, and she developed panophthalmitis, orbital cellulitis, a corneal ulcer, and eventual no light perception vision. "
2.	Retinaldehyde (Retinal)IBA 01/01/1970 - "[Mycotic panophthalmitis following retinal surgery]." 10/28/2022 - "A B-scan ultrasound revealed panophthalmitis and a retinal abscess. " 02/15/1982 - "Other findings included retinal separation, panophthalmitis, and glaucoma. " 05/01/2022 - "At the ocular level, these microorganisms produce irreversible damage which includes keratitis, uveitis, hypopyon, vitreous abscesses, retinal necrosis, detachment, and, finally, panophthalmitis. " 06/15/1993 - "Unlike cytomegalovirus retinitis, progressive outer retinal necrosis, and syphilitic retinitis, however, toxoplasmosis can cause a progressive intraocular infection, panophthalmitis, and orbital cellulitis in patients with AIDS."
3.	Capsules (Microcapsules)IBA 08/01/1984 - "The reactive membrane on a posterior chamber lens implant removed from an eye with postoperative proteus mirabilis panophthalmitis was found to be based on a continuous proteinaceous capsule exhibiting only very few fibroblast-like cells. " 01/01/1903 - "A case of acute panophthalmitis following discission of the capsule." 03/01/2021 - "Histopathologic findings included retinal detachment, hyphema, cataract, granulomatous to pyogranulomatous inflammation (uveitis, endophthalmitis, panophthalmitis), lens capsule rupture, suppurative phakitis, scleral perforation, stromal keratitis, breaks in Descemet's membrane, preiridal fibrovascular membrane, anterior and posterior synechia, Schnabel's cavernous atrophy, and periorbital fibrosis. " 09/01/1985 - "A very well-preserved capsule-like proteinaceous film continuously covering a Copeland lens implant in a late stage of alpha streptococcus panophthalmitis exhibits neutrophils and fibrin as well as massive pus on its outer surface. " 03/01/2018 - "Histology of both revealed panophthalmitis with presence of significant intraocular hemorrhage, multifocal fungal granulomas, retinal and optic nerve changes consistent with secondary glaucoma, rupture of the anterior lens capsule, and fungal invasion and colonization of the intralenticular space. "
4.	SteroidsIBA 05/01/1993 - "A man with systemic lupus erythematosus receiving chronic steroid therapy presented with headache, fever and panophthalmitis. " 01/01/2018 - "Intravenous antibiotics and systemic steroids should be considered in all cases of endophthalmitis that progress to panophthalmitis." 05/01/1988 - "We report an infant with meningococcal septicaemia and meningitis who had panophthalmitis at presentation that was unresponsive to standard systemic antibiotic treatment but which responded to topical steroid and mydriatic treatment. "
5.	Streptomycin (Streptomycin Sulfate)FDA Link 06/01/1947 - "Panophthalmitis in a premature infant treated by streptomycin." 06/01/1947 - "PANOPHTHALMITIS IN A PREMATURE INFANT TREATED BY STREPTOMYCIN."
6.	Oxygen (Dioxygen)IBA 01/01/1976 - "The use of hyperbaric oxygen is not indicated in cases of gas gangrene panophthalmitis. " 02/01/1971 - "Gas gangrene panophthalmitis treated with hyperbaric oxygen."
7.	Methamphetamine (Desoxyn)FDA LinkGeneric 03/05/2021 - "cereus panophthalmitis secondary to intravenous methamphetamine use is presented, where delayed dermis fat graft placement following enucleation and orbital washout provided an excellent functional and cosmetic outcome." 01/01/2023 - "A spectrum of ophthalmic sequelae is associated with methamphetamine use and includes episcleritis, scleritis, corneal ulceration, panophthalmitis, endophthalmitis, retinal vasculitis, and retinopathy. "
8.	Amphotericin B (Amphotericin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2008 - "Patients with panophthalmitis were eviscerated and rest received intravitreal amphotericin B. " 01/01/2000 - "One patient with panophthalmitis was treated with intravenous amphotericin B. "
9.	AcidsIBA 03/01/2022 - "To report a retrospective series of three cases of infectious panophthalmitis post-dengue fever with ex vivo confirmation of dengue virusribonucleic acid (RNA) in the tissues of the eye. " 08/01/1994 - "The affected eye became amaurotic, but the panophthalmitis was controlled by minimal surgical debridement and systemic antibiotic therapy with penicillin, fucidic acid and metronidazole. "
10.	Voriconazole (Vfend)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2006 - "Severe Candida albicans panophthalmitis treated with all available and potentially effective antifungal drugs: fluconazole, liposomal amphotericin B, caspofungin, and voriconazole."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Corneal Transplantation (Keratoplasty) 01/01/1992 - "Keratoplasty, done immediately, prevented panophthalmitis and cured the patient. " 02/01/2009 - "All patients had a poor visual outcome with one requiring evisceration because of panophthalmitis, whereas three underwent therapeutic keratoplasty. "
2.	Therapeutics 11/19/2014 - "Ophthalmologists and physicians should be aware of the extension risk of a fungal panophthalmitis, but also to potentially serious side effects related to systemic therapy." 04/01/2012 - "Aside from one case, which worsened to panophthalmitis, the others responded to anti-TB therapy very well. " 01/01/2020 - "Antitubercular therapy (ATT) was initiated despite which it progressed to scleral abscess and panophthalmitis. " 10/01/2018 - "Despite maximum medical therapy, the ulcer progressed very rapidly and the patient developed panophthalmitis and evisceration of the eye had to be done. " 10/01/2004 - "We would like to emphasize that in all susceptible individuals presenting with clinical suspicion of ocular tuberculosis it would be prudent to start early anti-tubercular therapy to prevent progression to panophthalmitis. "
3.	Orbital Implants 04/01/2023 - "Antimicrobial-eluting cement orbital implant: a case report of staged enucleation for infectious panophthalmitis with extraocular extension." 06/01/2018 - "Orbital implant exposure after Acanthamoeba panophthalmitis." 01/01/2015 - "Our data suggest that evisceration with primary orbital implant is a feasible option in fulminant endophthalmitis/panophthalmitis and provides a good postoperative cosmetic outcome to the anophthalmic socket at an economical cost." 01/01/2015 - "Evisceration with Primary Orbital Implant in Fulminant Endophthalmitis/Panophthalmitis." 05/01/2005 - "A prevalent conception exists that a two-stage operation (i.e., primary enucleation or evisceration with delayed secondary orbital implant insertion) is necessary when enucleation is required for recalcitrant endophthalmitis or panophthalmitis. "
4.	Vitrectomy 04/01/1998 - "One eye was lost to panophthalmitis 11 days after the vitrectomy; the remaining 18 eyes showed a favourable outcome. " 01/01/2013 - "To describe the findings and clinical course of a case of Listeria endophthalmitis as it progressed to panophthalmitis despite vitrectomy and intravitreal and systemic antibiotic therapy. " 01/01/1999 - "Surgery in 18/19 eyes included vitrectomy with intraocular antibiotic injections for endophthalmitis (14 eyes), evisceration for panophthalmitis (2 eyes), and cataract extraction for traumatic cataract (2 eyes). "
5.	Cataract Extraction 07/15/1922 - "RECOVERY OF VISION AFTER INCIPIENT PANOPHTHALMITIS FOLLOWING CATARACT EXTRACTION." 01/01/1999 - "Surgery in 18/19 eyes included vitrectomy with intraocular antibiotic injections for endophthalmitis (14 eyes), evisceration for panophthalmitis (2 eyes), and cataract extraction for traumatic cataract (2 eyes). " 02/01/1953 - "Effect of sulfonamides and antibiotics on panophthalmitis complicating cataract extraction."