Myxoma (Myxomas)

A benign neoplasm derived from connective tissue, consisting chiefly of polyhedral and stellate cells that are loosely embedded in a soft mucoid matrix, thereby resembling primitive mesenchymal tissue. It occurs frequently intramuscularly where it may be mistaken for a sarcoma. It appears also in the jaws and the skin. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Also Known As:

Networked: 1097 relevant articles (34 outcomes, 70 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Stroke (Strokes)
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
3.	Myxoma (Myxomas)
4.	Ischemic Stroke
5.	Embolism (Embolus)

Experts

1.	Stratakis, Constantine A: 10 articles (11/2020 - 06/2002)
2.	Bartee, Eric: 6 articles (01/2019 - 10/2012)
3.	Yuan, Shi-Min: 5 articles (08/2020 - 03/2015)
4.	Pucci, Angela: 5 articles (02/2019 - 11/2003)
5.	Bartee, Mee Y: 5 articles (01/2019 - 01/2015)
6.	McFadden, Grant: 5 articles (10/2012 - 11/2002)
7.	Gomez, Ricardo Santiago: 4 articles (01/2022 - 11/2017)
8.	Chen, Jian: 4 articles (01/2020 - 08/2012)
9.	Carney, J Aidan: 4 articles (01/2016 - 11/2003)
10.	Chu, Jaw-Ji: 4 articles (07/2011 - 01/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Myxoma:

1.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link 05/01/2015 - "In the present study, we found that the level of myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D), a key regulatory protein for cardiac development, was elevated in specimens of cardiac myxoma, and was positively associated with the proliferation of myxoma cells. " 10/01/2005 - "In the present study, 17 odontogenic myxomas from patients without CNC were screened for PRKAR1A mutations and PRKAR1A protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). " 01/01/2022 - "Myxoma resistance (Mx)1 is an ISG protein which mediates potent anti-IAV activity, however most inbred mouse strains do not express a functional Mx1. " 05/28/2019 - "We describe a case of a 44-year-old woman with locally advanced aggressive angiomyxoma with a novel translocation high-mobility group AT-hook 2-yes-associated protein 1 (HMGA2-YAP1) fusion, implying a t(11;12)(q22.1;q14.3) translocation. " 01/01/2019 - "Absence of PRKAR1A protein expression was found in 2 lesions with morphologic features of myxoma (2/14, 14%), 1 of which demonstrated a pathogenic mutation in the PRKAR1A gene. "
2.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 11/01/1994 - "The DNA flow cytometry is helpful for detecting clinical behavior of the cardiac myxoma, because microscopic examination can not readily distinguish sporadic myxoma from so-called complex myxoma." 01/01/2012 - "In this study, we investigated the presence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA in a cohort of cardiac myxomas in a tertiary referral centre. " 05/01/2003 - "Clinicopathologic study and DNA analysis of 37 cardiac myxomas: a 28-year experience." 12/01/1989 - "In the present study, deoxyribonucleic acid flow cytometric analyses of 35 cardiac myxoma specimens were correlated with clinical findings (mean duration of follow-up, 13 years). " 01/01/2012 - "The presence of HSV-1 and/or -2 DNA was demonstrated in 6 of 17 (35%) informative sporadic cardiac myxomas, whereas no HSV DNA was detected in normal heart tissues (P < 0.01). "
3.	DesminIBA 01/01/1997 - "Furthermore, the demonstration of immunoreactivity for desmin in aggressive angiomyxomas implies that this antibody is not helpful in discriminating between these two tumours, and the principal means of distinction remains histomorphological analysis." 07/01/1989 - "In 16 cases, desmin stained cells in the vascular structures; in 5 cases, desmin stained myxoma cells. " 08/01/1993 - "Desmin staining was not present in any of the four ovarian myxomas or in the two sclerosing stromal tumors, and only three (13%) of the 23 thecomas showed focal staining for desmin. " 05/01/1998 - "These lesions include: fibromatoses in adults and infants (infantile digital fibromatosis and infantile myofibromatosis); myofibroma of adults, an almost exclusively solitary lesion in the skin which is characterized morphologically as a biphasic lesion composed of spindle-shaped eosinophilic tumour cells and more primitive mesenchymal tumour cells associated with a haemangiopericytoma-like vasculature; dermatomyofibroma (plaque-like dermal fibromatosis), a band-like myofibroblastic proliferation in young female patients, which is mainly located in the periaxillar region and in which distinction from more aggressive, plaque-like variant of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is mandatory; myofibroblastoma of the breast, a well-circumscribed lesion composed of spindle shaped, desmin-positive tumour cells, which is seen mainly in elderly male patients and has to be distinguished from other spindle cell lesions of the breast; angiomyofibroblastoma, a well-circumscribed myofibroblastic neoplasm of the vulva and vagina composed of avoid to round myoid tumour cells with scattered multinucleated cells, which forms a continuous morphological spectrum with the clinically more aggressive angiomyxoma in this location; intranodal myofibroblastoma, a distinctive proliferation of myofibroblastic cells associated with so-called amianthoid fibres, which is seen most commonly in inguinal lymph nodes; myofibroblastoma/myofibroblastic tumour of soft tissues, a variably well-circumscribed myofibroblastic lesion which lacks atypia and is composed of actin and/or desmin positive tumour cells, and poorly delineated sarcomas with myofibroblastic differentiation (myofibrosarcoma)." 03/01/2015 - "Careful histopathologic analysis coupled with immunohistochemical studies performed on the last two biopsies established the rare diagnosis of a locally aggressive angiomyxoma (because of its local infiltrative growth) with myofibroblastic features (smooth muscle actin and calponin positivity and desmin negativity). "
4.	Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)FDA Link 06/01/2004 - "We report a case of recurrent aggressive angiomyxoma medically treated successfully with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist. " 01/01/2022 - "The aim of our study was to reveal our experience with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) treatment in patients with angiomyxoma and provide a comprehensive review of management. " 01/01/2011 - "Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva treated by using a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist: a case report." 06/01/2004 - "Medical management of recurrent aggressive angiomyxoma with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist." 09/15/2003 - "Case 1. Aggressive angiomyxoma of the pelvis: response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist."
5.	GadoliniumIBA 09/18/2020 - "Teaching Point: Aggressive angiomyxoma is a rare and benign soft tissue lesion, characterized by a "whorled" or "layering" appearance on T2-weighted and post-gadolinium magnetic resonance." 01/01/2001 - "The 2 myxomas had low MR signals and gadolinium enhancement in the core and septal attachment; these areas had dense neovascular channels. " 09/21/2015 - "Cardiac MRI revealed a mass with dark intensity which enhanced heterogeneously following intravenous administration of gadolinium-chelate, consistent with a myxoma. " 08/01/2013 - "While the morphological characteristics of the new left atrial lesion were suggestive of myxoma, the signal characteristics and behavior following intravenous gadolinium at MR, and, in particular, the rapid interval appearance of the lesion, prompted consideration for left atrial thrombus. " 08/01/2013 - "Atrial myxomas often show contrast enhancement following administration of intravenous gadolinium, whereas thrombus appears as a hypointense structure, typically without any contrast enhancement. "
6.	Aromatase InhibitorsIBA 03/01/2008 - "Treatment of aggressive angiomyxoma with aromatase inhibitor prior to surgical resection." 01/01/2023 - "Prophylactic oophorectomy and aromatase inhibitors for premenopausal deep angiomyxoma: A case report and literature review." 01/01/2023 - "In conclusion, prophylactic oophorectomy and postoperative adjuvant therapy with aromatase inhibitors may be a promising treatment option for deep angiomyxoma to optimize the outcome of surgical treatment. " 11/01/2019 - "Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, anti-estrogens and aromatase inhibitor seem active in advanced aggressive angiomyxoma, but larger studies are warranted. "
7.	Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta Receptor (Receptor, Platelet Derived Growth Factor beta)IBA 03/01/2020 - "Our findings suggest that PDGFRB mutations do not play a role in odontogenic myxoma pathogenesis, which might be helpful in the differential diagnosis of challenging cases." 03/01/2020 - "All 15 odontogenic myxoma samples were successfully sequenced, and all 15 had wild-type sequences for the PDGFRB mutations investigated. " 03/01/2020 - "As recent studies have reported PDGFRB recurrent driver mutations in myofibroma, we evaluated PDGFRB mutations in odontogenic myxomas. " 03/01/2020 - "Odontogenic myxomas lack PDGFRB mutations reported in myofibromas."
8.	EnzymesIBA 05/01/2009 - "Mutations were detected in 8 of 28 (29%) cases of intramuscular myxomas using conventional PCR followed by mutation-specific restriction enzyme digestion (PCR-MSRED) whereas 17 of 28 (61%) mutations were detected using COLD-PCR/MSRED. " 06/01/2008 - "MMP-9 is not only secreted by odontogenic myxoma but also has enzyme activity with no further stimulation. " 01/01/1966 - "Myxoma cordis: some morphological and enzyme-histochemical aspects." 05/31/1932 - "1. The tissues of Rous chicken sarcoma and of the infectious myxoma of the rabbit do not possess the oxidation-reduction enzyme succinodehydrogenase, which is present in normal tissues and in transplantable tumors. " 04/01/2016 - "We hypothesize that this depletion results from virally mediated host-protein shutoff because a myxoma construct that overexpresses the viral decapping enzymes displays improved oncolytic potential. "
9.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 12/01/2020 - "Microscopy showed an infected myxoma and the patient was discharged asymptomatic upon completion of antibiotics. " 09/01/2015 - "It is believed that refinement of the prompt diagnosis and timely management (use of sensitive antibiotics and surgical resection of the infected myxoma) have resulted in better outcomes of such patients. " 06/01/2019 - "The patient underwent successful surgical resection of the myxoma and then completed 4 weeks of antibiotic therapy. " 03/01/2006 - "She was successfully treated by surgical excision of the myxoma and 4 weeks of antibiotic therapy. " 09/01/1998 - "We present a case of a left atrial myxoma infected with Porphyromonas asaccharolytica in a 55-year-old man, successfully treated with surgical excision and a brief course of antibiotic therapy. "
10.	AnticoagulantsIBA 01/01/2012 - "Failure of anticoagulant treatment and transesophageal echocardiography led to diagnosis of myxoma, confirmed intraoperatively and histologically." 09/05/2017 - "Anticoagulant and antithrombotic therapy were administered, a timely surgery was performed and the mass was confirmed as a myxoma. " 01/01/1993 - "These results suggest that the Gamna-Gandy body in cardiac myxoma is not a rare pathologic condition and that anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet therapy may have a causal relation to the pathogenesis of this lesion. " 10/01/2020 - "Thrombolytic therapy and anticoagulant therapy were performed on 17 of them: 8 were cured, 8 were improved, and 1 died; anticoagulant therapy was performed on 18 moderate-risk patients: 9 were cured, 7 were improved, 1 left the hospital without cure, and 1 died; the other 1 moderate-risk patient with PE caused by right atrial myxoma was treated by operation and ultimately died. " 01/01/1993 - "[Cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis with circulating anticoagulant disclosing myxoma of the left atrium]."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 05/01/1999 - "Following surgery to remove the myxoma at the level of the vocal cords, CPAP therapy was highly effective and well tolerated. " 12/01/1996 - "Our data, presenting one of the biggest reports concerning cardiac myxomas, showed a broad spectrum of their clinical presentation, importance of echocardiography in diagnosing and postoperative follow-up and efficacy of a proper surgical intervention as a definite, curative therapy since there were no deaths and no significant cardiac dysfunction neither tumour reccurrence as well." 10/01/2004 - "Conservative resection with narrow margins is a safe and effective therapy for myxomas of the pediatric maxilla." 06/01/2023 - "Early diagnosis of Aggressive angiomyxoma can prevent incomplete excision and recurrence, spare additional surgery, and offer hormonal therapy options." 04/01/2023 - "Anticoagulation therapy was initiated, followed by myxoma resection. "
2.	Thrombectomy 01/01/2016 - "Tandem cervical/intracranial internal carotid artery occlusion due to cardiac myxoma treated successfully with mechanical endovascular thrombectomy." 05/01/2021 - "Mechanical Thrombectomy in Embolic Cardiac Myxoma: Case Report and Literature Review." 04/01/2015 - "Emergency mechanical thrombectomy would be an option for elastic hard myxoma emboli." 03/01/2015 - "The authors describe the use of mechanical thrombectomy in the treatment of embolic occlusion secondary to an atrial myxoma in a pediatric patient. " 10/01/2014 - "We describe a patient with hyperacute stroke caused by cardiac myxoma who had a good outcome with rapid recanalization through mechanical thrombectomy. "
3.	Thrombolytic Therapy 01/01/2011 - "This suggests that, even with complications of myxoma, thrombolytic therapy can be considered if there are no contraindications." 09/01/2009 - "There are few data available regarding safety and efficacy of thrombolytic therapy in acute ischemic strokes caused by atrial myxoma. " 01/01/2013 - "Is it safe to proceed with thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke in a patient with cardiac myxoma?." 01/01/2012 - "Is it safe to proceed with thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke in a patient with cardiac myxoma? " 01/01/2012 - "We present a case of cerebral embolism associated with a left atrial myxoma that was treated with intravenous thrombolytic therapy. "
4.	Sternotomy 07/01/2020 - "In this study, we present our single-center experience in robotically-assisted endoscopic surgery versus conventional median sternotomy approach in patients undergoing cardiac myxoma excision. " 02/01/2023 - "Upon further evaluation, she was diagnosed with a large left atrial myxoma that was surgically removed via median sternotomy. " 01/01/2023 - "Among the 28 right heart myxoma cases, 25 underwent median sternotomy and 3 underwent robotic or total thoracoscopic procedures. " 07/01/2020 - "A comparison of robotically-assisted endoscopic versus sternotomy approach for myxoma excision: A single-center experience." 07/01/2018 - "The standard approach in treating cardiac myxoma is the median full sternotomy. "
5.	Catheters 07/01/1988 - "Echocardiography may be superior to fluoroscopy during BAS because it permits easy detection of spontaneous passage of the inflated catheter into the left ventricle spontaneously through the mitral valve (like a left atrial myxoma). " 06/01/1976 - "In contrast, a prolapsing left atrial myxoma causes paradoxical motion of the catheter; posterior during systole and anterior during diastole. " 06/01/1976 - "Abnormal left ventricular catheter motion: an ancillary angiographic sign of left atrial myxoma." 07/01/2015 - "The patient underwent successful catheter embolectomy of the abdominal aorta and surgical resection of the cardiac myxoma. " 01/01/2015 - "Immediate surgical removal of the LA myxoma with concomitant percutaneous embolectomy using a Forgathy catheter was done, with relief of ischemic symptoms. "