Myosins (Myosin)

A diverse superfamily of proteins that function as translocating proteins. They share the common characteristics of being able to bind ACTINS and hydrolyze MgATP. Myosins generally consist of heavy chains which are involved in locomotion, and light chains which are involved in regulation. Within the structure of myosin heavy chain are three domains: the head, the neck and the tail. The head region of the heavy chain contains the actin binding domain and MgATPase domain which provides energy for locomotion. The neck region is involved in binding the light-chains. The tail region provides the anchoring point that maintains the position of the heavy chain. The superfamily of myosins is organized into structural classes based upon the type and arrangement of the subunits they contain.

Also Known As:

Networked: 2018 relevant articles (28 outcomes, 170 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Lombardi, Vincenzo: 14 articles (08/2015 - 02/2002)
2.	Bernstein, Sanford I: 12 articles (12/2015 - 12/2003)
3.	Linari, Marco: 12 articles (08/2015 - 02/2002)
4.	Oldfors, Anders: 11 articles (07/2015 - 10/2003)
5.	Reconditi, Massimo: 11 articles (09/2014 - 02/2002)
6.	Piazzesi, Gabriella: 11 articles (09/2014 - 02/2002)
7.	Larsson, Lars: 11 articles (01/2014 - 06/2007)
8.	Tajsharghi, Homa: 10 articles (07/2015 - 10/2003)
9.	Laing, Nigel G: 10 articles (08/2014 - 10/2004)
10.	Moore, Jeffrey R: 9 articles (12/2014 - 01/2009)

Related Diseases

1.	Myocarditis (Carditis) 01/01/2011 - "In our study, we used a rat model of myosin-induced experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM), in which the heart transits from an acute phase (inflammatory myocarditis) to a chronic phase (remodeling and DCM). " 12/01/2009 - "The aim of this study was to assess whether HVEM-mediated immune suppression could protect against experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) induced by myosin. " 10/01/2009 - "Previous studies show that CD11c+ myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) loaded with myosin could induce myocarditis. " 11/01/2008 - "In a second experiment, we used adoptive transfer of myosin-reactive lymphocytes to study the mechanism of WBH effect on myocarditis. " 06/01/2008 - "In the current study, we found that BM cells from myocarditis-susceptible A.SW mice can render irradiated, myocarditis-resistant B10.S recipient mice susceptible to myosin-induced myocarditis, indicating that hematopoietic cells express the genetic differences controlling susceptibility to autoimmune myocarditis. "
2.	Hypertrophy 07/01/1984 - "To determine whether a causal relationship exists between the myocardial hypertrophy and the deficits in myosin ATPase activity and contractile function that have been associated with chronic, experimental pressure overload, we studied contractile function, myosin ATPase, and isomyosin pattern in a model of severe pressure overload in which the pressure overload was surgically relieved but hypertrophy persisted. " 07/18/2008 - "The initial studies with R403Q myosin, isolated from biopsies of patients, showed a large decrease in myosin motor function, leading to the hypothesis that hypertrophy was a compensatory response. " 11/01/1987 - "The purpose of this study was to ascertain the time course of change during both compensatory growth (hypertrophy) and subsequent growth regression on myosin isoform expression in rodent fast-twitch plantaris muscle in response to functional overload (induced by removal of synergists). " 09/01/2014 - "The analysis evaluates the optimal ratio of myosin to actin filaments, the packing density, and the effect on new myofilament formation in muscle hypertrophy for the various lattice geometries. " 01/01/2013 - "Passive cardiomyocyte stiffness in the transverse direction is increased in hearts with ISO-induced hypertrophy and this is caused by residual actin-myosin cross-bridge formation. "
3.	Stroke (Strokes) 11/07/2002 - "Different assumptions regarding the force-length relationship of individual cross-bridges are explored [linear, power function and worm-like chain (WLC) model based], and it is shown that the best results are obtained if the individual myosin-spring forces are modelled using a WLC model, thus hinting that entropic elasticity could be the main source of force in myosin undergoing the conformational changes associated with the power stroke." 01/01/2015 - "Despite extensive studies, however, the amplitude of myosin head power stroke still remains to be a mystery. " 10/15/2013 - "Crystallographic studies suggest that the working stroke is associated with the release of phosphate (Pi) and consists of 70 deg tilting of a light-chain domain that connects the catalytic domain of the myosin motor to the myosin tail and filament. " 01/01/2006 - "We further show that differences in the stroke size for various classes of myosins reported from single molecule studies might be related to small differences in the probability to execute the power stroke kinetics. " 06/01/2005 - "The myosin working stroke is 12 nm at low loads, which is consistent with crystallographic studies, while it is smaller and slower at higher loads. "
4.	Dilated Cardiomyopathy (Cardiomyopathy, Congestive) 02/01/2008 - "Analysis of beating hearts demonstrates depressed motor function evokes a dilatory response, similar to that seen with vertebrate dilated cardiomyopathy myosin mutations, and it disrupts contractile rhythmicity. " 03/01/2002 - "The data suggest strongly the contribution of LC2-deficit to the distortion of functional properties of myosin in dilated cardiomyopathy. " 08/01/2001 - "EAM is induced by immunization against myosin and represents a T-cell-dependent disorder that progresses toward dilated cardiomyopathy similar to the human equivalent. " 01/01/2001 - "Progression from hypertrophic to dilated cardiomyopathy in mice that express a mutant myosin transgene." 08/01/1996 - "Myofibrillar but not actomyosin ATPase is depressed in failing myocardium from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. "
5.	Body Weight (Weight, Body) 12/01/2015 - "HMB+β-Ala had no significant effects on body weight, MG mass, force or fatigability, myosin composition, or muscle quality. " 01/01/2013 - "We conducted an experiment with 16 young pigs (body weight of about 16 kg) to determine whether Leu and Ile affect expression of aa transporters b(0,+) and CAT-1 in the jejunum and expression of myosin in muscle, as well as serum concentration of essential aa, and growth performance in pigs. " 10/01/2007 - "High-dose HC-2 enhanced soleus muscle-to-body weight ratio by 33%; and type I / type II fiber CSA by 143% and 83% above HLU-W values, respectively, and resulted in a slower myosin ATPase activity (corresponding to a lower type II fiber percentage). " 10/01/2007 - "Compared to untreated rats, high-dose HC-1 enhanced type I and II fiber CSA by 77% and 55%, respectively; myosin ATPase activity (type II fiber percentage) were lower, but soleus muscle-to-body weight ratio did not change. " 10/01/2007 - "As expected, in HLU and HLU-W, soleus muscle-to-body weight ratio and CSA of type I and II fiber went down, and myosin ATPase activity and the percentage of type II fibers went up, all compared with CON. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Protein Isoforms (Isoforms)
2.	Myosin-Light-Chain Phosphatase
3.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)
4.	Tropomyosin
5.	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
6.	Antigens
7.	Phosphotransferases (Kinase)
8.	rho-Associated Kinases
9.	Myosin Type II
10.	Myosin Type I (Myosin IA)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Synchrotrons
2.	Transplants (Transplant)
3.	Heart Transplantation (Grafting, Heart)
4.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients)
5.	Vertical Dimension (Occlusion Vertical Dimension)