Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase

An enzyme that phosphorylates myosin light chains in the presence of ATP to yield myosin-light chain phosphate and ADP, and requires calcium and CALMODULIN. The 20-kDa light chain is phosphorylated more rapidly than any other acceptor, but light chains from other myosins and myosin itself can act as acceptors. The enzyme plays a central role in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction.

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Networked: 292 relevant articles (2 outcomes, 29 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Garcia, Joe G N: 21 articles (04/2022 - 04/2006)
2.	Turner, Jerrold R: 13 articles (05/2022 - 04/2005)
3.	Wang, Yuan: 12 articles (11/2020 - 06/2013)
4.	Zhou, Qing: 12 articles (11/2020 - 06/2013)
5.	Wang, Ting: 12 articles (10/2018 - 01/2011)
6.	Feng, Lin: 11 articles (12/2019 - 11/2015)
7.	Jiang, Wei-Dan: 11 articles (12/2019 - 11/2015)
8.	Kuang, Sheng-Yao: 11 articles (12/2019 - 11/2015)
9.	Liu, Yang: 11 articles (12/2019 - 11/2015)
10.	Tang, Ling: 11 articles (12/2019 - 11/2015)

Related Diseases

1.	B-Cell Lymphoma (Lymphoma, B Cell) 04/01/2017 - "Moreover, phosphorus deficiency up-regulated the mRNA levels of Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1a (Keap1a), Fas ligand (FasL), apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), caspase -2, -3, -7, -8 and -9, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), whereas it depressed the glutathione (GSH) contents and antioxidant enzymes activities, and down-regulated the mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), B-cell lymphoma protein-2 (Bcl-2), myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) and tight junction complexes to attenuate fish head kidney and spleen structural integrity. " 09/01/2017 - "The results indicated that optimal levels of dietary protein: (1) (1) increased the lysozyme (LA) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities and the complement 3 (C3) and C4 contents, up-regulated antimicrobial peptides, anti-inflammatory cytokines, inhibitor of κBα, target of rapamycin and ribosomal protein S6 kinases 1 mRNA levels, whereas down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) P65, IKKβ, IKKγ, eIF4E-binding proteins (4E-BP) 1 and 4E-BP2 mRNA levels in the head kidney, spleen and skin of grass carp (P < 0.05), suggesting that optimal level of dietary protein could enhance immune function in the head kidney, spleen and skin of fish; (2) increased the activities and mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes, enhanced the glutathione content, decreased reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl contents, and up-regulated the mRNA levels of NF-E2-related factor 2, B-cell lymphoma protein-2, inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, myeloid cell leukemia-1 and tight junction complexes, whereas down-regulated Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein (Keap) 1b, cysteinyl aspartic acid-protease 3, 8, 9, Fas ligand, apoptotic protease activating factor-1, Bcl-2 associated X protein and myosin light chain kinase mRNA levels in the head kidney, spleen and skin of grass carp (P < 0.05), indicating that optimal level of dietary protein could improve structural integrity in the head kidney, spleen and skin of fish. " 08/01/2016 - "The results indicated that optimal dietary protein levels: increased the production of antibacterial components, up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines, inhibitor of κBα, target of rapamycin and ribosomal protein S6 kinases 1 mRNA levels, whereas down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) P65, NF-κB P52, c-Rel, IκB kinase β, IκB kinase γ and eIF4E-binding proteins 2 mRNA levels in three intestinal segments of young grass carp (P < 0.05), suggesting that optimal dietary protein level could enhance fish intestinal immune barrier function; up-regulated the mRNA levels of tight junction complexes, B-cell lymphoma protein-2, inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, myeloid cell leukemia-1 and NF-E2-related factor 2, and increased the activities and mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes, whereas down-regulated myosin light chain kinase, cysteinyl aspartic acid-protease 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, fatty acid synthetase ligand, apoptotic protease activating factor-1, Bcl-2 associated X protein, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase and Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1b mRNA levels, and decreased reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl contents in three intestinal segments of young grass carp (P < 0.05), indicating that optimal dietary protein level could improve fish intestinal physical barrier function. " 10/01/2016 - "The results indicated that optimal levels of dietary protein had the following effects: (1) the production of antibacterial components increased, and anti-inflammatory cytokines, inhibitor of κBα, target of rapamycin and ribosomal protein S6 kinases 1 mRNA levels were up-regulated, whereas mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) P65, NF-κB P52, IκB kinase (IKK) α, IKKβ, IKKγ, eIF4E-binding proteins (4E-BP) 1 and 4E-BP2 were down-regulated in the gills of grass carp (P < 0.05), indicating that fish gill immune function was enhanced at an optimal level of dietary protein; (2) the activities and mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione content increased, the contents of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl (PC) decreased, and NF-E2-related factor 2, B-cell lymphoma protein-2, inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, myeloid cell leukemia-1 and tight junction complexes mRNA levels were up-regulated, whereas Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein (Keap) 1a, Keap1b, cysteinyl aspartic acid-protease 3, 8, 9, fatty acid synthetase ligand, apoptotic protease activating factor-1, Bcl-2 associated X protein, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase, myosin light chain kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase mRNA levels were down-regulated in the gills of grass carp (P < 0.05), indicating that the fish gill physical barrier function improved at an optimal level of dietary protein. " 03/01/2018 - "The results showed that compared with the optimal PN level, PN deficiency (1) increased the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC), decreased the activities and mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes such as copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) (P < .05); (2) up-regulated the mRNA levels of cysteinyl aspartic acid-protease-3 (caspase-3), caspase-7, caspase-8, caspase-9, Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) and Fas ligand (FasL), and down-regulated the mRNA levels of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP), B-cell lymphoma protein-2 (Bcl-2) and myeloid cell leukaemia-1 (Mcl-1) (P < .05); (3) down-regulated the mRNA levels of ZO-1, occludin [only in middle intestine (MI)], claudin-b, claudin-c, claudin-f, claudin-3c, claudin-7a, claudin-7b and claudin-11, and up-regulated the mRNA levels of claudin-12 and claudin-15a (P < .05), which might be partly linked to Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1a (Keap1a)/NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) signalling in the intestines of fish. "
2.	Pneumonia (Pneumonitis) 01/01/2023 - "MYOSIN LIGHT CHAIN KINASE DELETION WORSENS LUNG PERMEABILITY AND INCREASES MORTALITY IN PNEUMONIA-INDUCED SEPSIS." 11/01/2010 - "Similarly, no associations were observed between myosin light chain kinase gene single nucleotide polymorphisms genotyped in adults with community-acquired pneumonia and increased severity of lung injury. " 11/01/2010 - "No associations were observed between the myosin light chain kinase gene single nucleotide polymorphisms genotyped in children with community-acquired pneumonia and increased severity of lung injury. " 11/01/2010 - "To investigate whether selected single nucleotide polymorphisms in the myosin light chain kinase gene are associated with more severe lung injury in children and adults with community-acquired pneumonia. " 05/01/2005 - "The data, obtained using in vivo and in vitro approaches, demonstrate a key role for myosin light chain kinase in lung inflammation, and suggest that myosin light chain kinase could be a potential target for novel drugs intended for relief of lung injury."
3.	Asthma (Bronchial Asthma) 01/01/2018 - "Previous studies have indicated that smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) has a prominent role in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction, which tends to be upregulated in asthma. " 01/01/2008 - "The first of these studies suggested increased expression of myosin light-chain kinase in airway smooth muscle from patients with asthma, whereas the second study found no difference in myosin light-chain kinase expression, nor any difference in other markers of smooth muscle phenotype in asthma. " 10/01/2015 - "Fine mapping of the myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) gene replicates the association with asthma in populations of Spanish descent." 06/01/2015 - "A nonmuscle myosin light chain kinase-dependent gene signature in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is linked to human asthma severity and exacerbation status." 06/01/2015 - "Myosin light-chain kinase (MYLK) is a gene known to be significantly associated with severe asthma in African Americans. "
4.	Acute Lung Injury 11/01/2010 - "Previous studies have demonstrated an association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the myosin light chain kinase gene and increased severity of acute lung injury in adults. " 04/01/2009 - "[Protective effect of myosin light-chain kinase inhibitor on acute lung injury]." 06/01/2007 - "Here, we measured disease-relevant end points to test the hypothesis that inhibition of myosin light chain kinase is a potential therapeutic target for treatment of barrier dysfunction resulting from acute lung injury. " 04/01/2006 - "Novel polymorphisms in the myosin light chain kinase gene confer risk for acute lung injury." 03/01/2012 - "Myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK), a central cytoskeletal regulator encoded by MYLK, plays a key pathophysiological role in complex diseases including acute lung injury (ALI) and asthma. "
5.	Hypoxia (Hypoxemia) 02/01/2009 - "To study the role of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) in intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction after hypoxia. " 01/01/2022 - "Myosin Light Chain Kinase Modulates to Improve Myocardial Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury." 01/01/2018 - "Nonmuscle Myosin Light Chain Kinase: A Key Player in Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Vascular Alterations." 06/01/2015 - "In a rat model of myocardial IR and a cardiomyocyte model of hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR) injury, the cardiac or cell injury, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) content, XO expression and activity, XO-derived products, and level of nuclear p-nmMLC20 were detected. " 01/15/2013 - "Hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced endothelial barrier failure: role of RhoA, Rac1 and myosin light chain kinase."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
2.	Lipopolysaccharides
3.	Phosphotransferases (Kinase)
4.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)
5.	p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
6.	Cytokines
7.	NF-E2-Related Factor 2
8.	Reactive Oxygen Species (Oxygen Radicals)
9.	Peptide Hydrolases (Proteases)
10.	Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Critical Care (Surgical Intensive Care)
2.	Therapeutics
3.	Artificial Respiration (Mechanical Ventilation)
4.	Positive-Pressure Respiration (Positive End-Expiratory Pressure)
5.	Ligation