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Muscular Atrophy (Muscle Atrophy)

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Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.

Also Known As:

Muscle Atrophy; Atrophy, Muscle; Neurotrophic Muscular Atrophy; Atrophies, Muscle; Atrophies, Muscular; Atrophies, Neurogenic Muscular; Atrophies, Neurotrophic Muscular; Atrophy, Muscular; Atrophy, Neurogenic Muscular; Atrophy, Neurotrophic Muscular; Muscle Atrophies; Muscular Atrophies; Muscular Atrophies, Neurogenic; Muscular Atrophies, Neurotrophic; Muscular Atrophy, Neurogenic; Muscular Atrophy, Neurotrophic; Neurogenic Muscular Atrophies; Neurotrophic Muscular Atrophies; Neurogenic Muscular Atrophy

Networked: 1938 relevant articles (63 outcomes, 210 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Hypertrophy
2.	Atrophy
3.	Inflammation
4.	Cachexia
5.	Paralysis (Palsy)

Experts

1.	Powers, Scott K: 16 articles (11/2014 - 02/2005)
2.	Sandri, Marco: 14 articles (06/2015 - 08/2002)
3.	Hasselgren, Per-Olof: 14 articles (10/2013 - 10/2004)
4.	Goldberg, Alfred L: 12 articles (01/2015 - 11/2002)
5.	Tisdale, Michael J: 12 articles (12/2014 - 06/2005)
6.	Mitch, William E: 12 articles (03/2014 - 01/2004)
7.	Nikawa, Takeshi: 11 articles (05/2015 - 02/2009)
8.	Bauman, William A: 11 articles (01/2015 - 09/2005)
9.	Price, S Russ: 11 articles (08/2014 - 01/2004)
10.	Lecker, Stewart H: 11 articles (06/2014 - 11/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Muscular Atrophy:

1.	UbiquitinIBA 01/01/2005 - "MURF-1, the only family member expressed throughout development, has been implicated in several studies as an ubiquitin ligase that is upregulated in response to multiple stimuli during muscle atrophy. " 07/01/2000 - "The aim of the present study is to compare the cross-section area (CSA) and the immunoreactivity of conjugated-ubiquitin in soleus extrafusal and intrafusal fibers after simulated-microgravity in order to demonstrate the role of muscle spindle in muscle atrophy induced by simulated microgravity." 06/01/2015 - "The expression of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 19 (USP19) is upregulated during muscle atrophy and by E₂-activated ERα. " 02/13/2015 - "HDAC6 is able to interact with MAFbx, a key ubiquitin ligase involved in muscle atrophy. " 01/01/2013 - "We have reported that Cbl-b ubiquitin ligase is a master regulator of unloading-associated muscle atrophy. "
2.	Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-1)IBA 04/01/2002 - "At the 18th week, wobbler mice treated with IGF-I + GAGs still showed significantly improved forelimb function, reduced muscle atrophy and a higher number of cervical motor neurones. " 11/01/2006 - "IKK2-depleted mice with a muscle-specific transgene expressing a local Igf-1 isoform (mIgf-1) showed enhanced protection against muscle atrophy. " 09/01/2009 - "Animal studies have revealed the important role of IGF-I in preventing muscle atrophy and enabled investigators to determine the hierarchy of signaling pathways and events within each pathway that are modulated by IGF-I. These discoveries provide opportunity for future studies to target these important signaling events and develop strategies to reverse loss of muscle mass that accompanies these catabolic states. " 08/01/2008 - "The goal of the present study was to identify the intracellular mediators responsible for the IGF-I anti-atrophic action in GC-induced muscle atrophy. " 05/01/2007 - "This study suggests that induction of IGF-I expression and Akt phosphorylation during recovery from muscle atrophy is independent of the magnitude of muscle regrowth. "
3.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)IBA 07/01/2006 - "These findings suggest that the decrease of those antioxidant proteins, particularly a marked decrease of Trx-1, may be responsible for the enhanced oxidative damage during the late phase of disuse muscle atrophy. " 08/01/2011 - "The current study analyzed time-course alterations in regulatory genes and proteins in the unloaded soleus muscle and the effects of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation on muscle atrophy and abundance of molecules that regulate protein turnover. " 03/01/2011 - "Recently, studies identifying new target substrates for MAFbx/atrogin-1 and MuRF1, outside of their response to the initiation of muscle atrophy, suggest that there is more to these proteins than previously appreciated. " 06/01/2009 - "Although muscle atrophy has long been recognized in IBM, these studies are the first to report specific proteins which are reduced in quantity in IBM muscle." 11/01/2015 - "The dysregulated proteins may play a role in muscle atrophy and the recovery process."
4.	Testosterone (Sustanon)FDA Link 02/01/2002 - "However, in humans, no study seems to demonstrate a role of testosterone on muscular atrophy or penile neurologic control. " 01/01/1994 - "The purpose of this study was to test whether the lack of testicular growth found in suspended rats would affect testosterone production in a way that might have consequences on muscle atrophy and function studies. " 08/01/2015 - "The contribution of reduced testosterone levels to tail suspension (TS)-induced muscle atrophy remains equivocal. " 01/01/2012 - "Testosterone partially protected against muscle atrophy and gene expression changes caused by 1 day of MP." 01/01/2012 - "High-dose testosterone reduced expression of muscle atrophy genes more than did low dose. "
5.	LigasesIBA 01/01/2008 - "Here, we show that intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) in mice resulted in higher level of ROS and greater expression of muscle-specific E3 ubiqitin ligases, muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx)/atrogin-1 and muscle RING finger-1 (MuRF1), in glycolytic white vastus lateralis muscle than in oxidative soleus muscle. " 11/04/2011 - "Blocking the expression of these two ubiquitin ligases provides protection against muscle atrophy. " 01/01/2007 - "The present study determined whether thermal injury increases the expression of the ubiquitin (Ub) E3 ligases referred to as muscle ring finger (MuRF)-1 and muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx; aka atrogin-1), which are muscle specific and responsible for the increased protein breakdown observed in other catabolic conditions. " 05/01/2015 - "Muscle atrophy F-Box (MAFbx)/atrogin-1 and muscle ring-finger-1 (MuRF-1) have been identified as two muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases that are highly expressed in skeletal muscle during muscle atrophy. " 01/01/2015 - "Finally, we identify FoxO-dependent ubiquitin ligases including MUSA1 and a previously uncharacterised ligase termed SMART (Specific of Muscle Atrophy and Regulated by Transcription). "
6.	Dexamethasone (Maxidex)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2015 - "The results from the present study support the hypothesis that FS has a favorable ameliorating effect on muscle atrophy induced by dexamethasone, by exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on muscle fibers, which may be due to an increase in protein synthesis and a decrease in protein degradation." 01/01/2014 - "In the present study, we investigated the effect of HMB on dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in rats. " 10/01/2011 - "The goal of this study was to determine whether deletion of MuRF1 or MAFbx attenuates muscle atrophy after 2 weeks of treatment with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX). " 09/01/2015 - "Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) extract prevents dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy by inhibiting the muscle degradation pathway in Sprague Dawley rats." 07/01/2015 - "Adult SPF/VAT outbred CrljOri:CD1 (ICR) mice were either treated with dexamethasone to induce muscle atrophy. "
7.	ClenbuterolIBA 01/01/2011 - "Randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial of clenbuterol in denervated muscle atrophy." 07/01/2001 - "The attenuated muscle atrophy found with clenbuterol in the present study provides cellular evidence for the reported change in muscle strength after its administration after knee surgery. " 07/01/2001 - "Clenbuterol in the prevention of muscle atrophy: a study of hindlimb-unweighted rats." 05/01/2012 - "They then evaluated the effects of 8 weeks of treadmill training in Tx mice that received BCD or BCD + clenbuterol, a monoaminergic agent with anabolic properties, on locomotor function, muscle atrophy, adipose tissue loss, and bone density measures. " 02/01/2007 - "Clenbuterol and other beta2-adrenergic agonists are effective at inducing muscle growth and attenuating muscle atrophy through unknown mechanisms. "
8.	superoxide dismutase 1IBA 03/27/2015 - "In this study we analyzed the effects of ALS on bone using the well established G93A transgenic mouse model, which harbors an ALS-causing mutation in the gene encoding superoxide dismutase 1. We found that 4-month-old G93A mice with severe muscle atrophy had dramatically reduced trabecular and cortical bone mass compared with their sex-matched wild type (WT) control littermates. " 12/01/2013 - "Muscle-restricted expression of the fALS protein mutSOD1 (mutant superoxide dismutase 1) induces muscle atrophy and motoneuron death. " 01/01/2015 - "Importantly, we also observed an induction of Notch3 and Hes1 expression in two murine models of muscle atrophy: a doxorubicin-induced cachexia model and an ALS murine model expressing mutated superoxide dismutase 1. In both models, the induction of Notch3 and Hes1 were partially opposed by AGT251, which correlated with ameliorations in body and muscle weight, reduction of muscular atrophy markers, and improved survival. "
9.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 04/01/1996 - "DNA enzyme immunoassay for improved molecular detection of deletions in spinal muscular atrophies." 01/01/1997 - "DNA-diagnosis was performed in 16 patients with clinical pattern of bulbospinal muscular atrophy and diagnosis was confirmed in 11 patients. " 01/01/1997 - "[DNA-diagnosis of bulbospinal muscular atrophy (Kennedy's disease)]." 11/01/1996 - "Six weeks of immobilization led to further muscle atrophy compared with the initial biopsy and a further reduction in the cross-sectional area of both type I and II fibres (29% and 36% decrease respectively) and in the protein-DNA ratio (25%). " 02/01/1994 - "The DNA diagnosis for bulbospinal muscular atrophy."
10.	Vitamin E FDA LinkGeneric 04/15/2013 - "8 affected (case) adult horses with acute (n = 3) or chronic (5) gross muscle atrophy that improved with vitamin E treatment and 14 clinically normal (control) adult horses with adequate (within reference range; 8) or low (6) muscle concentrations of α-tocopherol. " 04/15/2013 - "Histopathologic findings in the sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis muscle of horses with vitamin E-responsive muscle atrophy and weakness." 12/01/1998 - "These results show that CTC leads to oxidative stress in rat skeletal muscles and that vitamin E has roles in reducing the oxidative stress which causes muscle atrophy." 04/01/1997 - "It is suggested that oxidative stress plays a role in initiating muscle atrophy, and supplementation of vitamin E prior to and during the early phase of immobilization is recommended. " 01/01/2004 - "These results indicate that electrical stimulation and vitamin E treatment alone, or in combination, were able to prevent the effects of denervation on muscle atrophy."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Denervation 08/01/2009 - "Our results might prove to be beneficial in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of denervation-induced muscle atrophy." 01/01/1996 - "Such treatment has been shown to be effective and tolerance is good; histological modifications (muscle atrophy, denervation and axonal sprouts) have been observed. " 10/01/1996 - "These results show that LIF ameliorates denervation-induced muscle atrophy and improves regeneration of muscle and nerve." 06/15/2015 - "As our previous study showed that heat stress increased the numbers of mitochondria in skeletal muscle, we evaluated whether heat stress treatment could have a beneficial impact on denervation-induced loss of mitochondria and subsequent muscle atrophy. " 06/01/2015 - "In this study, the Atp7a gene was specifically deleted in the motor neurons of mice, resulting in a degenerative phenotype consistent with the clinical features in affected patients with SMAX3, including the progressive deterioration of gait, age-dependent muscle atrophy, denervation of neuromuscular junctions and a loss of motor neuron cell bodies. "
2.	Resistance Training 11/01/2007 - "The present study was undertaken to determine if resistance training, with increased volume (3-s contractions) and incorporating both static and dynamic components, would be effective in preventing unloading-induced muscle atrophy. " 07/01/2005 - "Previous studies show that cessation of resistance training, commonly known as "detraining," is associated with strength loss, decreased neural drive, and muscular atrophy. " 11/01/2015 - "We aimed to investigate the changes underpinning SD-induced muscle atrophy and the impact of this condition on rats that were previously submitted to resistance training (RT). " 07/01/2012 - "Task-specific resistance will benefit those in need of strength training through a joint's range of motion, including astronauts who need to counteract muscle atrophy during prolonged spaceflight. " 09/01/2011 - "Resistance training and neuromuscular electrical stimulation have been applied safely in frail, hospitalised patients and have the potential to prevent muscle atrophy. "
3.	Tenotomy 10/06/2011 - "The total amount of muscle loss, as measured by wet weight and muscle fiber size, was equivalent between models on day 14, although tenotomy resulted in a more rapid induction of muscle atrophy. " 10/06/2010 - "We sought to validate a rotator cuff injury model in the rabbit and to test the hypothesis that tenotomy of a rotator cuff tendon would consistently create muscle atrophy and fatty degeneration analogous to the changes that occur after injury to a nerve innervating the same muscle. " 09/01/2004 - "After the tendon release, muscular atrophy developed and there was a significant increase (p < 0.001) in interfascicular and intrafascicular fat, representing fatty infiltration rather than fatty degeneration. " 09/25/1981 - "Muscle atrophy and associated histological changes were detectable 24 h after tenotomy, and increased progressively over the first week. " 01/01/1964 - "THE EFFECT OF DEAFFERENTATION UPON MUSCLE ATROPHY DUE TO TENOTOMY IN RATS."
4.	Injections 09/27/2013 - "Although considered safe, previous studies have shown that BTX-A injections cause muscle atrophy and deterioration in target and non-target muscles. " 12/01/2015 - "To date, few data are available, but all show a structural and mechanical muscle impact post injections, specifically muscle atrophy which can linger over time. " 01/01/2015 - "Muscular atrophy was correlated with the number of BT injections and with the time until an MRI was performed. " 05/01/2013 - "Cell injections may reduce muscle atrophy and could benefit nerve injury patients." 01/04/2011 - "Similar, but less pronounced results were also observed for the quadriceps muscles of the contralateral hindlimbs, suggesting that repeat BTX-A injections cause muscle atrophy and loss of contractile tissue in target muscles and also in non-target muscles that are far removed from the injection site."
5.	Oral Administration 12/15/2012 - "The repeated oral administration of PQQ (20 and 40mg/kg, once a day for 4 weeks, from day 1 after the injury) attenuated both thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia, and also attenuated the muscle atrophy. " 08/01/2012 - "Oral administration of Ki26894 increased muscle mass and strength in vivo in wild-type mice, and improved muscle atrophy and weakness in the CAV3(P104L) mice. " 09/01/1997 - "The effects of oral administration of branched-chain amino acids on the progression of muscle weakness and muscle atrophy induced by the administration of IDPN in the drinking water, were investigated in this study. " 11/01/2006 - "In a small subset of animals, however, oral administration of Adjudin (50 mg per kg body weight (b.w.) for 29 d) resulted in adverse effects such as liver inflammation and muscle atrophy. " 01/20/2012 - "In the DMRV/hIBM mouse model, which exhibits hyposialylation in various tissues in addition to muscle atrophy, weakness, and degeneration, we recently have demonstrated that the myopathic phenotype was prevented by oral administration of N-acetylneuraminic acid, N-acetylmannosamine, and sialyllactose, underscoring the crucial role of hyposialylation in the disease pathomechanism. "