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Multiple Personality Disorder (Multiple Personalities)

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A dissociative disorder in which the individual adopts two or more distinct personalities. Each personality is a fully integrated and complex unit with memories, behavior patterns and social friendships. Transition from one personality to another is sudden.

Also Known As:

Multiple Personalities; Dissociative Identity Disorder; Multiple Personality; Dual Personality; Multiple Identity Disorder; Disorder, Dissociative Identity; Disorder, Multiple Identity; Disorder, Multiple Personality; Identity Disorder, Dissociative; Identity Disorder, Multiple; Multiple Identity Disorders; Multiple Personality Disorders; Personalities, Dual; Personalities, Multiple; Personality Disorder, Multiple; Personality Disorders, Multiple; Personality, Dual; Personality, Multiple

Networked: 98 relevant articles (2 outcomes, 3 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Mental Disorders: 2989
- Dissociative Disorders: 86
  - Multiple Personality Disorder: 98

Related Diseases

1.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)
2.	Multiple Personality Disorder (Multiple Personalities)
3.	Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD)
4.	Dissociative Disorders (Fugue)
5.	Borderline Personality Disorder (Personality Disorders, Borderline)

Experts

1.	Nijenhuis, Ellert R S: 3 articles (03/2015 - 01/2013)
2.	Chalavi, Sima: 2 articles (03/2015 - 01/2013)
3.	Reinders, Antje A T S: 2 articles (03/2015 - 01/2014)
4.	Schlumpf, Yolanda R: 2 articles (01/2014 - 01/2013)
5.	Luechinger, Roger: 2 articles (01/2014 - 01/2013)
6.	Jäncke, Lutz: 2 articles (01/2014 - 01/2013)
7.	Cascalho, Marilia: 1 article (09/2015)
8.	Platt, Jeffrey L: 1 article (09/2015)
9.	Draijer, Nel: 1 article (03/2015)
10.	Giesen, Mechteld E: 1 article (03/2015)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Multiple Personality Disorder:

1.	Risperidone (Risperdal Consta)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2012 - "Dissociative identity disorder may be relieved by the combined treatments of mirtazapine and risperidone: case report of an adolescent."
2.	Lorazepam (Ativan)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2014 - "We report a case of a 16-year-old female with dissociative identity disorder (DID) that was treated with lorazepam-assisted interview and there was rapid improvement in symptoms after the interview. " 01/01/2014 - "First reported case of Lorazepam-assisted interview in a young Indian female presenting with dissociative identity disorder and improvement in symptoms after the interview."
3.	mirtazapine (Rexer)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2012 - "Dissociative identity disorder may be relieved by the combined treatments of mirtazapine and risperidone: case report of an adolescent."
4.	Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)IBA 01/01/2013 - "The Theory of Structural Dissociation of the Personality (TSDP) proposes that dissociative identity disorder (DID) patients are fixed in traumatic memories as "Emotional Parts" (EP), but mentally avoid these as "Apparently Normal Parts" of the personality (ANP). " 01/01/2014 - "In accordance with the Theory of Structural Dissociation of the Personality (TSDP), studies of dissociative identity disorder (DID) have documented that two prototypical dissociative subsystems of the personality, the "Emotional Part" (EP) and the "Apparently Normal Part" (ANP), have different biopsychosocial reactions to supraliminal and subliminal trauma-related cues and that these reactions cannot be mimicked by fantasy prone healthy controls nor by actors. "
5.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 04/01/2006 - "This article is co-authored by a nurse and a person who has lived with alters (multiple personalities) for nearly all of her life. " 01/01/2000 - "Prospective studies provide sufficient evidence to causally link CSA to a number of areas of adult psychopathology including multiple, co-morbid psychiatric conditions, and possibly to link early parent-infant attachment pathology to the development of borderline and dissociative identity disorder." 10/01/1983 - "Co-consciousness: a common denominator in hypnosis, multiple personality, and normalcy." 03/30/2015 - "We acquired brain structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from 17 patients with dissociative identity disorder (DID) and co-morbid PTSD (DID-PTSD) and 16 patients with PTSD but without DID (PTSD-only), and 32 healthy controls (HC), and compared their whole-brain cortical and subcortical gray matter (GM) morphological measurements. " 01/01/2014 - "Co-occurrence of dissociative identity disorder and borderline personality disorder."
6.	IronIBA 05/01/2013 - "Reply to "The Dual personality of iron chelators: growth inhibitors or promoters?"." 05/01/2013 - "The dual personality of iron chelators: growth inhibitors or promoters?"
7.	Growth InhibitorsIBA 05/01/2013 - "Reply to "The Dual personality of iron chelators: growth inhibitors or promoters?"." 05/01/2013 - "The dual personality of iron chelators: growth inhibitors or promoters?"
8.	Chelating AgentsIBA 05/01/2013 - "Reply to "The Dual personality of iron chelators: growth inhibitors or promoters?"." 05/01/2013 - "The dual personality of iron chelators: growth inhibitors or promoters?"
9.	Carbamazepine (Tegretol)FDA LinkGeneric 10/15/1992 - "The use of carbamazepine for episodic violence in multiple personality disorder and dissociative disorder not otherwise specified: two additional cases." 12/01/1992 - "To assess the effect of carbamazepine (CBZ) upon total serum cholesterol, we examined 38 inpatients with affective illness and one with multiple personality disorder who received a course of CBZ monotherapy. "
10.	Amobarbital (Amsal)IBA 08/01/1986 - "Chance discovery of multiple personality disorder in a depressed patient by amobarbital interview." 09/01/1978 - "Amobarbital treatment of multiple personality. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Hypnosis (Mesmerism) 01/01/2002 - "This study compared the reports of satanic, sexual, and physical abuse of persons instructed to role-play either dissociative identity disorder (DID) (n = 33), major depression (n = 33), or a college student who experienced minor adjustment problems ("normal") (n = 33) across a number of trials that included role-played hypnosis. " 03/01/1984 - "The study of multiple personalities offers insights into the capabilities of hypnosis, the genesis of an unconscious, and the mechanism of repression." 01/01/2015 - "In this transcription of a lecture given in 2000, Jay Haley begins by answering the question, "What is hypnosis?" Haley reviews the circumstances of Gregory Bateson encouraging him to meet with Milton Erickson to discuss the history of hypnosis and the paradoxical nature of trance induction. Haley expresses many original thoughts about multiple personalities, regression to past lives, and how to handle memories that historically may be false. Sophisticated and subtle, this is Haley at his best. " 10/01/2009 - "This paper has reviewed the author's experience with hypnosis and related therapies from 1934 through World War II, psychological warfare, multiple personality, the origins and feuding of hypnosis societies, the development of hypnotic ego state therapy and the unique contributions of his colleague and wife, Helen Watkins." 01/01/2004 - "It may be that there is some basis to this belief and that dreams truly represent a mirror of our unconscious and not only random processes moving along according to some brain "computation." These ideas are supported by some findings that involve connections among dissociative processes, hypnosis, and multiple personality disorder (MPD). "
2.	Occupational Therapy (Therapy, Occupational) 10/01/1993 - "An occupational therapy perspective in the treatment of multiple personality disorder." 11/01/1990 - "Occupational therapy can act as a stabilizing force for the person with multiple personality disorder through the enhancement of function and competency during the psychotherapeutic process." 11/01/1990 - "There is little occupational therapy literature that addresses the profession's efficacy in the treatment of persons with multiple personality disorder, yet the characteristics and complexity of this disorder render it one that can gain much from occupational therapy intervention. " 11/01/1990 - "This article examines the prevalence and complexity of multiple personality disorder as well as the contributions that psychiatry and occupational therapy make in its treatment. " 11/01/1990 - "This paper has described early occupational therapy interventions with a patient whose condition has been newly diagnosed as multiple personality disorder. "
3.	Role Playing (Playing, Role) 01/01/2006 - "A case of dissociative identity disorder associated with internet role playing]." 08/01/1989 - "Nine patients diagnosed with multiple personality disorder (MPD) and nine control subjects role-playing MPD were given complete ophthalmological examinations to test whether the MPD subjects would show greater variability in visual functioning across alter personalities than would control subjects role-playing MPD. " 01/01/1981 - "It is argued that polytheism and belief in reincarnation and spirits may be related to the possession syndrome, whereas high social approval of deliberate role-playing may foster the multiple personality syndrome." 06/01/1961 - "A case of multiple personality illustrating the transition from role-playing."
4.	Split-Brain Procedure (Split-Brain) 01/01/2002 - "And thirdly, the self is not indivisible, as shown by epileptic patients with a "split-brain" operation, or the psychiatric cases of double personality or the multiple personality disorder." 02/01/2003 - "Analogies employed from the cases of amputation, multiple personality disorder, abortion, split-brain patients and cloning. "
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 02/01/2013 - "Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy for patients with dissociative identity disorder." 12/01/1996 - "Pharmacotherapy of dissociative identity disorder."