Myxoma (Myxomas)

A benign neoplasm derived from connective tissue, consisting chiefly of polyhedral and stellate cells that are loosely embedded in a soft mucoid matrix, thereby resembling primitive mesenchymal tissue. It occurs frequently intramuscularly where it may be mistaken for a sarcoma. It appears also in the jaws and the skin. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Also Known As:

Networked: 748 relevant articles (12 outcomes, 49 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Stroke (Strokes)
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
3.	Embolism (Embolus)
4.	Thrombosis (Thrombus)
5.	Atrial Heart Septal Defects (Atrial Septal Defect)

Experts

1.	Stratakis, Constantine A: 5 articles (04/2014 - 06/2002)
2.	McFadden, Grant: 5 articles (10/2012 - 11/2002)
3.	Lucas, Alexandra R: 4 articles (03/2010 - 03/2006)
4.	Wang, Gang: 3 articles (07/2015 - 12/2008)
5.	Gao, Changqing: 3 articles (07/2015 - 12/2008)
6.	Korotaeva, A A: 3 articles (12/2010 - 01/2007)
7.	Pirkova, A A: 3 articles (12/2010 - 01/2007)
8.	Prokazova, N V: 3 articles (12/2010 - 01/2007)
9.	Liu, Liying: 3 articles (03/2010 - 03/2006)
10.	Dai, Erbin: 3 articles (03/2010 - 03/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Myxoma:

1.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 11/01/1994 - "The DNA flow cytometry is helpful for detecting clinical behavior of the cardiac myxoma, because microscopic examination can not readily distinguish sporadic myxoma from so-called complex myxoma." 01/01/2012 - "In this study, we investigated the presence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA in a cohort of cardiac myxomas in a tertiary referral centre. " 05/01/2003 - "Clinicopathologic study and DNA analysis of 37 cardiac myxomas: a 28-year experience." 12/01/1989 - "In the present study, deoxyribonucleic acid flow cytometric analyses of 35 cardiac myxoma specimens were correlated with clinical findings (mean duration of follow-up, 13 years). " 01/01/2012 - "The presence of HSV-1 and/or -2 DNA was demonstrated in 6 of 17 (35%) informative sporadic cardiac myxomas, whereas no HSV DNA was detected in normal heart tissues (P < 0.01). "
2.	GadoliniumIBA 01/01/2015 - "Cardiac MRI revealed a mass with dark intensity which enhanced heterogeneously following intravenous administration of gadolinium-chelate, consistent with a myxoma. " 01/01/2001 - "The 2 myxomas had low MR signals and gadolinium enhancement in the core and septal attachment; these areas had dense neovascular channels. " 08/01/2013 - "While the morphological characteristics of the new left atrial lesion were suggestive of myxoma, the signal characteristics and behavior following intravenous gadolinium at MR, and, in particular, the rapid interval appearance of the lesion, prompted consideration for left atrial thrombus. " 08/01/2013 - "Atrial myxomas often show contrast enhancement following administration of intravenous gadolinium, whereas thrombus appears as a hypointense structure, typically without any contrast enhancement. " 01/01/1997 - "MR scans with gadolinium were sometimes helpful when the differential diagnosis included synovitis, Morton's neuroma or intramuscular myxoma, and when it was important to differentiate cystic from solid lesions. "
3.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 01/01/2011 - "An intriguing co-existence: atrial myxoma and cerebral cavernous malformations: case report and review of literature." 03/01/2010 - "We report a case of a young female presenting with symptoms of atrial myxoma but having co-existing ASD visualized on 64 slice multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) prior to cardiac surgery. " 10/22/2007 - "We used a free-living rabbit population co-infected with the nematode Trichostrongylus retortaeformis, which appears to stimulate an acquired immune response, and the immunosuppressive poxvirus myxoma. " 10/01/2002 - "This co-expression was frequently observed in the myxoma cells around the microvessels appearing as a ring structure. " 03/01/2008 - "retortaeformis co-infection (either both nematodes or myxoma-nematodes) resulted in significantly greater intensities in adult hosts. "
4.	Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)FDA Link 06/01/2004 - "We report a case of recurrent aggressive angiomyxoma medically treated successfully with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist. " 01/01/2011 - "Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva treated by using a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist: a case report." 03/01/2006 - "Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva: Dramatic response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy." 06/01/2004 - "Medical management of recurrent aggressive angiomyxoma with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist." 09/15/2003 - "Case 1. Aggressive angiomyxoma of the pelvis: response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist."
5.	CosmeticsIBA 12/01/2008 - "da Vinci S surgical system has no limitations to safe resection of left atrial myxomas and of ASD repairs, surgical results are excellent, and this technology is of reproducible value with excellent cosmetic results." 01/01/2010 - "Minimally invasive video-assisted surgery for left atrial myxoma resection is a safe, reproducible and cosmetic operation and can be considered an effective oncologic approach as an alternative to standard sternotomy." 01/01/2010 - ": Closed-chest atrial septal defect closure and myxoma resection performed using robotic techniques achieved excellent results and rapid postoperative recovery and provided an attractive cosmetic advantage over median sternotomy." 01/01/2001 - "Atrial septal defect operations, including partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection, left atrial myxoma and mitral valve operations, can be performed safely and effectively using a limited anterolateral thoracotomy and standard cannulation technique with excellent cosmetic results."
6.	A 7 (A-7)IBA 07/01/2001 - "We report a 7 year old boy who had a right atrial myxoma resected, and who had recurrent myxoma in the left atrium. " 01/01/2009 - "Left atrial myxoma excision was performed, revealing a 7 x 6.5 x 4.5 cm atrial tumor attached to a 4 x 3 x 2 cm stalk of atrial septal tissue. " 03/01/2015 - "Following mechanical thrombectomy, the patient's pediatric National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score improved from a 16 to a 7. In the setting of acute pediatric stroke due to atrial myxoma emboli, mechanical thrombectomy may be a first-line therapy. "
7.	Interleukin-6 (Interleukin 6)IBA 01/01/2001 - "This study also suggests that recurrent cardiac myxomas form a subgroup of cardiac myxomas with a highly intrinsic aggressiveness, as implied by their greater interleukin-6 production despite their smaller size. " 09/01/1998 - "In our study, immunohistochemical staining of the myxoma for interleukin-6 was strongly positive. " 05/01/2015 - "Subsequently, the patient was found to have an atrial myxoma and persistently elevated serum IL-6 levels. " 10/01/2014 - "A high serum level of IL-6 was detected(33.0 pg/ml), and myxoma was suspected. " 10/01/2009 - "Here, we demonstrated for the first time that monocytes contribute to the elevated production of IL-6 in patients with myxoma."
8.	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)IBA 01/01/2015 - "The aim of the present study was to determine and establish the immunohistochemical distribution of VEGF-A and ORM-1 protein in odontogenic myxomas to suggest a possible function in the biological behavior of odontogenic myxomas. " 01/01/2000 - "Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and angiogenesis in cardiac myxoma: a study of fifteen patients." 01/01/2015 - "Immunolocalization of VEGF-A and orosomucoid-1 in odontogenic myxoma." 05/01/2004 - "Two different myxoma cell lines were established and constitutively secreted large amounts of VEGF as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. " 05/01/2004 - "Vascular endothelial growth factor is an autocrine growth factor for cardiac myxoma cells."
9.	ParaffinIBA 01/01/2000 - "Paraffin-embedded tissue from 19 cardiac myxomas were investigated for the presence of ras oncogenes and p53 tumor suppressor gene abnormalities. " 05/01/1991 - "In this study, we performed flow cytometric DNA analysis of 15 paraffin-embedded atrial myxomas and correlated DNA ploidy status and proliferative fraction with clinical findings. " 01/01/2012 - "Twenty-nine formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sporadic cardiac myxomas were obtained, 17 of which were shown to be informative. " 03/01/2006 - "We studied formalin fixed, paraffin embedded specimens from 129 cases of odontogenic tumours and 9 of mandibular intraosseous myxoma. " 01/01/2003 - "Paraffin-embedded specimens of 17 resected cardiac myxomas were immunohistochemically stained for MCP-1, CC chemokine receptor-2 (CCR-2), TP, CD31, and CD68. "
10.	DesminIBA 07/01/1989 - "In 16 cases, desmin stained cells in the vascular structures; in 5 cases, desmin stained myxoma cells. " 08/01/1993 - "Desmin staining was not present in any of the four ovarian myxomas or in the two sclerosing stromal tumors, and only three (13%) of the 23 thecomas showed focal staining for desmin. " 03/01/2015 - "Careful histopathologic analysis coupled with immunohistochemical studies performed on the last two biopsies established the rare diagnosis of a locally aggressive angiomyxoma (because of its local infiltrative growth) with myofibroblastic features (smooth muscle actin and calponin positivity and desmin negativity). " 04/01/2001 - "The distinct histologic features of bland spindle cells admixed with numerous hyalinized medium to small blood vessels, and a vimentin-positive desmin-negative immunoprofile differentiates this neoplasm from other vulvar tumors such as angiomyofibroblastoma and aggressive angiomyxoma. " 05/01/1998 - "These lesions include: fibromatoses in adults and infants (infantile digital fibromatosis and infantile myofibromatosis); myofibroma of adults, an almost exclusively solitary lesion in the skin which is characterized morphologically as a biphasic lesion composed of spindle-shaped eosinophilic tumour cells and more primitive mesenchymal tumour cells associated with a haemangiopericytoma-like vasculature; dermatomyofibroma (plaque-like dermal fibromatosis), a band-like myofibroblastic proliferation in young female patients, which is mainly located in the periaxillar region and in which distinction from more aggressive, plaque-like variant of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is mandatory; myofibroblastoma of the breast, a well-circumscribed lesion composed of spindle shaped, desmin-positive tumour cells, which is seen mainly in elderly male patients and has to be distinguished from other spindle cell lesions of the breast; angiomyofibroblastoma, a well-circumscribed myofibroblastic neoplasm of the vulva and vagina composed of avoid to round myoid tumour cells with scattered multinucleated cells, which forms a continuous morphological spectrum with the clinically more aggressive angiomyxoma in this location; intranodal myofibroblastoma, a distinctive proliferation of myofibroblastic cells associated with so-called amianthoid fibres, which is seen most commonly in inguinal lymph nodes; myofibroblastoma/myofibroblastic tumour of soft tissues, a variably well-circumscribed myofibroblastic lesion which lacks atypia and is composed of actin and/or desmin positive tumour cells, and poorly delineated sarcomas with myofibroblastic differentiation (myofibrosarcoma)."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Thrombectomy 03/01/2015 - "The authors describe the use of mechanical thrombectomy in the treatment of embolic occlusion secondary to an atrial myxoma in a pediatric patient. " 10/01/2014 - "We describe a patient with hyperacute stroke caused by cardiac myxoma who had a good outcome with rapid recanalization through mechanical thrombectomy. " 01/01/2014 - "In stroke secondary to cardiac myxoma, mechanical thrombectomy might represent a safe and effective treatment option. " 03/01/2015 - "Mechanical thrombectomy for pediatric stroke arising from an atrial myxoma: case report." 10/01/2014 - "Effective mechanical thrombectomy in a patient with hyperacute ischemic stroke associated with cardiac myxoma."
2.	Thrombolytic Therapy 01/01/2011 - "This suggests that, even with complications of myxoma, thrombolytic therapy can be considered if there are no contraindications." 01/01/2014 - "Although thrombolytic therapy represents the gold standard for acute ischemic stroke treatment, its safety and effectiveness in stroke patients with myxoma is unknown. " 09/01/2009 - "There are few data available regarding safety and efficacy of thrombolytic therapy in acute ischemic strokes caused by atrial myxoma. " 01/01/2013 - "Is it safe to proceed with thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke in a patient with cardiac myxoma?." 01/01/2012 - "Is it safe to proceed with thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke in a patient with cardiac myxoma? "
3.	Sternotomy 09/01/2015 - "A control group was selected from 18 consecutive patients who underwent an isolated atrial myxoma excision via conventional sternotomy. " 07/01/2015 - "Between January 2007 and January 2013, a total of 93 patients underwent either conventional sternotomy or robotically assisted atrial myxoma excision in our unit. " 01/01/2013 - "In a hybrid approach, sternotomy and open aortotomy provided the minimally invasive transaortic access to the myxoma. " 07/01/2012 - "We report our retrospective data comparing robotically assisted myxoma excision with standard median sternotomy excision. " 01/01/2008 - "We demonstrate how intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography, prior to sternotomy, was useful in providing information about the myxoma which clearly displayed its attachment and anatomical relationship in the planning of the 'safe' surgical excision."
4.	Heart-Lung Machine 11/01/2003 - "With Viking Olov Bjork and Ake Senning the heart-lung machine was improved, finally allowing its clinical use in a patient operated in 1954 for a myxoma of the left atrium, with long-term survival. " 05/01/1998 - "Thus, in Germany, about 0.3% of operations using a heart-lung machine were performed for cardiac tumors-among these, myxomas are clearly predominant."
5.	Oral Pathology 06/01/2008 - "The aim of this study was to analyze the clinico-pathological and immunohistochemical features of 62 cases of odontogenic myxoma (OM) diagnosed in three Oral Pathology Diagnostic Services in Latin America, as well as to describe the ultrastructural features of three of these cases. " 12/01/2003 - "Odontogenic myxomas submitted to oral pathology between 1974 and 1998 were evaluated. " 05/01/1995 - "All tumors of patients under 16 years of age (10 cases), were separated from the 80 myxomas found in the Oral Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Odontology, Buenos Aires University, and were analyzed in terms of clinical data, radiographic image, histopathology, treatment, and evolution. "