Oligospermia (Oligozoospermia)

A condition of suboptimal concentration of SPERMATOZOA in the ejaculated SEMEN to ensure successful FERTILIZATION of an OVUM. In humans, oligospermia is defined as a sperm count below 20 million per milliliter semen.

Also Known As:

Networked: 917 relevant articles (30 outcomes, 110 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Asthenozoospermia
2.	Azoospermia
3.	Male Infertility (Male Sterility)
4.	Varicocele
5.	Hyperprolactinemia

Experts

1.	Zhang, Wei: 8 articles (10/2012 - 01/2006)
2.	Yang, Yuan: 7 articles (07/2010 - 10/2004)
3.	Foresta, Carlo: 6 articles (11/2015 - 02/2002)
4.	Garolla, Andrea: 6 articles (11/2015 - 02/2002)
5.	Xia, Yankai: 6 articles (09/2015 - 09/2008)
6.	Ferlin, Alberto: 5 articles (11/2015 - 02/2002)
7.	Wang, Xinru: 5 articles (09/2015 - 09/2008)
8.	Zhang, Sizhong: 5 articles (07/2010 - 10/2004)
9.	Niederberger, Craig: 4 articles (06/2015 - 11/2005)
10.	Yao, Bing: 4 articles (08/2012 - 01/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Oligospermia:

1.	Testosterone (Sustanon)FDA Link 12/01/2010 - "In a subsequent reversibility study, intact male dogs exhibited decreased LH, testosterone, and FSH, which exhibited recovery by 2 weeks post-dosing; however, seminiferous tubule degeneration and oligospermia did not exhibit recovery by 2 weeks post-dosing. " 03/01/2000 - "Though supraphysiological doses testosterone (T) and its derivatives are known to suppress spermatogenesis in mammals by interfering with the hypothalamus-pituitary axis leading to oligozoospermia, no study has been performed to evaluate the integrity of the sperm cells produced by such individuals. " 06/01/1995 - "To determine the ability of spermatozoa to bind to the zona pellucida (ZP) in testosterone-induced oligozoospermia, previously fertile men participating in the World Heath Organization (WHO) male contraceptive trial in Melbourne were studied while oligozoospermic to various degrees. " 06/01/1995 - "Ability of spermatozoa to bind to the zona pellucida during oligozoospermia induced with testosterone during a male contraceptive trial." 04/01/2013 - "Several evaluations of the proband over 20 years showed preserved testosterone levels and LH secretion but deteriorating oligospermia. "
2.	TamoxifenFDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1981 - "This study of the effects of long-term tamoxifen administration on semen analysis of oligospermic males confirms the potential therapeutic efficacy in normogonadotrophic oligospermia. " 02/01/1992 - "There is no conclusive evidence of the usefulness of tamoxifen in the treatment of idiopathic oligozoospermia (OAT-syndrome), as it has been used mostly in uncontrolled studies. " 02/01/1992 - "Treatment of idiopathic oligozoospermia with tamoxifen--a randomized controlled study." 12/01/1988 - "Three months of tamoxifen treatment of 43 men with idiopathic oligozoospermia, out of which 20 completed the study, resulted in a significant enhancement of sperm motility, but the improvement of sperm parameters was in no relation to the FSH response to short time tamoxifen treatment. " 09/01/1985 - "Open and double-blind therapeutic studies were carried out on the effects of tamoxifen in oligozoospermia. "
3.	Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)FDA Link 05/01/1997 - "These findings indicate that the semen quality of dogs with oligozoospermia can be temporarily improved between 2 and 4 weeks after a single injection of GnRH-A or hCG and the fertility of the dogs restored by the injection." 02/01/1988 - "This study investigated the stimulatory potential of a superactive gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue in idiopathic oligozoospermia. " 08/01/1994 - "Leydig cell function was investigated in 71 men with idiopathic oligospermia and compared to 14 fertile controls by assessing the steroidogenic response to GnRH and the repetitive administration of hCG (1500 IU x3). " 10/01/1989 - "Attempts to treat idiopathic oligozoospermia by altering LHRH pulse frequency is therefore unlikely to yield any clinical benefit." 08/01/1989 - "Pulsatile LHRH therapy in patients with oligozoospermia and disturbed LH pulsatility."
4.	Kallikreins (Kallikrein)IBA 03/01/1984 - "In a controlled double blind trial the effectiveness and tolerability of Kallikrein in patients suffering from astheno-oligozoospermia was examined in comparison to placebo. " 06/01/1987 - "A single-blind study on the effects of kallikrein in idiopathic oligozoospermia was carried out. " 06/01/1987 - "Effects of kallikrein on the male reproductive system and its use in the treatment of idiopathic oligozoospermia with impaired motility." 11/01/1983 - "The effectiveness of various forms of endocrine treatment for idiopathic oligozoospermia and the action of kallikrein on sperm parameters were evaluated in a retrospective study including 321 individuals with normogonadotropic idiopathic oligozoospermia (sperm count less than 20 Mio/ml). " 03/01/1979 - "Treatment of idiopathic oligozoospermia by kallikrein: results of a double-blind study."
5.	Clomiphene (Clomifene)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/1988 - "This study evaluated LH pulsatility in patients with idiopathic normogonadotropic oligospermia (INO) and normal men before and after clomiphene citrate (CC) administration. " 11/01/2005 - "Clomiphene citrate is a well-established agent that has been empirically used in cases of idiopathic oligospermia. " 05/01/1996 - "The reported response of sperm count to clomiphene citrate therapy in subfertile males with idiopathic oligozoospermia has been widely variable. " 05/01/1996 - "Hormonal evaluation in idiopathic oligozoospermia: correlation with response to clomiphene citrate therapy and sperm motility." 06/01/1992 - "Development of Leydig cell tumour in association with clomiphene treatment for oligozoospermia."
6.	ProlactinIBA 07/01/1979 - "Seminal fluid prolactin: studies in normal subjects and in hypergonadotropic oligospermia." 03/01/1994 - "The serum concentration of prolactin should be estimated in all oligospermic patients who exhibit no obvious cause of the oligospermia. " 07/01/1984 - "All of them presented with high circulating levels of prolactin, and eight of the patients had oligozoospermia (range 0-10 X 10(6) spermatozoa/ml). " 08/01/1981 - "[Value of prolactin determination in oligozoospermia]." 10/01/1985 - "To assess the effect of serum prolactin (PRL) on the fertilization and cleavage of oocytes, its secretion patterns in normoprolactinemic women (28 cases, 35 cycles) who had undergone IVF-ET because of bilateral tubal occlusion and/or severe oligospermia, and the relationship between its levels and the fertilization and cleavage rate were studied. "
7.	mecobalamin (methylcobalamin)IBA 01/01/1987 - "From these results, it was concluded that a long-term, high dose treatment of CH3-B12 was useful for the treatment of patients with oligozoospermia. " 06/01/1988 - "[Clinical efficacy of mecobalamin in the treatment of oligozoospermia--results of double-blind comparative clinical study]." 01/01/1987 - "[Studies on the usefulness of a long-term, high-dose treatment of methylcobalamin in patients with oligozoospermia]." 04/01/1988 - "These results suggest that CH3-B12 is a candidate drug for oligozoospermia." 04/01/1988 - "Based on these findings, rats with testicular dysfunction induced by the treatment with ADR at a daily dose of 0.25 mg/kg, three times a week for 5 weeks were prepared to investigate the effects of CH3-B12 on oligozoospermia. "
8.	Estradiol (Estrace)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/1996 - "It was shown that patients with oligozoospermia who do not react with an increase of spermatozoa during the longterm antioestrogen treatment had higher response of oestradiol in the dynamic test (+ 118.9%) than the normospermic males (+ 60.8%) or the oligozoospermic who showed positive semenologic response to the treatment (+ 58.8%). " 02/01/1991 - "In oligozoospermia, with high values of E2/T ratio, it is considered that the role of estradiol is suppressive to spermatogenesis. " 12/20/1992 - "[Studies on the production rate of estradiol in the testis in male infertility--studies of the predictive values on therapeutic efficacy in patients with oligozoospermia]." 02/01/1996 - "The evaluation was made of the response to testosterone and oestradiol in the test (50 mg twice daily for 10 days) and HCG test (6000 units of Biogonadyl through 2 days) performed on 21 normospermic (fertile) males and on patients with normogonadotropic, idiopathic oligozoospermia, positively (12 patients) or negatively (24 males) reacting to the longterm Clostilbegyt treatment (50 mg daily for 240 days). " 03/01/1991 - "The seminal levels of estrone (E1), estrone sulphate (E1S), and estradiol-17 beta (E2) were measured simultaneously after a chromatographic step in the semen samples of 79 men, including fertile volunteers, vasectomized subjects, and patients with oligozoospermia and secretory azoospermia. "
9.	Testolactone (Teslac)FDA Link 05/01/1981 - "These data suggest that Teslac may be an effective treatment for men with idiopathic oligospermia. " 05/01/1989 - "Subjects (n = 25) with infertility due to unexplained oligozoospermia were given testolactone (2 g/day) or placebo for 8 months followed by crossover to the other treatment for an additional 8 months. " 01/01/1988 - "Tamoxifen and testolactone in therapy of oligozoospermia: results of a randomized study." 07/01/1987 - "In a pilot study, 13 subfertile men with idiopathic normogonadotropic oligozoospermia were treated by the aromatase inhibitor testolactone for a period of 6 months. " 07/01/1987 - "[Long-term therapy of oligozoospermia with the aromatase inhibitor testolactone]."
10.	testosterone enanthate (Delatestryl)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1992 - "Residual sperm function in oligozoospermia induced by testosterone enanthate administered as a potential steroid male contraceptive." 07/01/1997 - "Comparison between testosterone enanthate-induced azoospermia and oligozoospermia in a male contraceptive study. " 03/01/1996 - "Comparison between testosterone enanthate-induced azoospermia and oligozoospermia in a male contraceptive study. " 03/01/1996 - "Comparison between testosterone enanthate-induced azoospermia and oligozoospermia in a male contraceptive study. " 07/01/1993 - "Comparison between testosterone enanthate-induced azoospermia and oligozoospermia in a male contraceptive study. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Ligation 07/01/1968 - "Ligature of left spermatic vein in the treatment of oligospermia." 02/01/2012 - "To investigate the possibility of applying multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to the detection of azoospermia factor (AZF) microdeletion on the Y chromosome in infertile men with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia. " 02/01/2012 - "[Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification for detecting AZF microdeletions on the Y chromosome in infertile men with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia]." 09/01/1995 - "Drugs are ineffective for idiopathic oligozoospermia, while the role of varicocele ligation is uncertain, but marginal at best. " 11/01/1994 - "We reviewed the records of 81 consecutive subfertile men with oligospermia and/or asthenospermia, treated for varicocele with either percutaneous embolization or surgical ligation between 1987 and 1991, and compared the outcomes and costs of the two procedures. "
2.	Contraception (Birth Control) 04/01/1989 - "These findings demonstrated an antifertility action of MPA and T enanthate on the functional capacity of residual spermatozoa and support the view that extreme oligozoospermia may be a tenable target for reversible steroid male contraception." 08/01/1988 - "These findings suggest that male contraception may be achievable by reduction of spermatogenesis to severe oligozoospermia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)" 12/01/1995 - " Two landmark World Health Organization male contraceptive efficacy studies found that a prototype androgen-alone regimen can induce azoospermia and oligospermia to levels that provide effective, reliable, and reversible contraception with acceptable levels of minor side effects. " 07/01/2007 - "Male contraception has focused, to a great extent, on approaches that induce azoospermia or severe oligospermia through accelerated germ cell apoptosis. " 05/16/2006 - "Hormonal contraception for men interrupts this physiological axis by various means of gonadotrophin suppression; this interferes with spermatogonial differentiation and meiosis entry resulting in reversible azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia in virtually all men. "
3.	Vasectomy (Vas Occlusion) 07/19/2004 - "The predictive value of a single severely oligozoospermia sample at 12 weeks for vasectomy success at the end of the study was 99.7%. " 12/01/2012 - "A man with severe oligospermia after vasectomy could make his wife pregnant." 12/01/2012 - "To analyze the risk of pregnancy in the woman whose husband has severe oligospermia after vasectomy. " 12/01/2012 - "[Pregnancy by a man with severe oligospermia after vasectomy: a case report]." 10/27/2004 - "The two outcome measures for the analyses presented here are (a) time to success, defined as severe oligozoospermia, or <100,000 sperm/mL in two consecutive semen analyses; and (b) early vasectomy failure, defined as >10 million sperm/mL at week 12 or later. "
4.	Injections 02/01/2003 - "During the suppression phase, an initial loading dose of 1000 mg TU, followed by 500 TU at monthly intervals were given until azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia was achieved, up to a maximum of six injections. " 04/01/1996 - "Suppression of spermatogenesis to azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia (< or = 3 x 10(6)/mL) induced by weekly T enanthate injections results in sustained, reversible contraception with good efficacy and minimal short-term side effects. " 05/01/2003 - "In this study we characterized an animal model, in which four daily injections of DBCP produced prolonged oligospermia in LBNF(1) rats without any indication of recovery. " 05/01/1995 - " Testosterone enanthate demonstrated its potential application as a hormonal method of contraception for men, but the frequent injections required over the course of 3-4 months to achieve oligozoospermia are impractical. " 09/01/2008 - "A nested case-control study was conducted, involving 43 subjects, who did not achieve azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia when given monthly injections of 500 mg testosterone undecanoate (TU), defined as partial suppressors compared with 855 subjects who had suppressed spermatogenesis (complete suppressors). "
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 11/15/1998 - "However, basal and stimulated FSH levels were outside the +2 standard deviation range in 37.5% and 83.3% of patients receiving 2 cycles of OEPA and 2 cycles of COPP chemotherapy, and in 36.4% and 66.7% of patients receiving 2 cycles of OEPA and 4 cycles of COPP chemotherapy, demonstrating a high risk of oligospermia or azoospermia with these regimens. " 07/01/1998 - "Before chemotherapy, 2 patients (12%) had azoospermia, 9 (53%) had oligospermia, and 6 (35%) had normospermia. " 09/01/1991 - "In Group II, (16 adults undergoing chemotherapy) 100% of men had oligospermia, with 75% of them developing azoospermia after 2-3 cycles of treatment. " 03/01/1989 - "Oligospermia after chemotherapy was seen in seven of 10 tested males, and azoospermia in one case.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)" 01/01/1989 - "Four of our patients with oligozoospermia had received chemotherapy for testicular cancer. "