Morbid Obesity

The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.

Also Known As:

Networked: 3049 relevant articles (250 outcomes, 217 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Weight Loss (Weight Reduction)
2.	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (MODY)
3.	Obesity
4.	Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD)
5.	Body Weight (Weight, Body)

Experts

1.	Nguyen, Ninh T: 28 articles (05/2015 - 09/2003)
2.	Rosenthal, Raul J: 23 articles (04/2014 - 09/2004)
3.	Szomstein, Samuel: 23 articles (04/2014 - 01/2004)
4.	Lee, Wei-Jei: 17 articles (11/2013 - 11/2002)
5.	Csendes, Attila: 15 articles (06/2012 - 03/2004)
6.	Sarr, Michael G: 12 articles (09/2014 - 02/2003)
7.	le Roux, Carel W: 11 articles (01/2015 - 09/2009)
8.	Gagner, Michel: 11 articles (11/2011 - 02/2002)
9.	Bouillot, Jean-Luc: 10 articles (08/2015 - 06/2005)
10.	Faintuch, Joel: 10 articles (10/2013 - 04/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Morbid Obesity:

1.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 12/01/2006 - "Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) is an effective treatment for morbid obesity in younger patients, leading to improvements in related co-morbidities and quality of life. " 01/01/2000 - "Permanently effective treatment of morbid obesity is necessary to prevent the development of co-morbidities and to improve the life expectancy of these patients. " 01/01/2011 - "The LDS procedure is a safe and effective treatment for morbid obesity and its associated co-morbidity in selected patients." 07/01/2011 - "However, additional studies are needed to evaluate the comparative efficacy of SG and RYGB for the treatment of morbid obesity and its co-morbidities." 10/01/2004 - "To accurately determine metabolic behavior and avoid drawing conclusions that are not very significant, these studies should be carried out on obese animals and focus on the co-morbidities associated with morbid obesity."
2.	Insulin (Novolin)FDA Link 03/01/2012 - "In this study, we investigate whether there are differences in the RORγ1 and PPARγ2 expression in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) from morbid obesity (MO) individuals either insulin resistant (high-IR MO) or insulin sensitivity (low-IR MO). " 09/01/2010 - "In this study, we systematically studied differences in adipose tissue biology between insulin-sensitive (IS) and insulin-resistant (IR) individuals with morbid obesity. " 01/01/2014 - "MicroRNA-125a-3p expression in abdominal adipose tissues is associated with insulin signalling gene expressions in morbid obesity: observations in Taiwanese." 04/01/2013 - "Insulin action in morbid obesity: a focus on muscle and adipose tissue." 07/01/2012 - "These results show that morbid obesity is characterized by circulating immune cells that are activated and insulin resistant, with the T-cell balance polarized towards a pro-inflammatory Th1 phenotype. "
3.	SiliconesIBA 07/01/2005 - "Adjustable silicone gastric banding is an effective and safe treatment for morbid obesity. " 01/01/1998 - "The purpose of this study was to determine prospectively the safety and efficacy of an adjustable silicone gastric band and reservoir system for the treatment of morbid obesity. " 10/01/2002 - "Many short-term follow-up reports on the efficacy of the adjustable silicone gastric band (ASGB) and its modification for laparoscopic insertion (Lap-Band) for the surgical treatment of morbid obesity have been reported in the surgical literature. " 10/01/2002 - "Long-term data indicate a progressive loss in efficacy of adjustable silicone gastric banding for the surgical treatment of morbid obesity." 01/01/2001 - "The aim of this study was to analyse radiological findings in patients surgically treated for adjustable silicone gastric banding (ASGB) for morbid obesity complicated by band penetration into the gastric lumen. "
4.	Glucose (Dextrose)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2013 - "In morbid obesity, glucose production by the liver is increased. " 12/01/2009 - "Gene expression of paired abdominal adipose AQP7 and liver AQP9 in patients with morbid obesity: relationship with glucose abnormalities." 08/01/2009 - "Rates of glucose uptake in adipose tissue and muscle in vivo after a mixed meal in women with morbid obesity." 04/01/2009 - "Subjects with morbid obesity, newly detected high BP, or fasting glucose were excluded. " 09/01/2008 - "Association of impaired glucose metabolism in morbid obesity with hypoadiponectinaemia."
5.	Warfarin (Coumadin)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1983 - "Patients with morbid obesity are shown to have decreased activity and decreased concentration of antithrombin (AT) III. This deficit can be corrected by giving the patients low doses of the oral anticoagulant warfarin. " 11/01/1997 - "Low-dose or very low-dose warfarin were subsequently demonstrated to be effective in patients with morbid obesity and decreased antithrombin III functional and antigenic levels, in patients with indwelling catheters, in patients undergoing gynecological surgery, as well as in patients with stage IV breast cancer. " 01/01/2009 - "Our patient, however, may have been more predisposed to bleeding due to the unpredictable pharmacokinetics of fondaparinux secondary to his morbid obesity, reduced clearance of the drug due to renal insufficiency and concomitant treatment with low dose aspirin and warfarin. "
6.	LeptinIBA 03/30/2004 - "It is still unknown whether leptin can be effective in the treatment of fully established morbid obesity and its endocrine and metabolic consequences in adults. " 05/01/2011 - "This study was designed to determine the contribution of central and peripheral leptin signaling to myocardial metabolism and function in ob/ob and db/db mice in the absence of diabetes and morbid obesity. " 05/01/1997 - "We have thus been able to confirm a tight relationship between serum leptin and body mass but have found no evidence for genetic linkage of the ob gene markers to morbid obesity in a population considered to represent a genetic isolate and to be an ideal model for studies of complex disorders." 02/01/2015 - "Based on the disease symptoms, serum leptin, and MC4R sequencing, a diagnostic algorithm is proposed, which can be used to diagnose cases of morbid obesity." 10/01/2014 - "We analyse the influence of morbid obesity on irisin levels and its relation with leptin and different cardiovascular risk factors. "
7.	Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseIBA 06/01/2011 - "Liver biopsy is considered as the gold standard for assessing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) histologic lesions in patients with morbid obesity. " 08/01/2015 - "sCD163 increased in parallel with the severity of NAFLD in morbid obesity, indicating macrophage activation. " 02/01/2015 - "Mapping of the circulating metabolome reveals α-ketoglutarate as a predictor of morbid obesity-associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease." 09/01/2014 - "Morbid obesity is strongly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. " 11/01/2012 - " • ARFI differentiates NAFLD from NASH in patients with morbid obesity. "
8.	CalciumIBA 01/01/1984 - "The results demonstrate that calcium homeostasis, as expressed by the metabolically active serum Ca++, is normal in morbid obesity. " 01/01/1984 - "Calcium homeostasis in morbid obesity." 08/01/1982 - "Mineral metabolism during prolonged oral calcium substitution after jejuno-ileal bypass for morbid obesity." 07/01/2010 - "Seven parameters were found to have a substantial impact on the amount of calcium required to prevent symptomatic hypocalcemia: preoperative serum calcium >12 mg/dL, >13 mg/dL, and >13.5 mg/dL, bone density T score less than -3, morbid obesity, removal of >1 parathyroid, and manipulation/biopsy of all remaining glands (all p < 0.05). " 03/01/2007 - "Postoperative calcium requirements varied on the basis of the degree of serum calcium elevation preoperatively, number of parathyroid glands removed or subjected to biopsy, presence of morbid obesity, and presence of severe osteoporosis. "
9.	Cefazolin (Ancef)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2015 - "The prophylactic use of continuous cefazolin in surgeries for morbid obesity shows very promising results. " 03/01/2014 - "In this study we evaluated cefazolin subcutaneous adipose tissue distribution in morbidly obese and non-obese patients, thereby quantifying the influence of morbid obesity on cefazolin pharmacokinetics and enabling Monte Carlo simulations for subsequent dose adjustments. " 02/01/2012 - "We hypothesized that cefazolin 2 g given by intravenous (IV) push over 5 min (IVP) or infusion over 30 min (INF) would suffice for SSI prophylaxis in MO (body mass index [BMI] 40-50 kg/m(2)), and cefazolin 3 g would be sufficient in patients with super-morbid obesity (SMO) (BMI >50 kg/m(2)). " 08/01/1981 - "Accordingly, a double-blind prospective trial of prophylactic cefazolin was carried out in 53 consecutive patients who underwent gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity. " 10/01/2004 - "Patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity were given 2 g cefazolin preoperatively, followed by a second dose at 3 hours. "
10.	MicronutrientsIBA 01/01/2009 - "Bariatric surgery has been proven the most effective treatment of morbid obesity, but micronutrient deficiency following bariatric surgery is a major concern. " 09/01/2008 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of micronutrients in patients with morbid obesity after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (LRYGBP). " 03/01/2013 - "Bariatric surgery is the most effective long-term treatment of morbid obesity, but this treatment can result in secondary micronutrient deficiencies. " 11/01/1986 - "Micronutrient deficiencies after gastric bypass for morbid obesity." 06/01/2015 - "For patients with morbid obesity, micronutrient deficiencies, such as vitamin B12, iron and folate, should be suspected. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Bariatric Surgery 07/01/2011 - "Bariatric surgery is currently considered the most effective treatment for morbid obesity and its comorbidities; however, a systematic study of their mechanisms is still lacking. " 03/01/2015 - "Bariatric surgery is a highly effective treatment of type 2 diabetes in patients with morbid obesity. " 02/01/2015 - "Bariatric surgery is the best option for morbid obesity in general population but few data exist in HIV-infected patients. " 02/01/2014 - "Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for the medical comorbidities associated with morbid obesity. " 01/01/2014 - "Bariatric Surgery is currently the best treatment option for patients with Morbid Obesity and a Body Mass Index ≥ 40 kg/m2. "
2.	Gastric Bypass (Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass) 05/01/2011 - "Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) is currently the most effective treatment for morbid obesity, and clinical studies suggest that RYGB patients change food preferences and the desire to eat. " 09/01/2015 - "Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is the most effective treatment for morbid obesity and resolution of diabetes. " 05/01/2014 - "The most frequently used and effective treatment for morbid obesity is Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB), which results in rapid remission of type 2 diabetes in most cases. " 03/01/2014 - "Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) is the most effective treatment for morbid obesity. " 10/01/2010 - "Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (GBS) is the most effective treatment for morbid obesity. "
3.	Gastrectomy 09/01/2013 - "Single-anastomosis duodenoileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy is a simplified duodenal switch procedure that is safe and quicker to perform and offers good results for the treatment of both morbid obesity and its metabolic complications." 03/01/2006 - "These preliminary results suggest that the sleeve gastrectomy is associated with few perioperative complications and offers rapidly effective treatment for super super morbid obesity. " 06/01/2011 - "The results of our study support that CT-guided percutaneous drainage is an effective and safe method to treat infected abdominal fluid collections due to gastric leak in patients who had previously underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity. " 02/01/2015 - "Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is a safe and effective means of treatment of morbid obesity both in the short and in the long term. " 10/01/2010 - "Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is known to be a safe and effective procedure for treating morbid obesity and is performed with increasing frequency both in Europe and the USA. "
4.	Gastroplasty (Vertical-Banded Gastroplasty) 04/01/2000 - "Vertical banded gastroplasty (Mason procedure)--well established for 20 years--is a good, safe therapy for morbid obesity if strict indications for operation are observed and if there is multidisciplinary long-term follow-up. " 08/10/1991 - "[Medium-long-term good results of vertical gastroplasty in the treatment of morbid obesity]." 12/01/1988 - "In view of the good results, reduced morbidity, and absence of mortality, we feel that vertical banded gastroplasty is the surgical treatment of choice for morbid obesity at present." 08/05/1986 - "The surgical treatment of morbid obesity is controversial, although good results are claimed for gastroplasty. " 12/01/2001 - "Vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) has previously been documented as an effective treatment for morbid obesity. "
5.	Jejunoileal Bypass 12/01/1979 - "Jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity with our current bowel length dimensional considerations has achieved good results in 74 per cent of patients. " 06/01/2004 - "Bariatric operations are currently the only effective treatment for morbid obesity The first operation, jejunoileal bypass (JIB), has been superceded. " 07/01/1986 - "Although jejunoileal bypass surgery proved effective in controlling morbid obesity, the serious adverse effects from the operation were ultimately found to outweigh the benefits. " 07/01/1982 - "If the decreased food intake in humans after intestinal bypass is due to a similar mechanism, the possibility exists that this humoral appetite-suppressant factor may be clinically useful in the treatment of morbid obesity." 09/01/1984 - "Gastric partitioning is a safe and effective alternative to jejunoileal bypass in the control of morbid obesity. "