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Nervous System Diseases (Neurological Disorders)

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Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.

Also Known As:

Neurological Disorders; Neurological Disorder; Nervous System Disease; Nervous System Disorders; Neurologic Disorder; Neurologic Disorders; Disease, Nervous System; Diseases, Nervous System; Disorder, Nervous System; Disorder, Neurologic; Disorder, Neurological; Disorders, Nervous System; Disorders, Neurologic; Disorders, Neurological; Nervous System Disorder

Networked: 6158 relevant articles (219 outcomes, 480 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Parkinson Disease (Parkinson's Disease)
2.	Epilepsy (Aura)
3.	Stroke (Strokes)
4.	Pain (Aches)
5.	Alzheimer Disease (Alzheimer's Disease)

Experts

1.	Bodnar, Richard J: 13 articles (12/2014 - 12/2002)
2.	Mattson, Mark P: 10 articles (02/2014 - 03/2003)
3.	Kumar, Anil: 8 articles (08/2015 - 10/2006)
4.	Zhang, Feng: 8 articles (05/2015 - 09/2008)
5.	Borlongan, Cesar V: 8 articles (04/2015 - 01/2005)
6.	McIntyre, Cameron C: 8 articles (01/2015 - 01/2006)
7.	Lennon, Vanda A: 8 articles (11/2014 - 05/2003)
8.	Lipton, Stuart A: 8 articles (01/2008 - 01/2004)
9.	Chu, Kon: 7 articles (01/2016 - 03/2007)
10.	Traynelis, Stephen F: 7 articles (12/2015 - 07/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Nervous System Diseases:

1.	Botulinum Toxins (Botulinum Toxin)IBA 11/01/2002 - "Botulinum toxin has dramatically improved the treatment of a variety of neurologic disorders. " 03/01/2013 - "Botulinum toxin therapy: its use for neurological disorders of the autonomic nervous system." 10/01/2009 - "Botulinum toxin is the most potent toxin of the peripheral cholinergic system and today it is used in the treatment of a variety of neurological disorders. " 01/01/2008 - "Use of botulinum toxin A in adult neurological disorders: efficacy, tolerability and safety." 01/01/2006 - "Botulinum toxin has been shown to effectively treat several types of neurological disorders. "
2.	LigandsIBA 01/01/2000 - "Immunophilin ligands as a novel treatment of neurological disorders." 01/01/2008 - "However, a number of selective 5-HT(2)R ligands currently under development, or in early clinical trials for psychiatric and/or neurological disorders, may soon be available for translational studies to explore their effectiveness in modulating drug use and dependence." 01/01/2006 - "However, a number of selective 5-HT2 R ligands currently under development, or in early clinical trials for psychiatric and/or neurological disorders, may soon be available for translational studies to explore their effectiveness in modulating drug use and dependence." 07/01/2015 - "The mGlu receptor family provides attractive targets for numerous psychiatric and neurologic disorders, with the majority of discovery programs focused on targeting allosteric sites, with allosteric ligands now available for all mGlu receptor subtypes. " 02/20/2015 - "Recent hypotheses connect those ligands with several neurological disorders. "
3.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)IBA 01/01/2015 - "Additionally, we develop gene network due to understand NVU associated transporter proteins interactions that might be effective for understanding aetiology of neurological disorders and new target base protective therapies development and delivery. " 10/01/2004 - "Several groups have published the first positive results using protein transduction domains for the delivery of therapeutic proteins in relevant animal models of human neurological disorders. " 01/01/2011 - "This is the first model to study the in vivo functions of a member of the Rnd subfamily of proteins, revealing the important role of Rnd3/RhoE in the normal development and suggesting the possible involvement of this protein in neurological disorders." 02/01/2006 - "This study provides the first unbiased characterization of proteins of the rat hippocampus and will be used for future studies of differential protein expression in rat models of neurological disorders." 05/01/2005 - "In human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), approximately 80% of proteins originate from serum, and removal of major proteins is necessary to study brain-derived proteins that are present at low concentrations for successful biomarker and therapeutic target discoveries for neurological disorders. "
4.	EnzymesIBA 10/01/2013 - "Continued development and characterization of highly optimized small molecule inhibitors of HDAC enzymes will help refine our understanding of their function and, optimistically, lead to novel therapeutic treatment alternatives for a host of neurological disorders. " 08/01/1996 - "Therefore, the predictive value of these enzymes for the development of neurologic disorders in asphyxiated newborns is not adversely affected by the development of an immediately and effectively treated IRDS. " 12/01/2015 - "These enzymes are a major, rapid source of ceramide production not only during physiological responses to receptor stimulation, but also in neurological disorders. " 08/01/2015 - "They cause varying degrees of central nervous system dysfunction, quite similarly to the neurological disorders induced in mice by gene disruption of the corresponding enzymes. " 01/01/2014 - "Mutations in genes encoding both classes of enzymes are associated with human diseases, notably neurological disorders, underlining their importance. "
5.	Tissue Plasminogen Activator (Alteplase)FDA Link 04/01/2008 - "We report a 93 year-old female subjected to intravenous thrombolysis using tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA), according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders protocol. " 01/01/2002 - "However, following the randomized trial of intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) sponsored by the National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) in 1995, the first proven effective therapy for acute stroke became available. " 01/01/1999 - "With the exception of the National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke trial of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, clinical trials in stroke have failed to show improved outcome. " 11/01/2009 - "After the success of the 1995 National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) study using intravenous (i.v.) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA, alteplase) within 3 hours in acute stroke, this therapy was approved worldwide and has been a standard therapy for acute stroke patients. " 09/01/2006 - "We used data from the IMS-1 and National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) stroke studies to compare outcomes among IV-IA tPA, IV-tPA, and placebo treatment stratified by the baseline CT scan appearance. "
6.	Biological Markers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 01/01/2011 - "This imaging method has the potential to provide first-hand information about the progression of neurological disorders by gene targeting and cell typing, and it could elucidate a surrogate marker for therapeutic efficacy for future planning of treatments for human diseases. " 04/01/2015 - "Interest in nanoneuromedicine has grown rapidly due to the immediate need for improved biomarkers and therapies for psychiatric, developmental, traumatic, inflammatory, infectious and degenerative nervous system disorders. " 03/01/2015 - "Based on literature data it is concluded that the PlasmaDeepDive™ MRM Panel is applicable for studies of human plasma samples for potential biomarkers of various nervous system disorders. " 01/01/2015 - "Robust changes in such resting state networks (RSNs) have been observed in neurologic disorders, and rs-fMRI outcome measures are candidate biomarkers for monitoring clinical trials, including trials of extended therapeutic interventions for rehabilitation of patients with chronic conditions. " 08/01/2008 - "Magnetic resonance imaging has become a major surrogate marker of treatment response in clinical trials of neurological disorders, offering the possibility to reduce the required sample size or to shorten the duration of the trial."
7.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)IBA 06/01/1999 - "Pharmacological inhibition of GABA uptake transporters provides a mechanism for increasing GABAergic transmission, which may be useful in the treatment of various neurological disorders. " 06/01/2015 - "The goal of this study is to provide further insight into the natural distribution of GABA throughout the brain and thus determine if a surrogate site may be used for spectroscopy when evaluating motor diseases, neurological disorders, or psychiatric dysfunction. " 01/01/1982 - "Trials of drugs enhancing GABA-ergic function have been made in a wide variety of neurological disorders. " 09/24/2015 - "Modulation of GABA function in the late hyperexcitability phase of SD may play a role in therapeutic management of SD-related neurological disorders. " 08/01/2014 - "The fast inhibitory effect of GABA is mediated by GABA type A (GABAA) receptors that are associated with several neurological disorders, and GABAA receptors are targets of several therapeutic agents. "
8.	N-Methylaspartate (NMDA)IBA 07/01/2003 - "The initial promise of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists gave hope for the therapeutic treatment of neurological disorders, which ultimately was unfulfilled. " 09/01/1988 - "These findings strongly suggest that Ca2+ entry through N-methyl-D-aspartate-activated channels is responsible for this type of neuronal death and suggest strategies that may be clinically useful in the treatment of various neurological disorders." 12/01/2010 - "Whereas the N-terminal regulatory domain was not necessary for activity of either potentiators or inhibitors, segment 2 of the agonist ligand-binding domain was important for potentiating activity, whereas subtype-specific inhibitory activity was dependent upon segment 1. In terms of chemical structure, activity profile, and mechanism of action, these modulators represent a new class of pharmacological agents for the study of NMDA receptor subtype function and provide novel lead compounds for a variety of neurological disorders." 11/03/2015 - "The ON:OFF switch, σ1R-HINT1 protein, controls GPCR-NMDA receptor cross-regulation: implications in neurological disorders." 02/01/2015 - "The novel TLR4 modulation of non-NMDA glutamatergic currents, identified herein, could represent a general mechanism by which immune activation influences neuronal excitability in neurological disorders that recruit sterile inflammatory responses. "
9.	MelatoninIBA 08/01/2003 - "The protective effects of melatonin against cellular damage caused by Al-induced oxidative stress, together with its low toxicity, make melatonin worthy of investigation as a potential supplement to be included in the treatment of neurological disorders in which the oxidative effects must be minimized." 11/01/2006 - "Our study showed that melatonin and 6-hydroxylmelatonin can be used as supplements in the treatment of neurological disorders involving oxidative stress. " 10/01/2015 - "Off-label recurrent use of melatonin seems to have acquired a role mainly in treating secondary sleep problems in children and adolescents with psychiatric and neurological disorders. " 02/01/2009 - "The role of melatonin in various neurological disorders is also of interest and warrants further investigation. " 09/01/2005 - "The results of the present investigation emphasize the potential use of melatonin as a supplement in the therapy of neurological disorders in which oxidative stress is involved."
10.	AntibodiesIBA 04/01/2008 - "Major advances in the management of paraneoplastic neurologic disorders (PND) include the detection of new antineuronal antibodies, the improved characterisation of known syndromes, the discovery of new syndromes, and the use of CT and PET to reveal the associated tumours at an early stage. " 04/01/2013 - "A study was performed on 59 Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) cases, 58 neurological controls (NC) and 60 non-neurological controls (NNC) to investigate the association of anti-ganglioside antibodies in GBS and other neurological disorders. " 09/21/2007 - "Recent studies have shown a significant correlation between anti-ganglioside antibodies and neurological disorders in patients with underlying CD. " 08/01/2005 - "Additional studies of lupus patients with neurological disorders should elucidate the role of NR2A specific antibodies in lupus related CNS manifestations." 05/15/2004 - "Our study shows that the spectrum of neurological disorders in which anti-neuronal antibodies can be detected is wider than previously thought. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 05/01/2014 - "Thus, it suggests that the use of autologous bone marrow-derived stem cells transplantation in patients with nervous system diseases is a feasible, convenient, safe, and effective method." 09/01/2011 - "Evidence indicating that MSC transplantation results in functional improvement in animal models of neurological disorders has highlighted exciting potential for their use in neurological cell-based therapies. " 05/01/2008 - "Animal studies demonstrate great promise for MSC transplantation in neurological disorders. " 12/01/2010 - "Cellular transplantation holds promise for the management of a variety of neurological disorders. " 08/15/2004 - "Transplantation of genetically manipulated cells to the central nervous system holds great promise for the treatment of several severe neurological disorders. "
2.	Deep Brain Stimulation 04/01/2015 - "Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a successful therapy for the treatment of several neurological disorders with potential implications in management of psychiatric disease. " 08/01/2010 - "Deep brain stimulation of the basal ganglia and other brain regions has been used successfully to treat a variety of neurological disorders. " 10/01/2011 - "Deep brain stimulation is effective for a wide range of neurological disorders; however, its mechanisms of action remain unclear. " 10/15/2008 - "The use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) as an effective clinical therapy for a number of neurological disorders has been greatly hindered by the lack of understanding of the mechanisms which underlie the observed clinical improvement in patients. " 03/27/2015 - "Wireless deep brain stimulation of well-defined neuronal populations could facilitate the study of intact brain circuits and the treatment of neurological disorders. "
3.	Therapeutics 11/01/2006 - "Identification of unique effectors in AA metabolism could direct the development of new therapeutics holding significant promise for the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders." 04/01/2010 - "This insight should facilitate the design of novel and improved therapeutics to treat neurological disorders. " 11/01/2001 - "Standardization of specific behavioral paradigms and phenotyping strategies will ensure that these behavioral mouse mutants offer robust models for evaluating the efficacy of novel therapeutics in the treatment of hereditary neurological disorders. " 11/01/2015 - "This review summarizes results from recent clinical trials utilizing intranasal delivery of therapeutics to explore its pharmacokinetics and application to treating neurological disorders. " 01/31/2011 - "This study provides a preliminary reference map of normal rat brain that will form a basis for comparative studies on normal and pathological conditions of the brain connected with diabetes and may serve as a potential tool for clinical diagnosis, therapeutics and prognosis and may provide new insights into novel mechanisms and therapeutic targets for diabetes-associated neurological disorder."
4.	Ketogenic Diet 03/01/2008 - "Thus, the ketogenic diet may ultimately be useful in the treatment of a variety of neurological disorders." 03/01/2013 - "We also summarize the emerging evidence for the use of ketogenic diet in a broad range of neurological disorders." 01/01/2013 - "Evidence suggests the ketogenic diet and analogous metabolic approaches may benefit diverse neurological disorders. " 01/01/2012 - "The ketogenic diet as a treatment paradigm for diverse neurological disorders." 10/01/2007 - "The ketogenic diet has been used and studied the most in this neurological disorder. "
5.	Injections 04/01/2001 - "The results suggest that the technique is safe and that BTX-A injections are effective for the treatment of sialorrhoea in patients with neurological disorders." 06/05/1993 - "The results were evaluated by means of a score taking into account the effectiveness of treatment, the duration of this effectiveness, the side-effects, if any, observed, and the course of the neurological disorder after several series of injections. " 01/01/1962 - "[On nervous system disorders caused by serum injections (with report of 7 cases)]." 12/01/2015 - "This study confirms the long-lasting efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided BoNT-A injections for sialorrhea, regardless of the causative neurological disorder. " 01/01/2009 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of BTX-A injections in the treatment of disabling sialorrhea in various neurological disorders. "