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Mitral Valve Prolapse

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Abnormal protrusion or billowing of one or both of the leaflets of MITRAL VALVE into the LEFT ATRIUM during SYSTOLE. This allows the backflow of blood into left atrium leading to MITRAL VALVE INSUFFICIENCY; SYSTOLIC MURMURS; or CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA.

Also Known As:

Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome; Click-Murmur Syndrome, Mitral; Click-Murmur Syndrome, Systolic; Floppy Mitral Valves; Mitral Click Murmur Syndrome; Mitral Valve Prolapses; Mitral Valve, Floppy; Mitral Valves, Floppy; Prolapse, Mitral Valve; Prolapses, Mitral Valve; Syndrome, Mitral Click-Murmur; Syndrome, Systolic Click-Murmur; Systolic Click Murmur Syndrome; Valve Prolapse, Mitral; Valve Prolapses, Mitral; Floppy Mitral Valve; Mitral Click-Murmur Syndrome; Systolic Click-Murmur Syndrome

Networked: 441 relevant articles (10 outcomes, 29 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Cardiovascular Diseases: 37259
- Heart Diseases: 18762
  - Heart Valve Diseases: 960
    - Heart Valve Prolapse
      - Mitral Valve Prolapse: 441
        MASS syndrome: 70
        X-linked familial Mitral valve prolapse: 39
        X-linked Cardiac valvular dysplasia: 17
        Borrone Di Rocco Crovato syndrome
        Cantalamessa Baldini Ambrosi syndrome

Related Diseases

1.	Prolapse
2.	Mitral Valve Insufficiency (Mitral Regurgitation)
3.	Ventricular Tachycardia
4.	Endocarditis
5.	Panic Disorder (Panic Attack)

Experts

1.	Tsai, Fuu-Jen: 10 articles (08/2004 - 02/2002)
2.	Chou, Hsiang-Tai: 10 articles (08/2004 - 02/2002)
3.	Shi, Yi-Ru: 7 articles (07/2003 - 02/2002)
4.	Chepurnenko, S A: 5 articles (10/2012 - 05/2007)
5.	Chen, Yng-Tay: 5 articles (08/2004 - 11/2002)
6.	Wu, Jer-Yuarn: 4 articles (08/2004 - 02/2002)
7.	Martynov, A I: 3 articles (01/2015 - 01/2008)
8.	Romanelli, Paolo: 3 articles (05/2013 - 06/2006)
9.	Akatova, E V: 3 articles (01/2011 - 04/2001)
10.	Hsu, Yuan: 3 articles (07/2003 - 07/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Mitral Valve Prolapse:

1.	Propranolol (Inderal)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1979 - "Efficacy of propranolol versus placebo in long-term treatment in patients with mitral valve prolapse." 04/01/1977 - "A trial of propranolol may be instituted fro patients with mitral valve prolapse who have severe symptoms and/or arrhythmias, but the drug should only be continued in those who demonstrate clinical and/or antiarrhythmic response." 04/01/1977 - "This study evaluates propranolol's effect on symptoms, arrhythmias, and exercise tolerance in 16 patients with mitral valve prolapse. " 05/01/1994 - "Attenuation of the circadian ST depression with propranolol in mitral valve prolapse." 09/01/1988 - "Response of ventricular arrhythmias to propranolol in mitral valve prolapse."
2.	AprindineIBA 09/01/1980 - "A young woman with mitral valve prolapse and ventricular tachycardia refractory to numerous antiarrhythmics, received a trial of aprindine. " 03/01/1979 - "Aprindine treatment of recurrent ventricular tachycardia in patients with mitral valve prolapse." 07/01/1978 - "The results show that refractory malignant ventricular prolapse syndrome; patients with mitral-valve prolapse account for a rather high percentage of those patients referred with recurrent drug-refractory ventricular tachyarrhythmias; in patients with unexplained ventricular arrhythmias, mitral-valve prolapse should be considered; and aprindine may be effective for ventricular tachyarrhythmias associated with mitral-valve prolapse."
3.	Amiodarone (Amiodarona)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2004 - "A retrospective evaluation was made of a small personal series of patients undergoing mitral valve repair in order to address four contemporary questions: (i) What is the best method of achieving a stable repair in mitral valve prolapse?; (ii) How should patients with pure annular dilatation without prolapse or antecedent ischemia be categorized?; (iii) Are valve procedures in ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR) still associated with less satisfactory early and late outcomes?; and (iv) Is prophylactic amiodarone therapy safe and effective in reducing postoperative arrhythmias? " 06/15/1982 - "[Control of recurrent ventricular tachycardia in a case of mitral valve prolapse and arterial hypertension, using the combination of disopyramide and amiodarone]." 11/01/1985 - "In this study we have examined several forms of arrhythmias associated with mitral valve prolapse and discussed the antiarrhythmic therapy with quinidine, verapamil, amiodarone and propranolol. "
4.	Lactic Acid FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1985 - "The therapeutic efficacy of Mg lactate in 35 patients (4 men and 31 women) suffering from mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and latent tetany attributed to a primary Mg deficit has been studied. " 03/01/1987 - "This study looks at two promising biological markers associated with this patient population-mitral valve prolapse and lactate-induced panic. " 03/01/1987 - "Biological markers in panic states: lactate-induced panic and mitral valve prolapse."
5.	GadoliniumIBA 05/01/2008 - "This study sought to develop cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) diagnostic criteria for mitral valve prolapse (MVP) using echocardiography as the gold standard and to characterize MVP using cine CMR and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE)-CMR. "
6.	Moricizine (Moracizine)FDA Link 04/01/1986 - "In 17 patients with mitral valve prolapse who presented with symptomatic complex ventricular arrhythmias and who were unresponsive to an average of the three conventional agents, moricizine (Ethmozine) was effective in suppressing 90 percent of ventricular premature depolarizations, 99 percent of nonsustained runs of ventricular tachycardia, as well as all sustained runs of ventricular tachycardia, resulting in abolition of palpitations, dizziness, and syncopal episodes. "
7.	Phenobarbital (Luminal)FDA Link 08/01/1997 - "The degree of luminal narrowing, as morphometrically measured, was significantly greater in hearts with mitral valve prolapse (p = 0.003). "
8.	Clomipramine (Anafranil)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1984 - "Thus, clomipramine appears effective in the treatment of spontaneous panic attacks with or without mitral valve prolapse." 01/01/1984 - "Clomipramine treatment for panic attacks in patients with mitral valve prolapse."
9.	magnesium orotateIBA 01/01/2005 - "According to results of clinical and instrumental investigation magnesium orotate (50 mg/day during first week and 25 mg/day thereafter) was found to be effective therapy of children with syndrome of cardiac connective tissue dysplasia (mainly with mitral valve prolapse and anomalous chordae tendineae)."
10.	MagnesiumIBA 01/01/2011 - "[Fifteen years experience of the use of magnesium preparations in patients with mitral valve prolapse]." 03/01/2005 - "The importance of magnesium status in the pathophysiology of mitral valve prolapse." 03/01/2004 - "By contrast, the magnesium concentration in lysates of lymphocytes was significantly lower (p < 0.03) in the patients with mitral valve prolapse syndrome than in the controls (range: 1.94-10.6 mmol/g of protein in Lymphocyte lysate; median 5.98 and 6.7-9.61 mmol/g of protein; median 7.22). " 03/01/2004 - "Is magnesium deficit in lymphocytes a part of the mitral valve prolapse syndrome?" 01/01/2000 - "[Evaluation of magnesium cation levels in serum of patients with mitral valve prolapse syndrome]."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Antibiotic Prophylaxis 11/01/1998 - "Mitral valve prolapse is usually benign but in some cases necessitates antibiotic prophylaxis for delivery. " 05/01/1998 - "Impact of echocardiography on antibiotic prophylaxis with suspected mitral valve prolapse." 04/01/1997 - "To determine the impact of echocardiography on the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with suspected mitral valve prolapse (MVP). " 04/01/1997 - "The clinical impact of echocardiography on antibiotic prophylaxis use in patients with suspected mitral valve prolapse." 01/24/1994 - "Myth 8: All patients with mitral valve prolapse should routinely receive antibiotic prophylaxis for dental procedures. "
2.	Tourniquets 08/01/1981 - "In this study, simultaneous phonocardiograms and echocardiograms were recorded in 16 patients with late systolic mitral valve prolapse before and after the inflation of congesting cuffs (tourniquets) on the upper and lower extremities. "
3.	Traction 07/15/2010 - "Abnormal traction and excursion of the papillary muscle (PM) can be observed in patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and can adversely affect the electrophysiologic stability of the underlying myocardium. " 03/15/1997 - "Papillary muscle traction in mitral valve prolapse--the hen or egg?" 03/01/1992 - "Previous angiographic observations in patients with mitral valve prolapse have suggested that superior leaflet displacement results in abnormal superior tension on the papillary muscle tips that causes their superior traction or displacement. " 03/01/1992 - "Papillary muscle traction in mitral valve prolapse: quantitation by two-dimensional echocardiography." 10/01/1986 - "When the leaflets are larger, as in primary mitral valve prolapse, a negative interference with this balance is achieved, causing an increased traction on the papillary muscles and a concomitant dilatation of the annular ring."
4.	Prostheses and Implants (Prosthesis) 01/01/1997 - "At the age of 32, be had mitral prosthesis for the first time, because of mitral regurgitation due to mitral valve prolapse. " 01/01/1994 - "To assess the regurgitant characteristics of mitral biologic and mechanical prostheses immediately after implantation, intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography was performed in 27 patients, aged 32 to 69 years, undergoing open-heart surgery for rheumatic heart disease (n = 19), mitral valve prolapse (n = 3), malfunctioning prostheses (n = 3), or periprosthetic leaks (n = 2). " 11/01/1995 - "The incidence in the different cardiac diseases was as follows: 0% in rheumatic mitral disease, 23% in aortic valve disease, 17% in mitral and/or aortic valve prosthesis, 29% in congenital heart disease other than interatrial septal defect, 44% in mitral valve prolapse and 92% in atrial septal aneurysm. " 07/01/1988 - "(40%) in group A (coronary artery disease: 5; hypertensive heart disease: 4; mitral valve prolapse: 5; left ventricular aneurysms: 2; aortic valve disease: 2; aortic valve prosthesis: 1; atrial fibrillation: 1) and in 5/66 s. " 10/01/1991 - "Transoesophageal echocardiography showed 59 potential embolic sources in 45 patients including left atrial spontaneous echo contrast (n = 33), left atrial appendage thrombus (n = 13), left ventricular thrombus (n = 5), patent foramen ovale (n = 3), left ventricular spontaneous echo contrast (n = 2), mitral valve prosthesis thrombus (n = 1), mitral valve prolapse (n = 1), and pronounced aortic atheroma (n = 1). "
5.	Sutures (Suture) 08/01/2015 - "The use of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) sutures for the correction of mitral valve prolapse has become a standardized procedure. " 12/01/2011 - "Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene sutures have been used for the replacement of chordae tendineae since 1985, especially for mitral valve prolapse. " 04/01/2001 - "The replacement of tendinous cords using E-PTFE sutures has allowed the indications for the repair of mitral valve prolapse to be extended. " 09/01/1996 - "A diffuse mitral valve prolapse was successfully repaired in 2 patients using polytetrafluoroethylene sutures as artificial chordae. " 07/01/2011 - "Neochordae construction using an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene suture is an accepted surgical technique to correct mitral regurgitation due to mitral valve prolapse. "