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N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine

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N-Formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.

Also Known As:

Formylmet-Leu-Phe; Formylmethionyl Peptide; Formylmethionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine; Formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine; N-Formylated Peptide; F Met Leu Phe; Formylmet Leu Phe; Formylmethionyl Leucyl Phenylalanine; Leucyl-Phenylalanine, N-Formylmethionine; N Formyl Methionyl Leucyl Phenylalanine; N Formylated Peptide; N Formylmethionine Leucyl Phenylalanine; Peptide, Formylmethionyl; Peptide, N-Formylated; F-Met-Leu-Phe; N-Formyl-Methionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine; L-Phenylalanine, N-(N-(N-formyl-L-methionyl)-L-leucyl)-

Networked: 185 relevant articles (5 outcomes, 9 trials/studies)

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Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Nakano, Hitoo: 3 articles (05/2008 - 10/2005)
2.	Tsukimori, Kiyomi: 3 articles (05/2008 - 10/2005)
3.	Wake, Norio: 2 articles (05/2008 - 06/2007)
4.	Tsushima, Akitoshi: 2 articles (05/2008 - 10/2005)
5.	Fukushima, Kotaro: 2 articles (05/2008 - 10/2005)
6.	Hu, Jinyue: 2 articles (06/2007 - 04/2006)
7.	Gong, Wanghua: 2 articles (06/2007 - 04/2006)
8.	Chen, Keqiang: 2 articles (06/2007 - 04/2006)
9.	Zhou, Xiang-Dong: 2 articles (03/2007 - 04/2006)
10.	Bian, Xiu-Wu: 2 articles (03/2007 - 04/2006)

Related Diseases

1.	BCR-ABL Positive Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia) 01/01/1990 - "Studies in our laboratory have shown that polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients are defective in chemotaxis towards a synthetic peptide, n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), during the active phases of the disease and in remission. " 01/01/1989 - "The chemotactic index (C.I.) of granulocytes from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients at diagnosis and in subsequent remission was measured using different concentrations of the synthetic chemotactic peptide, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), by time lapse cinematography and compared with that of normal granulocytes. " 03/01/2006 - "PMNL from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients have been reported to be defective in locomotion in response to synthetic peptide, n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) but the mechanism leading to defective locomotion and their spatial reorganization remains unclear. " 01/01/2000 - "Chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients followed in a gradient of a chemotactic peptide n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) is consistently defective in all the phases of the disease. " 01/01/1995 - "Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients are defective for chemotaxis in response to the synthetic chemotactic peptide n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) as compared to normal PMNL. "
2.	Infection 09/01/2001 - "Our result will help in assessing the relevance of N-formylated peptide-specific T cells in protection against infections within the human immune system." 01/01/2013 - "Our gene network and pathway analysis showed that the most significantly differentially expressed genes involved in the host response to HN878, compared to CDC1551, at 3 hours of infection, were components of the inflammatory response and STAT1 activation, recruitment and activation of macrophages, PMN, and fMLP (N-formyl-Methionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine)-stimulation. " 05/01/2006 - "We found that HCMV infection without N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) stimulation increased the surface expression of CD11b to the same extent as fMLP stimulation of mock infected cells. " 06/01/1991 - "On the basis of its potent proinflammatory and spasmogenic effects, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), a bacterial oligopeptide, is a putative mediator of bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation during bacterial bronchial infection. " 01/01/2002 - "We investigated chemoattractant (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, fMLP and casein) induced cytoskeletal rearrangements (polarization) of blood granulocytes in 77 adults with chronic and recurrent therapy-resistant infections of the upper and lower airways. "
3.	Asthma (Bronchial Asthma) 01/01/2006 - "F-met-leu-phe increased CD11b, CD35 and CD18 and decreased CD62L expression in all groups, with a greater CD35 increase in severe asthma. " 04/01/1990 - "Eosinophils from patients with asthma demonstrated significantly (p less than 0.02) increased chemotactic responses to allergen-challenge serum, zymosan-activated serum, and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, compared with eosinophils from references. " 05/01/1989 - "Adenosine inhibited N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-stimulated O2- anion generation in a dose-related fashion in subjects with asthma and normal subjects to a similar degree. " 05/01/1989 - "O2- anion generation in subjects with asthma was significantly higher compared with that of normal subjects after stimulation with either N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (mean, 14.8 nmol/10(6) cells for subjects with asthma versus mean, 9.6 nmol/10(6) cells for normal subjects; p less than 0.01) or phorbol myristate acetate (mean, 13.6 nmol/10(6) cells versus mean, 8.1 nmol/10(6) cells; p less than 0.05). " 11/01/1997 - "Eosinophils were isolated from human volunteers with a history of allergic rhinitis and/or mild asthma and were activated by incubation with cytochalasin B (5 micrograms/ml) and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP, 1 microM). "
4.	Pneumonia (Pneumonitis) 07/01/2008 - "We hypothesized that p21 is an important modifier of lung inflammation and injury, and genetic ablation of p21 will confer protection against CS and other pro-inflammatory stimuli (lipopolysacchride [LPS] and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine [fMLP])-mediated lung inflammation and injury. " 01/01/1995 - "Therefore, to better understand the role of eosinophils in lung inflammation, we compared the ability of three known chemoattractants, formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (FMLP), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and platelet-activating factor (PAF), to induce human eosinophils to migrate across 3.0-microns-pore naked filters and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and A549 human pulmonary type II-like epithelial (A549) cells cultured in monolayers on these filters. "
5.	Inflammation 11/01/2006 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of abnormal intestinal oligopeptide transporter (PepT1) on rat colon inflammation by transportion of N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). " 01/01/2010 - "To modulate IR-induced inflammation the neutrophils were stimulated with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine (FMLP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). " 06/01/1996 - "N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), a bacterial derivative, induces and modulates various cellular responses linked to inflammation. " 02/01/1992 - "Effects of f-Met-Leu-Phe-induced inflammation on intestinal lymph flow and lymphatic pump behavior." 03/01/2007 - "In the present study, we investigated the in vivo capacity of transmigrated monocytes and granulocytes to express CD11b at the site of interstitial inflammation in 10 patients on biocompatible high-flux hemodiafiltration or high-flux hemodialysis and 12 healthy subjects, and the in vitro response to a bacteria-related peptide (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)). "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate
2.	Zymosan
3.	Reactive Oxygen Species (Oxygen Radicals)
4.	Chemotactic Factors
5.	Oxygen
6.	Interleukin-8 (Interleukin 8)
7.	Complement System Proteins (Complement)
8.	Lipopolysaccharides
9.	Endotoxins
10.	Anaphylatoxins

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis)
2.	Bone Marrow Transplantation (Transplantation, Bone Marrow)
3.	Microspheres (Microsphere)
4.	Intraperitoneal Injections
5.	Intradermal Injections