Sympathetic Ophthalmia (Sympathetic Uveitis)

Granulomatous uveitis which follows in one eye after a penetrating injury to the other eye; the secondarily affected eye is called the sympathizing eye, and the injured eye is called the exciting or activating eye.

Also Known As:

Networked: 191 relevant articles (14 outcomes, 11 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)
2.	Intermediate Uveitis (Chronic Cyclitis)
3.	Retinal Vasculitis
4.	Panuveitis
5.	Body Weight (Weight, Body)

Experts

1.	Rao, Narsing A: 4 articles (05/2012 - 08/2002)
2.	Jonas, J B: 3 articles (09/2008 - 01/2000)
3.	Mahajan, Vinit B: 2 articles (01/2015 - 03/2009)
4.	Goldstein, Debra A: 2 articles (02/2014 - 03/2009)
5.	Chan, Chi-Chao: 2 articles (01/2014 - 09/2011)
6.	Cassoux, Nathalie: 2 articles (08/2012 - 03/2011)
7.	Bodaghi, Bahram: 2 articles (08/2012 - 03/2011)
8.	Kaneko, Yutaka: 2 articles (05/2012 - 01/2012)
9.	Lopez, Juan S: 2 articles (03/2011 - 03/2009)
10.	Ramamurthi, Saraswathi: 2 articles (01/2011 - 10/2008)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Sympathetic Ophthalmia:

1.	Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)FDA Link 06/01/1951 - "Sympathetic ophthalmia treated successfully with ACTH." 02/01/1956 - "[New case of sympathetic ophthalmia cured with ACTH]." 01/01/1951 - "ACTH in the treatment of sympathetic ophthalmia." 06/01/1956 - "Sympathetic ophthalmia cured by cortisone and ACTH." 01/01/1960 - "Sympathetic Ophthalmia: A Case Treated by Prolonged Use of Corticotropin and Adrenal Steroids."
2.	Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1992 - "The results suggest that cyclosporine therapy is useful in the treatment of sympathetic ophthalmia and in high-risk corneal transplantation." 02/01/1998 - "Cyclosporine-induced resolution of choroidal neovascularization associated with sympathetic ophthalmia." 10/01/1992 - "The majority of these patients have manifested a positive therapeutic response to Cyclosporine, in particular patients suffering from vasculitis, panuveitis and sympathetic ophthalmia. " 10/01/1992 - "Eighteen patients with severe, progressive nonmicrobial inflammatory ophthalmic disease (including five with intermediate uveitis, four with sympathetic ophthalmia and three with serpiginous choroiditis) that had not responded to conventional therapy were treated with cyclosporine. " 01/01/1990 - "During treatment with cyclosporin A (low dose, 5 mg/kg of body weight per day), 14 of 17 patients (9 with intermediate uveitis, 6 with retinal vasculitis, 1 with sympathetic ophthalmia, 1 with panuveitis) showed improved results; in 2 cases the findings remained stationary and only 1 case had low-grade deterioration. "
3.	CortisoneIBA 09/01/1957 - "Sympathetic ophthalmia controlled by continuous cortisone therapy over a four-year period." 08/01/1955 - "Topical use of cortisone in sympathetic ophthalmia; four-year observation of a successfully treated case." 06/01/1952 - "Sympathetic ophthalmia treated with cortisone." 06/01/1956 - "Sympathetic ophthalmia cured by cortisone and ACTH." 01/01/1952 - "[Cortisone, ACTH and animal experiment in sympathetic ophthalmia]."
4.	infliximab (Remicade)FDA Link 04/01/2011 - "Efficacy of infliximab therapy in two patients with sympathetic ophthalmia." 01/01/2012 - "A clinical case of a postoperative sympathetic ophthalmia is presented and its response to the monoclonal antibody infliximab. " 01/01/2012 - "Postsurgical sympathetic ophthalmia refractory to treatment: the response to infliximab." 02/01/2011 - "Successful treatment of refractory sympathetic ophthalmia in a child with infliximab." 01/01/2011 - "Challenges of managing sympathetic ophthalmia in a young child and the role of infliximab."
5.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 11/01/1950 - "[Case report of sympathetic ophthalmia cured by antibiotics combined with sulfidin]." 08/15/1956 - "[2 Cases of sympathetic ophthalmia cured with cortisone, hydrocortisone and broad spectrum antibiotics]."
6.	Triamcinolone Acetonide (Azmacort)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2005 - "In this study, short-term improvement in the clinical picture of a patient with sympathetic ophthalmia after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection was described. " 06/01/2006 - "Repeated intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for chronic sympathetic ophthalmia." 07/01/2005 - "The results suggest that intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection may be an additional tool in the treatment of sympathetic ophthalmia." 07/01/2005 - "To report the result of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of sympathetic ophthalmia. " 07/01/2005 - "Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in sympathetic ophthalmia."
7.	Chlorambucil (Leukeran)FDA Link 02/01/2014 - "To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of short-term, high-dose chlorambucil therapy in achieving long-term, drug-free remission in the treatment of sympathetic ophthalmia (SO). " 02/01/2014 - "Long-term, drug-free remission of sympathetic ophthalmia with high-dose, short-term chlorambucil therapy." 04/01/1995 - "Chlorambucil therapy in sympathetic ophthalmia." 06/01/1990 - "Although 30- and 40-year follow-ups and larger numbers of patients may be necessary fully to realise the risks of chlorambucil, we believe that our high-dose, short-term regimen (Behçet's disease: average duration, 23 weeks; average total dose 2.2 g; sympathetic ophthalmia: average duration, 11 weeks; total average dose, 0.9 g) may be safer than previously reported chlorambucil regimens of one to two years or longer. " 06/01/1990 - "We treated five patients with intractable sympathetic ophthalmia and six patients with severe Behçet's disease by high-dose, short-term chlorambucil therapy. "
8.	Penicillins (Penicillin)FDA Link 02/01/1956 - "[A case of sympathetic ophthalmia cured by penicillin therapy]." 01/01/1952 - "[Treatment of sympathetic ophthalmia with penicillin]."
9.	Prednisone (Sone)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2012 - "The use of the immunosuppressive drug infliximab in combination with prednisone improved the prognosis of a patient suffering from sympathetic ophthalmia. "
10.	Hydrocortisone (Cortisol)FDA LinkGeneric 08/15/1956 - "[2 Cases of sympathetic ophthalmia cured with cortisone, hydrocortisone and broad spectrum antibiotics]."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Corneal Transplantation (Keratoplasty) 01/01/2012 - "A case of sympathetic uveitis after a tectonic corneal-scleral keratoplasty because of a fungal keratitis is reported. " 10/01/1992 - "The results suggest that cyclosporine therapy is useful in the treatment of sympathetic ophthalmia and in high-risk corneal transplantation." 04/01/1980 - "At the Department of Ophthalmology of the Univeristy of Zurich, cytostatic drugs have been used since 1962 for the treatment of various eye conditions: 16 keratoplasties, 11 cases of degenerative or proliferative eye disease, six cases of retinal vasculitis and 147 of uveitis (sympathetic ophthalmia, Behcet, chronic cyclitis, rheumatoid infantile uveitis etc. After a few rather unsatisfactory trials with methotrexate and azathioprine, a routine therapy combining cyclophosphamide and procarbazine was established. "
2.	Plasmapheresis 03/01/1991 - "The hemo- and hydrodynamic parameters of the eye improved; all these results evidence that exchange plasmapheresis is an effective method in the treatment of sympathetic ophthalmia." 03/01/1991 - "Exchange plasmapheresis was used in correction of the immune homeostasis in 5 patients with sympathetic ophthalmia. " 10/01/1989 - "The three patients in Group B (with iritis, sympathetic ophthalmia, and intermediate uveitis) received bromocriptine in addition to cyclosporin A after plasmapheresis. "
3.	Immunotherapy 09/01/1998 - "The present case report demonstrates that a delayed onset of sympathetic ophthalmia 50 years after initial trauma may occur but can be controlled by an immediate, high dose immunotherapy."
4.	Semiconductor Lasers 08/01/2014 - "Sympathetic ophthalmia after diode laser cyclophotocoagulation: now an issue in informed consent." 08/01/2014 - "Sympathetic ophthalmia following diode laser cyclophotocoagulation." 11/01/2013 - "To report the incidence and risk factors for hypotony and estimate the risk of sympathetic ophthalmia following diode laser trans-scleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC). " 08/01/2014 - "Six patients were diagnosed with sympathetic ophthalmia following treatment with diode laser CPC, an incidence of 0.001% during the study period. " 08/01/2014 - "Several cases of sympathetic ophthalmia have been reported after non-penetrating cyclodestructive procedures including Nd:YAG and diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (CPC) but information on inciting factors and outcome is limited. "
5.	Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) 09/01/2012 - "The purpose of this study is to report a case of sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) in an HIV-infected patient on treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) 9 years after a penetrating eye injury. "