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Myelodysplastic Syndromes (Myelodysplastic Syndrome)

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Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.

Also Known As:

Myelodysplastic Syndrome; Hematopoetic Myelodysplasia; Dysmyelopoietic Syndrome; Hematopoetic Myelodysplasias; Myelodysplasia, Hematopoetic; Myelodysplasias, Hematopoetic; Syndrome, Dysmyelopoietic; Syndrome, Myelodysplastic; Syndromes, Dysmyelopoietic; Syndromes, Myelodysplastic; Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes

Networked: 5181 relevant articles (385 outcomes, 676 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases
- Hematologic Diseases: 1962
  - Bone Marrow Diseases: 87
    - Myelodysplastic Syndromes: 5181

Related Diseases

1.	Acute Myeloid Leukemia (Acute Myelogenous Leukemia)
2.	Anemia
3.	Leukemia
4.	BCR-ABL Positive Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia)
5.	Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma (Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia)

Experts

1.	Garcia-Manero, Guillermo: 82 articles (12/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Fenaux, Pierre: 78 articles (10/2015 - 01/2004)
3.	Kantarjian, Hagop: 77 articles (09/2015 - 01/2002)
4.	Deeg, H Joachim: 59 articles (09/2015 - 01/2002)
5.	Cortes, Jorge: 55 articles (04/2015 - 07/2002)
6.	Germing, Ulrich: 45 articles (12/2015 - 10/2002)
7.	List, Alan F: 45 articles (03/2015 - 01/2006)
8.	Faderl, Stefan: 44 articles (02/2015 - 08/2002)
9.	Kantarjian, Hagop M: 41 articles (05/2015 - 05/2002)
10.	Ravandi, Farhad: 41 articles (05/2015 - 02/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Myelodysplastic Syndromes:

1.	Azacitidine (5 Azacytidine)FDA Link 11/01/2010 - "The earliest and the most successful epigenetic drug to date, 5-Azacytidine, is currently recommended as the first-line treatment of high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). " 07/01/2013 - "These results demonstrate azacitidine benefit on overall survival compared with conventional care regimens in patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes who achieve hematologic response but never attain complete or partial remission, in addition to the survival advantage conferred by achievement of complete or partial remission." 01/01/2013 - "Around 6 weeks after this single azacitidine cycle, complete remission-according to international working group criteria-was observed with continuous improvement in peripheral blood counts to normal values, transfusion-independence, normal blast count (< 5 %) with normal morphology and flow cytometry, as well as a normal bone marrow karyotype and no dysplastic stigmata suggestive of a coexisting myelodysplastic syndrome. " 11/01/2010 - "Azacitidine is currently the only drug to have shown a significant survival benefit over conventional care regimens in patients with International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) intermediate-2 (Int-2) and high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), establishing it as an important new treatment for these individuals. " 10/15/2006 - "Azacitidine administered in the outpatient setting is well tolerated and can induce complete hematological remission in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). "
2.	lenalidomide (CC 5013)FDA Link 11/01/2015 - "Lenalidomide has demonstrated remarkable efficacy for therapy of lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) associated with 5q(-). " 07/09/2015 - "Lenalidomide is a highly effective treatment for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with deletion of chromosome 5q (del(5q)). " 09/01/2012 - "Complete Remission of del(5q) Myelodysplastic Syndrome after 7 Days of Lenalidomide Therapy Gives an Alert!" 07/01/2010 - "Efficacy of lenalidomide treatment and complete cytogenetic remission in a case of myelodysplastic syndrome with del(5q) and del(9q)." 03/01/2010 - "The beneficial effect of lenalidomide in patients with lower risk myelodysplastic syndrome with del(5q) is associated with significant increases in the proportion of bone marrow erythroid precursor cells and in the frequency of clonogenic progenitor cells, a substantial improvement in the hematopoiesis-supporting potential of bone marrow stroma and significant alterations in the adhesion profile of bone marrow CD34(+) cells."
3.	Cytarabine (Cytosar-U)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1992 - "So far we do not know effective treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome and recommend therefore to test in suitable patients small doses of ARA-C, despite the fact that a favourable response to this treatment can be expected only in about one third of the patients." 07/01/1992 - "The efficacy of low-dose cytarabine given as 10 mg sub-cutaneously 12 hourly for 2 weeks and repeated at 2 to 3 weekly intervals was evaluated prospectively in 15 consecutive patients of myelodysplastic syndrome over a 3 year period. " 07/01/1992 - "Efficacy of low-dose cytarabine therapy in myelodysplastic syndromes." 06/01/1992 - "In patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and excess of blasts (n = 82) remission could be induced in nearly 50% if the drug was given together with low dose cytosine arabinoside (LD-AraC). " 06/01/2015 - "We randomised 143 untreated patients with AML or with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (>10% marrow blasts) between sapacitibine and low-dose ara-C (LDAC) in our 'Pick a Winner' trial design. "
4.	Erythropoietin FDA Link 01/01/1995 - "Efficacy of erythropoietin in the myelodysplastic syndromes: a meta-analysis of 205 patients from 17 studies." 09/01/2011 - "We investigated the efficacy of alpha recombinant human erythropoietin (α-rHuEPO) administered as single agent to 133 patients affected by myelodysplastic syndromes referring to our Institution in the last 10 years. " 08/01/1991 - "The clearance of a single i.v. bolus of recombinant human erythropoietin from the serum of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and its effects on erythropoiesis." 06/01/2006 - "An open-label, phase II non-randomised trial was conducted with darbepoetin (DAR), an erythropoiesis-stimulating factor with prolonged half-life, at a weekly dose of 300 mug subcutaneously in 62 anaemic patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with an endogenous erythropoietin (EPO) level <500 mU/ml. Most of the patients were classified as low or intermediate 1 according to the International Prognostic Scoring System. " 11/01/2004 - "[A study of erythropoietin use for myelodysplastic syndrome]."
5.	decitabine (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine)FDA Link 12/01/2005 - "Intravenous low-dose 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (decitabine) in patients with advanced myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) yields an approximately 50% overall response rate, including 20-25% complete remission. " 10/01/2011 - "Decitabine treatment was feasible and effective in Korean patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, and the overall survival was significantly longer in patients showing hematologic improvement." 08/01/2001 - "Clinically, low-dose decitabine ameliorates cytopenias including induction of trilineage responses in approximately 50% of patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). " 07/01/2014 - "Decitabine, a demethylating drug, is the first-line treatment for myelodysplastic syndromes and gains better overall survival, which is based on epigenetic mechanism. " 02/01/2007 - "Low-dose decitabine has been studied recently in multiple clinical trials and has been shown to be effective for treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes. "
6.	Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF)IBA 01/01/2002 - "We report a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), refractory anaemia with excess blasts in transformation, in whom complete remission (CR) was achieved with the administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). " 11/01/1994 - "To evaluate the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous administration of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), 20 patients were given a daily dose of 50 micrograms/m2 of KRN8601 for 4 weeks. " 01/01/1990 - "In vitro marrow hemopoietic cultures were utilized to determine the possible efficacy of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for treating the refractory cytopenias present in the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). " 07/01/1991 - "We conducted a phase II study of the intravenous administration of a glycosylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) for 7-14 d in 41 patients with the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). " 07/01/1991 - "A phase II trial of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the myelodysplastic syndromes."
7.	Thalidomide (Thalomid)FDA Link 08/01/2012 - "This phase II study aimed to examine the efficacy of thalidomide in Taiwanese patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). " 08/15/2006 - "Thalidomide has shown promise for the treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. " 03/01/2002 - "Efficacy of thalidomide in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes." 08/01/2012 - "Thalidomide for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome in Taiwan: results of a phase II trial." 08/01/2011 - "The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of thalidomide on long-term bone marrow cultures from patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. "
8.	fludarabineIBA 01/01/2012 - "Early-onset therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome originating from prolonged myelosuppression after fludarabine-based therapy." 02/01/2008 - "Forty-three AML or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients were treated with a fludarabine and low-dose total-body irradiation (TBI)-based pretransplantation regimen. " 03/01/2006 - "[Inhibition effect of fludarabine on the growth of myelodysplastic syndrome cell line MUTZ-1 and its mechanism]." 01/01/2001 - "First line therapy with fludarabine combinations in 42 patients with either post myelodysplastic syndrome or therapy related acute myeloid leukaemia." 10/01/2001 - "A fludarabine-based dose-reduced conditioning regimen followed by allogeneic stem cell transplantation from related or unrelated donors in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome."
9.	Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2006 - "Successful therapy with ATG and cyclosporine A in some myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients led us to study the existence of T cells attacking autologous hemopoietic cells. " 01/01/2010 - "To evaluate the efficacy of cyclosporin A (CsA) in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and to identify determinants of a response to this therapy. " 01/01/2007 - "A multicenter prospective study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of cyclosporin A (CsA) in 32 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. " 10/17/2006 - "To evaluate the efficacy of cyclosporin A (CsA) in treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). " 07/01/2004 - "Response to cyclosporine therapy in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome: a clinical study of 12 cases and literature review."
10.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 10/20/2015 - "This study reports the efficacy of a non-specific DNA vaccine, pVAX14Flipper (pVAX14), in both APL and high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (HR-MDS) models. " 01/01/2009 - "To reverse methylation-induced gene repression, DNA hypomethylating agents are currently in clinical trials for various malignancies, with two of these now approved for the therapy of myelodysplastic syndrome, and the efficacy of these drugs can be assessed by the monitoring of global DNA methylation levels. " 02/28/2013 - "The ability of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) to induce terminal differentiation in fibroblasts was first noted by Taylor and Jones in 1979; Silverman and Holland reported hematologic improvement in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in 1993. " 01/01/2002 - "[Study on apoptosis in myelodysplastic syndromes by DNA in situ end labelling combined with APAAP]." 09/01/1999 - "Study of p53 in elderly patients with myelodysplastic syndromes by immunohistochemistry and DNA analysis."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 10/01/1997 - "Most patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) who achieve a complete remission under aggressive chemotherapy develop a recurrence within 18 to 24 months. " 01/01/2013 - "The study included 36 AML patients (median age 77 years, range 48 to 90 years) unfit for conventional intensive chemotherapy; 11 patients responded to the treatment according to the myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) response criteria and two of these responders achieved complete hematological remission. " 12/01/2013 - "Until recently, the treatment of higher risk myelodysplastic syndrome was based on [1] Intensive chemotherapy using anthracycline-AraC combinations, leading to a lower complete remission rates and a shorter CR duration compared with de novo AML [2], low dose chemotherapy with limited CR rate mainly restricted to patients with normal karyotype. " 08/01/2000 - "Standard antileukemic chemotherapy induces complete remission in approximately half of patients with high-risk (HR) myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). " 03/01/2011 - "With acceptable adverse effect, the low dose chemotherapy in combination with VPA regimen is effective for the treatment of intermediate and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. "
2.	Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation 05/01/2015 - "Complete and sustained remission of spondyloarthritis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for myelodysplastic syndrome." 01/01/2014 - "Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) offers a potential cure for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who are ineligible for standard-intensity regimens. " 06/01/2010 - "The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility and efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). " 06/01/2009 - "This study was purposed to explore the efficacy of hematopoietic reconstitution and survival of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). " 01/01/2015 - "To evaluate the clinical efficacy of treating myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) combined with Chinese medical syndrome typing. "
3.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 01/01/2000 - "The most important findings are no early transplantation-related mortality, remission inversion in a majority of patients, and so far no cases of secondary myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) acute myelogenous leukaemias (AML). " 04/01/2009 - "In a multivariate analysis significant factors for relapse were not being in complete remission at the time of transplantation (p=0.002), abnormal cytogenetics (p=0.005), higher patients' age (p=0.03) and therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (p=0.04), while higher non-relapse mortality was influenced by higher patients' age. " 01/01/2002 - "The objectives of this study were to develop transplantation regimens for patients with advanced myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) that would be associated with low transplantation-related mortality and improved relapse-free survival. " 01/01/2010 - "Transplantation is the only known cure for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). " 04/01/2006 - "The efficacy of unrelated cord blood transplantation for adult myelodysplastic syndrome."
4.	Transplants (Transplant) 04/01/2011 - "Considering the rare occurrence of CMML, most pharmacotherapeutic and transplant studies combined CMML with myelodysplastic syndrome cases, but some clinical trials specifically investigated the use of demethylating agents in CMML and demonstrated stabilization of the haematological situation or even complete remission in subsets of patients. " 01/01/2013 - "We report the case of a 41-year-old Caucasian woman with relapsed myelodysplastic syndrome and a high blast percentage six months after undergoing an allogeneic transplant who achieved a sustained complete remission after withdrawal of immunosuppression alone. " 03/01/2010 - "A total of 21 out of 22 patients with AML/myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) achieved remission after transplant (16 with relapsed/refractory AML). " 09/01/1996 - "Of five patients who achieved a CR, three relapsed on days 539, 737 and 1706 and died on days 1759, 1596 and 1736, respectively; one patient died of myelodysplastic syndrome on day 1407 without evidence of MM and one patient is alive and disease-free 3297 days after transplant. " 10/01/2014 - "Multicenter biologic assignment trial comparing reduced-intensity allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant to hypomethylating therapy or best supportive care in patients aged 50 to 75 with intermediate-2 and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome: Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network #1102 study rationale, design, and methods."
5.	Bone Marrow Transplantation (Transplantation, Bone Marrow) 11/01/1997 - "Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is an effective treatment for myelodysplastic syndromes, providing a probable cure in about one-third of cases overall. " 08/01/2003 - "We report a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome who underwent an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation during the first remission. " 03/01/2006 - "[Study on unrelated donor allogeneic bone marrow transplantation with Bu-CY2 conditioning regimen for myelodysplastic syndrome]." 04/01/2004 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in children with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). " 07/01/1996 - "Factors influencing outcome in de novo myelodysplastic syndromes treated by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: a long-term study of 71 patients Société Française de Greffe de Moelle."