Pancreatic Cyst

A true cyst of the PANCREAS, distinguished from the much more common PANCREATIC PSEUDOCYST by possessing a lining of mucous EPITHELIUM. Pancreatic cysts are categorized as congenital, retention, neoplastic, parasitic, enterogenous, or dermoid. Congenital cysts occur more frequently as solitary cysts but may be multiple. Retention cysts are gross enlargements of PANCREATIC DUCTS secondary to ductal obstruction. (From Bockus Gastroenterology, 4th ed, p4145)

Also Known As:

Networked: 235 relevant articles (2 outcomes, 26 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Abdominal Pain (Pain, Abdominal)
2.	Pancreatic Cyst
3.	Cysts
4.	Hemangioblastoma
5.	Pheochromocytoma

Experts

1.	Hruban, Ralph H: 9 articles (05/2015 - 01/2011)
2.	Schmidt, C Max: 6 articles (10/2014 - 02/2008)
3.	Lee, Linda S: 6 articles (09/2014 - 01/2012)
4.	Sherman, Stuart: 6 articles (06/2014 - 02/2008)
5.	DeWitt, John: 6 articles (01/2014 - 02/2008)
6.	Brugge, William R: 5 articles (01/2016 - 05/2009)
7.	Banks, Peter A: 5 articles (05/2014 - 01/2012)
8.	Matthaei, Hanno: 5 articles (03/2014 - 01/2011)
9.	Park, Walter G: 4 articles (06/2015 - 01/2012)
10.	Goggins, Michael: 4 articles (05/2015 - 02/2008)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Pancreatic Cyst:

1.	Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol)IBA 05/01/2015 - "We undertook a meta-analysis and systematic review to assess the overall safety and efficacy of EUS-guided ethanol ablation of pancreatic cysts. " 05/01/2015 - "Data was extracted from seven studies (n = 152) of EUS-guided ethanol ablation of pancreatic cysts, which met the inclusion criteria. " 10/01/2010 - "In a previously reported trial, we found that CT scanning documented pancreatic cyst resolution in 12 patients (33%) after one (n = 6) or two (n = 6) ethanol lavages. " 10/01/2010 - "This study involved 12 patients with 1-to-5-cm, unilocular, pancreatic cysts that had previously resolved after ethanol lavage. " 05/01/2015 - "EUS-guided ethanol ablation may be a safe alternative treatment modality for pancreatic cysts, with acceptable intraprocedural and postprocedural complications. "
2.	AmylasesFDA Link 10/01/2009 - "442 pancreatic cyst fluids were tested for CEA, CA19-9, and amylase. " 03/01/1968 - "[Blood amylase in patients with pancreatic cyst]." 06/01/2008 - "Subsequently, the patient's abdominal pain improved, the pancreatic cyst disappeared, and the serum amylase level normalized. " 12/01/2014 - "Cyst fluid amylase and CEA levels in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cysts: a single-center experience with histologically proven cysts." 12/01/2011 - "Elevated cyst fluid CEA is usually indicative of a mucinous pancreatic cyst but whether CEA or amylase values can subclassify various mucinous cysts is unknown. "
3.	Carcinoembryonic AntigenIBA 01/01/2016 - "The aim of this study was to assess the impact of NGS on the clinical diagnosis from imaging and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and thus the management of pancreatic cysts. " 09/01/2012 - "The aim of our study was to assess the diagnostic utility of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and K-ras gene mutation in pancreatic cysts fluid. " 12/01/2015 - "Suboptimal accuracy of carcinoembryonic antigen in differentiation of mucinous and nonmucinous pancreatic cysts: results of a large multicenter study." 10/01/2015 - "The aim of this review is to assess the role and advances of EUS-FNA in pancreatic cyst fluid analysis, specifically in terms of fluid cytology, viscosity, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) analysis. " 10/01/2015 - "Role of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology, viscosity, and carcinoembryonic antigen in pancreatic cyst fluid."
4.	Biological Markers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 09/01/2014 - "Incremental improvements in pancreatic cyst diagnosis have occurred with new biomarkers and endoscopic tools requiring validation in large-scale studies." 08/01/2013 - "In this small single-center study, miRs are potential pancreatic cyst fluid diagnostic biomarkers. " 05/06/2011 - "Results from this study indicate that proteomic analysis of cyst fluid could provide reliable candidates for developing new biomarkers for the preoperative management of malignant and premalignant pancreatic cysts." 08/15/2015 - "Thus, it is necessary to develop novel biomarkers for the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cysts. " 08/15/2015 - "Discovery and Validation of Biomarkers That Distinguish Mucinous and Nonmucinous Pancreatic Cysts."
5.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 03/01/2014 - "Our aims were to assess accuracy of DNA analysis in detecting malignant pancreatic cysts at EUS-FNA and to determine whether DNA analysis added to imaging and cyst fluid studies enhanced International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) guidelines for resection of pancreatic cysts. " 03/01/2014 - "Commercial DNA analysis does not add useful information beyond imaging and cytology for detection of malignant pancreatic cysts. " 03/01/2014 - "This is a retrospective study including pancreatic cysts undergoing EUS-FNA and DNA analysis with k-ras and loss of heterozygosity testing. " 03/01/2014 - "Utility of commercial DNA analysis in detecting malignancy within pancreatic cysts." 01/01/2014 - "Performance characteristics of molecular (DNA) analysis for the diagnosis of mucinous pancreatic cysts."
6.	SecretinFDA Link 04/01/2015 - "All studies were reviewed prospectively by two independent readers who recorded the presence and number of pancreatic cysts, the presence of visualized ductal communication before and after secretin, and the degree of confidence in the diagnoses. " 04/01/2015 - "Of 202 individuals enrolled (mean age 56 years, 46% males), 93 (46%) had pancreatic cysts detected by MRCP, and 64 of the 93 had pre-and post-secretin MRCP images available for comparison. " 04/01/2015 - "Incremental value of secretin-enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in detecting ductal communication in a population with high prevalence of small pancreatic cysts." 07/01/2013 - "Mutant GNAS detected in duodenal collections of secretin-stimulated pancreatic juice indicates the presence or emergence of pancreatic cysts." 04/01/1993 - "These results indicate that secretin stimulation provides useful information in the diagnosis of the etiology of pancreatic cyst by endoscopic ultrasonography."
7.	Biological Tumor Markers (Tumor Markers)IBA 10/01/2009 - "The purpose of this study was to: (1) identify the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasound findings, serum, and cyst fluid tumor markers (CA19-9 and CEA), (2) determine the rate of subsequent surgical resection in patients initially managed conservatively, and (3) determine the role of cyst fluid viscosity "string sign" in differentiating pancreatic cysts. " 10/01/2009 - "The study goals were development of reference intervals and an interpretive algorithm for pancreatic cyst fluid tumor markers. " 10/01/2009 - "Pancreatic cyst fluid tumor markers supplement other diagnostic measures. " 06/01/2015 - "Analysis of cyst size and tumor markers in the management of pancreatic cysts: support for the original Sendai criteria." 08/01/2000 - "When a unilocular pancreatic cyst is found, without history of pancreatitis and gallstones, having low serum tumor markers levels and negativity of CA 72-4 and MCA in the cyst fluid, the diagnosis of the macrocystic variant of the serous cystadenoma may be suggested. "
8.	Glycoproteins (Glycoprotein)IBA 01/03/2014 - "Characterization of glycoproteins in pancreatic cyst fluid using a high-performance multiple lectin affinity chromatography platform." 02/01/1994 - "To define additional markers that might be useful in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cysts, the authors measured the tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72) in aspirates from 19 pancreatic cystic lesions. " 01/01/2014 - "This study was undertaken to determine whether cyst fluid mucin glycoprotein analysis could differentiate mucinous from non-mucinous pancreatic cysts. " 07/01/2012 - "Glycomic and proteomic profiling of pancreatic cyst fluids identifies hyperfucosylated lactosamines on the N-linked glycans of overexpressed glycoproteins." 01/03/2014 - "In this study, we characterized glycoproteins and nonglycoproteins on pooled mucinous (n = 10) and nonmucinous (n = 10) pancreatic cyst fluid to identify "proteins of interest" to differentiate between mucinous cyst from nonmucinous cyst and investigate these proteins as potential biomarker targets. "
9.	Retinaldehyde (Retinal)IBA 01/01/2009 - "The present report concerns a 16-year-old girl with VHL (retinal, spinal cord and cerebellar haemangioblastomas and pancreatic cysts), her father (retinal and spinal cord haemangioblastomas) and the phenotypically healthy mother and younger brother and sister. " 03/01/2004 - "The major clinical manifestations include retinal angiomas, central nervous system hemangioblastomas, pheopleochromocytoma, pancreatic cysts, epididymal cystoadenomas and renal lesions. " 07/01/2000 - "She also had bilateral retinal haemangioblastoma, left renal carcinoma, renal and pancreatic cysts without phaeochromocytoma. " 12/01/2007 - "There were 2 patients who developed renal and pancreatic cysts, 3 patients retinal hemangioblastoma, and 2 others epididymic cysts. " 03/01/2004 - "The patient showed retinal angiomatosis, cerebellar hemangioblastomas, multiple pancreatic cysts, right kidney with polycystic features plus two RCC. "
10.	MucinsIBA 05/01/2007 - "With pancreatic cyst fluid analysis, the strongest predictor of mucinous neoplasia is the presence of identifiable mucin, followed by a CEA level greater than 300 ng/mL. The workup of cystic lesions of the pancreas should include chemical analysis for the CEA level and cytological examination with particular attention to extracellular mucin." 03/01/1997 - "The author performed a new operative procedure in 2 patients with mucin-producing pancreatic cysts that included total resection of the head of the pancreas with careful regard to its vasculature. " 03/01/2014 - "Incipient intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are poorly described subcentimeter pancreatic cysts with papillae and mucin similar to IPMNs. " 10/01/2013 - "Malignant transformation of pancreatic cysts into mucin-producing adenocarcinoma in US adults is a very rare event. " 10/01/2013 - "Therefore, the prevalence rate of mucin-producing adenocarcinoma arising in patients with pancreatic cysts was 33.2 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval (CI): 21.9-44.5). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Laparotomy 01/08/1982 - "Laparotomy with removal of the pancreatic cysts and abdominal drainage led to complete recovery. " 01/01/2012 - "The patient underwent cystojejunostomy, laparotomy and distal pancreatectomy consecutively because of the initial diagnosis of "pancreatic cyst". " 02/01/2009 - "CASE 2: A 45 year old man who underwent laparotomy four years ago for hepatic hydatid cyst was admitted with recurrent liver and peritoneal hydatid disease associated with a head pancreatic cyst of 4 cm in size. " 02/01/2009 - "CASE 1: A 49 year old woman with a history of laparotomy for liver and peritoneal hydatid cyst was admitted with recurrent liver and peritoneal hydatid disease associated with a head pancreatic cyst of 3 cm in size. " 06/01/1987 - "Laparotomy demonstrated an irregular black pancreatic cyst, and histological examination showed atypical spindle shaped cells with brown to black pigmentation, compatible with malignant melanoma. "
2.	Lasers (Laser) 05/01/2015 - "Diagnosis of pancreatic cysts: EUS-guided, through-the-needle confocal laser-induced endomicroscopy and cystoscopy trial: DETECT study." 01/01/2015 - "Novel diagnostic approach to pancreatic cysts: is confocal laser endomicroscopy bridging the gap?" 12/01/2011 - "Gene expression profiling of pancreatic cyst fluid and confocal laser endomicroscopic examination of pancreatic cysts are novel techniques currently being studied." 08/01/2007 - "Pancreatic cyst fluid samples from patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and non-carcinoma cystic lesions were analysed on hydrophobic protein chip arrays by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS). "
3.	Pancreatectomy 04/01/2014 - "Laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy in a solitary true pancreatic cyst." 01/01/2009 - "We present a case of pancreatic cyst with no typical features of pseudocyst in the medical interview, treated by Child's subtotal pancreatectomy by reason of the high risk of neoplasia suggested by radiological and endoscopic examinations." 03/01/2006 - "Total excision with distal pancreatectomy and splenic preservation are advised for distal pancreatic cysts." 10/01/1999 - "Two patients required distal pancreatectomy because of their pancreatic pathology, 2 cystgastrostomies for persistence of the pseudocyst, and 1 external drainage of an infected pancreatic cyst. " 01/01/1997 - "In the absence of pancreatic cyst, mass, or localized ductal abnormality, total pancreatectomy is the only treatment that can completely remove the risk of malignant degeneration of apparently benign, mucus-secreting pancreatic ductal enlargement. "
4.	Stents 05/01/2014 - "We evaluated the frequency and effectiveness of endoscopic (biliary or pancreatic sphincterotomy, biliary or pancreatic stent placement) and surgical (pancreatic cyst removal, pancreatic drainage procedure, pancreatic resection, surgical sphincterotomy) therapies. " 01/01/2008 - "For localizing diagnosis of these small and multiple pancreatic cysts, we placed an endoscopic pancreatic stent (EPS), and MDCT with injection of CO2 via EPS was examined for the virtual CO2 pancreatography, consisting of OsiriX software system employing 3D virtual anatomic reconstruction with CO2 gas as a negative contrast agent. " 04/01/1996 - "Of the two unsuccessful insertions, one proceeded to longitudinal pancreato-jejunostomy and in the other a stent was inserted at distal pancreatic cyst-jejunostomy. " 01/01/2014 - "Massive pneumoperitoneum during endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of a pancreatic cyst lesion, treated with an enteral self-expanding metal stent and paracentesis." 03/01/1990 - "The authors also worked out recommendations for a choice of instruments for prolonged external transcutaneous drainage of pancreatic cysts and abscesses, cleansing of the cavity and its sclerosing, inoperative cystogastrostomy between a cyst and a stomach stent."
5.	Jejunostomy 12/01/2003 - "Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y pancreatic cyst-jejunostomy." 07/01/1998 - "The pancreatic cyst was drained by means of a mesocolic Roux-loop cysto-jejunostomy." 11/01/1955 - "[Cysto-jejunostomy on a Y defunctionalized loop for pseudo-pancreatic cyst; technic of intracystic tampons]." 04/01/1996 - "Of the two unsuccessful insertions, one proceeded to longitudinal pancreato-jejunostomy and in the other a stent was inserted at distal pancreatic cyst-jejunostomy. " 08/01/2001 - "The operations included 53 colon and/or small bowel resections (54.1%), 24 fundoplications (24.5%), 12 gastric resections (12.2%), 3 splenectomies, 2 pancreatectomies, 1 adrenalectomy, 1 bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy, 1 pancreatic cyst-jejunostomy, and 1 vagotomy with gastrojejunostomy. "