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Mustard Gas (Sulfur Mustard)

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Severe irritant and vesicant of skin, eyes, and lungs. It may cause blindness and lethal lung edema and was formerly used as a war gas. The substance has been proposed as a cytostatic and for treatment of psoriasis. It has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985) (Merck, 11th ed).

Also Known As:

Sulfur Mustard; Yperite; Bis(beta-chloroethyl) Sulfide; Di-2-chloroethyl Sulfide; Mustardgas; Psoriazin; Yellow Cross Liquid; Di 2 chloroethyl Sulfide; Gas, Mustard; Mustard, Sulfur; Sulfide, Di-2-chloroethyl; Sulfide, Dichlorodiethyl; Dichlorodiethyl Sulfide; Ethane, 1,1'-thiobis(2-chloro)-

Networked: 518 relevant articles (23 outcomes, 58 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Organic Chemicals: 58
- Hydrocarbons: 412
  - Halogenated Hydrocarbons: 31
    - Mustard Compounds: 2
      - Mustard Gas: 518
        2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide: 60
        2-chloroethyl butyl sulfide: 1
        acridine yperite

Experts

1.	Ghanei, Mostafa: 60 articles (11/2015 - 05/2002)
2.	Aslani, Jafar: 20 articles (08/2012 - 11/2004)
3.	White, Carl W: 18 articles (05/2015 - 05/2010)
4.	Panahi, Yunes: 17 articles (11/2015 - 06/2005)
5.	Shohrati, Majid: 15 articles (08/2014 - 01/2007)
6.	Harandi, Ali Amini: 12 articles (07/2015 - 12/2006)
7.	Tewari-Singh, Neera: 11 articles (05/2015 - 06/2010)
8.	Agarwal, Rajesh: 11 articles (05/2015 - 06/2010)
9.	Kadar, Tamar: 11 articles (12/2014 - 10/2003)
10.	Dachir, Shlomit: 11 articles (12/2014 - 01/2006)

Related Diseases

1.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma) 03/01/2007 - "Before sulfur mustard (HD) injuries can be effectively treated, assessment of lesion depth must occur. " 12/01/2014 - "This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a treatment with activated macrophages on ameliorating acute and long-term sulfur mustard (SM) induced skin injuries in the hairless guinea pig (HGP) model. " 01/01/2006 - "The objective was to examine the efficacy of several treatment regimens in improving wound healing of cutaneous sulfur mustard (HD) injuries. " 01/01/2006 - "Improved wound healing of cutaneous sulfur mustard injuries in a weanling pig model." 01/01/2005 - "Wound healing of cutaneous sulfur mustard injuries: strategies for the development of improved therapies."
2.	Pruritus (Itching) 09/01/2012 - "Management of sulfur mustard-induced chronic pruritus: a review of clinical trials." 01/01/2007 - "The study population consisted of 75 patients with chronic pruritus due to sulfur mustard exposure. " 04/01/2013 - "One of the foremost negative effects of sulfur mustard (SM) is chronic pruritus, which affects the quality-of-life. " 04/01/2013 - "Relationship between levels of IFNγ, TNFα, and TGFβ and pruritus in sulfur mustard-exposed veterans." 06/01/2008 - "Impact of pruritus on quality of life in sulfur mustard-exposed Iranian veterans."
3.	Bronchiolitis 01/01/2014 - "Chronic bronchiolitis is the most important problems of chemical victims of mustard gas. " 01/01/2010 - "The Role of Fas-FasL Signaling Pathway in Induction of Apoptosis in Patients with Sulfur Mustard-Induced Chronic Bronchiolitis." 01/01/2006 - "Bronchiolitis has been known to be among the main the pathological features of lung lesions in Mustard Gas (MG) exposed patients. " 02/01/2004 - "Chronic bronchiolitis in a 5-yr-old child after exposure to sulphur mustard gas." 06/01/2005 - "Bronchiolitis has been known as one of the pathological features of lung injuries in mustard gas exposed patients.The"
4.	Blister (Bulla) 09/01/2009 - "The primary emphasis of this program has been the development of therapeutic protection against sulfur mustard and its cutaneous pathology-blister formation. " 09/01/2015 - "A highly sensitive method for real-time air-monitoring of mustard gas (bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, HD), which is a lethal blister agent, is proposed. " 08/01/2015 - "Sulfur mustard (SM) is a blister-forming agent and can cause damages in various momentous human organs. " 03/01/2015 - "The chemical weapon sulfur mustard (SM) is a blister agent, and currently, there is no effective antidote. " 04/21/2014 - "Sulfur mustard (SM) is a highly reactive alkylating vesicant and causes blisters upon contact with skin, eyes, and respiratory organs. "
5.	Poisoning 09/01/2010 - "This qualitative study aims to provide greater insight into how war veterans live with the consequences of the poisoning and involved 17 Iranian war veterans who had been poisoned by sulfur mustard during the Iran-Iraq conflict. " 11/01/2014 - "Patients with long-term complications of sulfur mustard (SM) poisoning are often less able to undertake optimum levels of physical activity and adequately control their dietary intake. " 12/05/2013 - "For sulfur mustard poisoning no specific antidote is available until now. " 03/01/2012 - "The ocular complications of mustard gas poisoning and their association with the respiratory system involvement: an experience in 112 Iranian veterans." 09/01/2011 - "To investigate late toxic effects of sulfur mustard (SM) on the upper and lower respiratory tracts of Iranian veterans, 43 male veterans with more than 25% disability due to SM poisoning in 20-25 years after exposure, were studied. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Betamethasone (Celestone)
2.	Recombinant Interferon-gamma (Interferon gamma, Recombinant)
3.	Hydroxyzine (Vistaril)
4.	Doxepin (Mareen)
5.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)
6.	Prednisolone (Predate)
7.	Acetylcysteine (Siran)
8.	Clarithromycin (Biaxin)
9.	Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
10.	Omeprazole (Esomeprazole)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Skin Transplantation (Skin Grafting)
2.	Debridement
3.	Lasers (Laser)
4.	Contact Lenses
5.	Transplants (Transplant)