Nephrosclerosis

Hardening of the KIDNEY due to infiltration by fibrous connective tissue (FIBROSIS), usually caused by renovascular diseases or chronic HYPERTENSION. Nephrosclerosis leads to renal ISCHEMIA.

Also Known As:

Networked: 382 relevant articles (18 outcomes, 39 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Proteinuria
2.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
3.	Glomerulonephritis
4.	Nephritis
5.	Fibrosis (Cirrhosis)

Experts

1.	Ono, Hidehiko: 7 articles (09/2007 - 05/2002)
2.	Hartner, Andrea: 6 articles (02/2009 - 03/2003)
3.	Matsuoka, Hiroaki: 6 articles (09/2008 - 05/2002)
4.	Hilgers, Karl F: 5 articles (02/2009 - 10/2003)
5.	Klanke, Bernd: 5 articles (02/2009 - 10/2003)
6.	Cordasic, Nada: 4 articles (02/2009 - 10/2003)
7.	Ono, Yuko: 4 articles (09/2007 - 05/2002)
8.	Frohlich, Edward D: 4 articles (03/2005 - 05/2002)
9.	Szeto, Cheuk-Chun: 3 articles (07/2015 - 01/2010)
10.	Lai, Fernand Mac-Moune: 3 articles (07/2015 - 01/2010)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Nephrosclerosis:

1.	NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME)IBA 03/01/1998 - "Thus, the pathological nephrosclerosis (subcapsular and juxtamedullary) glomerular and arteriolar injury scores were improved (P<.05 at least) in association with normalization of afferent and efferent arteriolar resistances, and single-nephron glomerular filtration rate, plasma flow, and blood flow were significantly improved, as well as the ultrafiltration coefficient (compared with group 5, L-NAME). " 06/01/2014 - "Our results indicated that L-NAME/SHR is a useful model for hypertensive nephrosclerosis in young rats. " 05/01/2001 - "Thus, both AT(1) receptor and ACE inhibition prevented and reversed the pathophysiological alterations of L-NAME-exacerbated nephrosclerosis in SHR. " 02/01/1996 - "ACE inhibition prevents and reverses L-NAME-exacerbated nephrosclerosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats." 02/01/1996 - "These data, therefore, demonstrate that ACE inhibition not only prevents but also reverses L-NAME-exacerbated severe nephrosclerosis in SHRs, as indicated by improved systemic, renal, and glomerular hemodynamic changes, proteinuria, and histological alterations."
2.	Angiotensin IIIBA 07/01/2006 - "Angiotensin II formation in the kidney and nephrosclerosis in Ren-2 hypertensive rats." 12/01/2000 - "MCP-1 expression is increased in angiotensin II-dependent models of hypertensive nephrosclerosis and is temporally and spatially related to MPhi infiltration. " 02/01/1990 - "Similarities exist between the early functional hemodynamic changes observed in the essential hypertensive kidney and the physiologic renal effects of angiotensin II. To the degree that the initial functional changes are the result of excessive endogenous production of angiotensin II, interruption of the integrity of this humoral system could be expected to reverse the pathophysiologic sequence of events leading to hypertensive nephrosclerosis. " 12/01/1997 - "We investigated the effects of an angiotensin II type 1 (AT1)-receptor antagonist on experimental cardiac hypertrophy, vascular thickening and nephrosclerosis, in order to determine the involvement of this receptor in the development of cardiovascular and renal damage. " 07/01/2006 - "Local angiotensin II formation may help to explain why the AT1 receptor antagonist prevents or ameliorates this transgenic model of malignant nephrosclerosis despite low to normal plasma angiotensin II and suppressed renal renin."
3.	Nitric Oxide (Nitrogen Monoxide)FDA Link 12/01/1998 - "ET(A) receptor antagonist ameliorates nephrosclerosis and left ventricular hypertrophy induced in rat by prolonged inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis." 02/01/1996 - "Chronic nitric oxide inhibition exacerbates hypertension and nephrosclerosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). " 02/01/1993 - "Along with previous work (Chen PY, Sanders PW, J Clin Invest 88:1559-67), these studies were consistent with the hypothesis that hypertension and hypertensive nephrosclerosis developed in SS/Jr rats because, while on a high-salt diet, substrate (L-arginine) became a rate-limiting factor in the synthesis of nitric oxide." 06/01/1998 - "Antihypertensive agents prevent nephrosclerosis and left ventricular hypertrophy induced in rats by prolonged inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis." 07/01/1996 - "Hydrochlorothiazide exacerbates nitric oxide-blockade nephrosclerosis with glomerular hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats."
4.	ReninIBA 07/01/2010 - "Plasma renin activity declines with age, which has been attributed to the effect of age-associated nephrosclerosis. " 02/01/2009 - "Statin treatment reduces mortality and glomerular damage independent from blood pressure in a low-renin model of hypertensive nephrosclerosis. " 03/01/1986 - "The black hypertensive patient also appears to differ from the white hypertensive patient in that he/she shows a tendency to volume expansion, low renin state, early nephrosclerosis, and lowered renal blood flow. " 12/01/1972 - "Renal renin in experimental nephrosclerosis." 01/01/2000 - "Later on, clinical studies led Volhard and Fahr to associate nephrosclerosis to high blood pressure while biochemical research led Tigerstedt and Bergmann to demonstrate that renin was associated to high blood pressure. "
5.	AldosteroneIBA 09/06/2005 - "There is also experimental evidence that aldosterone contributes to the development of nephrosclerosis and renal fibrosis in rodent models, but little is known of its role in clinical renal disease. " 10/01/2004 - "Recent data suggest that aldosterone directly mediates cardiac fibrosis and hypertensive nephrosclerosis. " 01/01/2001 - "Aldosterone has also been shown to act at nonepithelial sites where it can contribute to cardiovascular disease such as hypertension, stroke, malignant nephrosclerosis, cardiac fibrosis, ventricular hypertrophy, and myocardial necrosis. " 09/01/2000 - "Aldosterone promotes nephrosclerosis in several rat models, whereas aldosterone receptor antagonism blunts the effect of activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) on nephrosclerosis, independent of effects on blood pressure. " 03/01/2004 - "Aldosterone antagonism ameliorates proteinuria and nephrosclerosis independent of glomerular dynamics in L-NAME/SHR model."
6.	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE Inhibitors)IBA 09/01/2001 - "ACE inhibitors and appearance of renal events in hypertensive nephrosclerosis." 10/01/1991 - "Reversible renal insufficiency due to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in hypertensive nephrosclerosis." 01/01/2010 - "Black South Africans also appear to be more prone to complications of hypertension, particularly stroke, heart failure, and hypertensive nephrosclerosis, and respond poorly to ACE inhibitors as monotherapy. " 06/01/1998 - "We conclude that ACE inhibitors can prevent nephrosclerosis and LVH even in the presence of a reduction in NO production, implying that in rats the inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system is more effective than the blockade of calcium channels in preventing hypertensive tissue injury." 03/01/2004 - "Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor antagonists have been demonstrated to afford renoprotection in L-NAME-exacerbated nephrosclerosis in SHR rats. "
7.	CalciumIBA 01/28/1989 - "[Arterial hypertension, nephrosclerosis and calcium antagonists]." 11/01/2000 - "Thus, the calcium antagonist efonidipine seems to play an important role in the regulation of apoptosis and proliferation of glomerular cells and may be effective in preventing nephrosclerosis exacerbated by NOS inhibition." 08/01/1999 - "To determine whether there is a difference in the effects of T- and L-type calcium antagonists on systemic, renal, and glomerular hemodynamics, the pathological changes of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-exacerbated nephrosclerosis and clinical alterations were investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). " 11/01/2000 - "Calcium antagonist inhibits glomerular cell apoptosis and injuries of L-NAME exacerbated nephrosclerosis in SHR." 01/01/1989 - "A crossover study was planned in order to compare the effects of captopril and slow channel calcium entry blocker (Ca antagonist) on urinary protein excretion in 7 hypertensive patients with renal diseases, including 4 with IgA nephropathy, 2 with lupus nephritis and 1 with benign nephrosclerosis. "
8.	CollagenIBA 05/01/1994 - "Glomerular expression of type III and type IV collagens in benign nephrosclerosis: immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization study." 10/22/2015 - "Use of the same inhibitor in a mouse model of hypertensive nephrosclerosis showed over a 40% reduction in collagen deposition. " 11/01/1995 - "These findings indicate that increased accumulation of both type III and type IV collagens might play a significant role in the tubulointerstitial damage in benign nephrosclerosis." 11/01/1995 - "Immunohistochemical techniques were used to investigate the distribution of type III and type IV collagens in the kidney sections of 15 patients with benign nephrosclerosis with tubulointerstitial damage and in 10 controls. " 11/01/1995 - "Immunohistochemical analysis of type III and IV collagens in tubulointerstitial damage in human benign nephrosclerosis."
9.	Calcium Channels (Calcium Channel)IBA 06/01/1998 - "We conclude that ACE inhibitors can prevent nephrosclerosis and LVH even in the presence of a reduction in NO production, implying that in rats the inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system is more effective than the blockade of calcium channels in preventing hypertensive tissue injury." 08/01/1992 - "Adverse effect of the calcium channel blocker nitrendipine on nephrosclerosis in rats with renovascular hypertension." 08/01/2004 - "In patients with hypertensive nephrosclerosis, the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK) demonstrated the superiority of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy in blunting progression of renal disease compared with a b blocker and a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. " 06/01/1998 - "We investigated the ability of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor imidapril hydrochloride, and of the calcium channel blocker amlodipine besilate, to prevent nephrosclerosis and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in rats with hypertension induced by chronic inhibition of nitric oxide (NO). " 11/01/2006 - "We randomly assigned 1,094 African Americans with hypertensive nephrosclerosis (glomerular filtration rate [GFR], 20 to 65 mL/min/1.73 m(2) [0.33 to 1.08 mL/s]) to initial antihypertensive treatment with either: (1) a beta-blocker, metoprolol; (2) an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ramipril; or (3) a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, amlodipine, and either a usual-blood pressure (BP) or low-BP treatment goal. "
10.	Arginine (L-Arginine)FDA Link 01/01/1999 - "Three weeks of treatment with L-arginine improved systemic hemodynamics, renal function and renal histologic changes in aged SHR with naturally occurring nephrosclerosis. " 01/01/1999 - "L-arginine reverses severe nephrosclerosis in aged spontaneously hypertensive rats." 01/01/1995 - "Hypertension and hypertensive nephrosclerosis manifested in the Dahl/Rapp salt-sensitive rat are exquisitely sensitive to oral L-arginine, which can completely prevent hypertension and subsequent renal damage in these rats. " 02/01/1993 - "Along with previous work (Chen PY, Sanders PW, J Clin Invest 88:1559-67), these studies were consistent with the hypothesis that hypertension and hypertensive nephrosclerosis developed in SS/Jr rats because, while on a high-salt diet, substrate (L-arginine) became a rate-limiting factor in the synthesis of nitric oxide." 01/01/1999 - "Control untreated, aged SHR (n = 10) demonstrated severe nephrosclerosis histologically, but those treated with L-arginine demonstrated a markedly reduced glomerular injury score (164 +/- 22 versus 83 +/- 9; P < 0.005), and their urinary protein excretion (39 +/- 5 versus 19 +/- 5 mg/100 g body weight per day; P < 0.05) and serum creatinine concentration (1.4 +/- 0.1 versus 0.9 +/- 0.1 mg/dl; P < 0.05) diminished. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Nephrectomy 05/01/1978 - "Although blood pressure improved in all patients, of the first group 24% died within one year after nephrectomy, which shows unsatisfactory prognosis of malignant nephrosclerosis. " 06/01/2005 - "These findings suggested that the renal function loss was not only caused by the nephron mass reduction due to the nephrectomy but was also caused by nephrosclerosis. " 07/01/1973 - "Bilateral nephrectomy and renal homotransplantation for malignant nephrosclerosis." 09/01/1971 - "Effect of bilateral nephrectomy in postpartum nephrosclerosis." 06/01/1994 - "We report the first published cases of simultaneous bilateral laparoscopic nephrectomies in 2 patients: 1 in preparation for living-related donor transplantation and the other ten months following cadaver transplantation in a patient whose end-stage renal disease was from malignant nephrosclerosis. "
2.	Protein-Restricted Diet (Diet, Protein Restricted) 11/17/1984 - "When a low protein diet was given for six months renal function improved significantly in nine patients with chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (p less than 0.025); the diet had a marginally beneficial effect in 12 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (p less than 0.05) and no effect in nine with hypertensive nephrosclerosis. " 01/01/2003 - "To this aim, we investigated the relationship between urinary sodium excretion (under a low salt & low protein diet) and urinary protein excretion/renal function in patients with three major renal diseases: chronic glomerulonephritis(GN), diabetic nephropathy(DN) and nephrosclerosis(NS). "
3.	Kampo Medicine (Kampo) 01/01/2013 - "We investigated protective effects of Shichimotsu-koka-To (SKT), a Japanese traditional Kampo prescription, against nephrosclerosis and hypertension on a CKD model due to irreversible nephritis. "
4.	Diet Therapy (Therapy, Diet) 01/01/1995 - "The long-term (7-12 month) antihyperlipidemic therapy (diet and lovastatin) in 20 patients with CGN accompanied by the nephrotic syndrome caused a significant reduction in the concentration of serum cholesterol and proteinuria, a significant increase in serum albumin levels; remission of the nephrotic syndrome occurred in 9 patients; but better effects were observed in non-inflammatory nephropathies, such as membranous nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and nephrosclerosis."
5.	Surgical Instruments (Clip) 01/01/2015 - "In the present exploratory study, we investigated experimental nephrosclerosis in the two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rat model. " 01/01/1995 - "In the two-kidney one-clip hypertensive Goldblatt model of nephrosclerosis, the aim of this study was to detect, during the first twenty-eight days of high blood pressure, interstitial and periarterial (interlobular arterial and arteriolar) kidney changes. " 01/01/1984 - "Early intimal changes, which are known to lead to malignant nephrosclerosis, were not only absent in the beginning of two-kidney, one-clip hypertension, but also did not occur during the angiotensin-induced accelerated hypertension. "