Midazolam (Versed)

A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.

Also Known As:

Networked: 2473 relevant articles (295 outcomes, 386 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Nishiyama, Tomoki: 9 articles (10/2006 - 11/2002)
2.	Silbergleit, Robert: 7 articles (08/2015 - 06/2010)
3.	Hirshman, Elliot: 7 articles (07/2006 - 01/2003)
4.	Hanaoka, Kazuo: 6 articles (12/2004 - 11/2002)
5.	Durkalski, Valerie: 5 articles (08/2015 - 10/2011)
6.	McDonough, John H: 5 articles (08/2015 - 04/2003)
7.	Honarmand, Azim: 5 articles (07/2015 - 02/2009)
8.	Rex, Douglas K: 5 articles (03/2014 - 06/2002)
9.	Swart, Eleonora L: 5 articles (04/2013 - 02/2004)
10.	Danhof, Meindert: 5 articles (08/2012 - 02/2004)

Related Diseases

1.	Seizures (Seizure) 04/01/2014 - "Most of the families (91%) found that buccal midazolam was always, or usually, effective in stopping seizures and it prevented hospital admission in 65% of cases. " 12/01/1997 - "There are limited studies that midazolam can be used successfully to treat seizures in adults and children. " 06/01/2015 - "In both models, midazolam produced rapid and dose-dependent protection against seizures (ED50, 0.4 mg/kg). " 11/01/1999 - "Since rapid seizure control minimizes the chance of brain damage, use of midazolam as an anticonvulsant may lead to improved clinical outcome in the treatment of nerve agent seizures." 11/24/2015 - "This meta-analysis of 16 studies found that intramuscular midazolam (IM-MDZ) is superior to other nonvenous medications regarding time to seizure termination after administration (2.145 minutes, 95% CrI 1.308-3.489), time to seizure cessation after arrival in the hospital (3.841 minutes, 95% CrI 2.697-5.416), and time to initiate treatment (0.779 minutes, 95% CrI 0.495-1.221). "
2.	Pain (Aches) 01/01/2013 - "This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of adjunctive midazolam during dressing changes in patients with uncontrolled pain using opioid monotherapy or significant anxiety associated with dressing changes. " 02/01/1993 - "Midazolam causes less pain on injection, a significantly greater degree of early sedation, and a more rapid return to baseline function." 11/01/2008 - "N(2)O was more effective in reducing pain compared with midazolam as measured using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale (p=0.010), parental estimate of pain (p=0.009), and nursing estimate of pain (p=0.007). " 04/01/1994 - "Midazolam 1 mg was effective in the males (from 45% to 10%) and tended to allay patients' pain feeling in the females (from 40% to 23%). " 11/01/1991 - "In these two cases, the addition of midazolam appeared to be effective in controlling intractable neoplastic pain."
3.	Status Epilepticus (Complex Partial Status Epilepticus) 12/01/2006 - "To assess the efficacy of high-dose midazolam in the treatment of refractory status epilepticus in children. " 01/09/2013 - "In 2012, intramuscular midazolam appears as effective as intravenous lorezepam for the first line treatment of convulsive status epilepticus. " 03/01/2003 - "[Proposal to obtain a licensed application for midazolam (Dormicam) as a drug effective for status epilepticus]." 09/01/1999 - "Midazolam infusion, as per our described algorithm, is effective in terminating refractory status epilepticus. " 07/01/1998 - "In conclusion, midazolam infusion is an effective and safe therapeutic approach for the management of childhood status epilepticus."
4.	Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) 01/01/2012 - "The combination of midazolam-dexametazone is more effective than midazolam alone in prevention of postoperative vomiting after middle ear surgery. " 07/01/2015 - "Controlling for baseline differences, patients who received midazolam reported more postoperative sleepiness (P<.001) and less postoperative nausea (P=.004). " 02/01/2011 - "The incidence of postoperative vomiting was 17% with midazolam 50 µg/kg (P = .042) and 13% with midazolam 75 µg/kg (P = .019), compared with placebo (40%). " 08/01/2010 - "The difference in the incidence of PONV between patients receiving midazolam 75 μg/kg and those receiving midazolam 50 μg/kg was not statistically significant. " 07/01/2009 - "Patients in the midazolam group reported a lower incidence of total PONV, and a lower frequency of rescue antiemetic request than those in the placebo group (p < 0.05). "
5.	Amnesia (Dissociative Amnesia) 02/01/2005 - "A significantly greater number of patients in the midazolam group graded overall tolerance as "excellent or good" (70.8% vs. 49.2%, p = 0.012) and reported a partial to complete amnesia response (52.3% vs. 32.3%, p = 0.02) when compared with the control group. " 02/22/1992 - "There was significant amnesia for material presented after drug administration, as well as for dental events and this was significantly greater for midazolam. " 01/01/1990 - "Amnesia for the immediate postoperative period was significantly greater after midazolam (P = 0.0001)." 05/01/1989 - "Midazolam produced significantly greater amnesia both at the time of induction and 30 minutes postoperatively. " 04/01/1985 - "Both drugs provided good-quality sedation, with midazolam producing a significantly greater degree of amnesia. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Diazepam (Valium)
2.	Propofol (Diprivan)
3.	Ketamine
4.	Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
5.	Benzodiazepines
6.	Lorazepam (Ativan)
7.	Morphine (MS Contin)
8.	Dexmedetomidine
9.	Ondansetron (Zofran)
10.	Lidocaine (Xylocaine)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Premedication
2.	Analgesia
3.	Anesthesia
4.	Spinal Anesthesia
5.	Artificial Respiration (Mechanical Ventilation)