Microelectrodes

Electrodes with an extremely small tip, used in a voltage clamp or other apparatus to stimulate or record bioelectric potentials of single cells intracellularly or extracellularly. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Also Known As:

Networked: 1014 relevant articles (26 outcomes, 135 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Therapy Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Hutchison, William D: 13 articles (08/2015 - 04/2003)
2.	Lozano, Andres M: 13 articles (08/2015 - 09/2002)
3.	Dostrovsky, Jonathan O: 11 articles (02/2012 - 04/2003)
4.	Starr, Philip A: 7 articles (04/2009 - 01/2003)
5.	Goodman, Robert R: 6 articles (10/2015 - 11/2005)
6.	Schevon, Catherine A: 6 articles (10/2015 - 12/2008)
7.	Raeva, S N: 6 articles (05/2014 - 06/2004)
8.	Hochberg, Leigh R: 5 articles (11/2015 - 06/2010)
9.	Emerson, Ronald G: 5 articles (10/2015 - 12/2008)
10.	McKhann, Guy M: 5 articles (10/2015 - 11/2005)

Related Diseases

1.	Parkinson Disease (Parkinson's Disease) 09/01/2000 - "Neuropsychological changes 3 months (43 patients) and 12 months (27 patients) after microelectrode-guided pallidotomy for PD are reported in a series of 44 consecutive patients with the disease, who improved neurologically, as measured by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) in both the "off' (p<0.001) and best "on" (p<0.001) states. " 06/01/2006 - "Macrostimulation techniques for mapping, the utility of microelectrode mapping is reflected in its modification of electrode position in 17% to 87% of patients undergoing STN DBS, with average target adjustments of 1 to 4 mm. Nevertheless, with the absence of class I data, and in consideration of the large number of variables that impact clinical outcome, it is not possible to conclude that one technique is superior to the other in so far as motor Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale outcome is concerned. " 12/01/2015 - "Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) using an MRI-guided and MRI-verified technique without microelectrode recording is an effective and safe surgical treatment for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). " 11/01/2012 - "Clinical outcome of subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson's disease is improved by intraoperative multiple trajectories microelectrode recording." 02/01/1998 - "We evaluated the safety and efficacy of microelectrode-guided stereotactic pallidotomy in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). "
2.	Dyskinesias (Dyskinesia) 08/01/1997 - "Involuntary movements during thermolesion predict a better outcome after microelectrode guided posteroventral pallidotomy." 11/01/2005 - "Many surgeons believe that microelectrode recording (MER) during DBS electrode implantation is needed to optimize placement, whereas stimulation-induced side effects such as paresthesias, dystonic contractions, dyskinesias, and ocular motor signs that become apparent postoperatively may be an indicator of the proximity of the electrode to various boundaries of the STN. " 08/01/1997 - "Eight of the first 15 patients with advanced Parkinson's disease who underwent microelectrode guided posteroventral pallidotomy developed transient abnormal involuntary movements during thermolesion, four of whom also did so during high frequency macrostimulation. " 05/01/1989 - "The distribution and generator sources of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in the thalamus and subthalamic area were studied, using a 'semi-microelectrode' during stereotaxic surgery on 34 patients with involuntary movements or intractable pain. " 06/01/2002 - "In reports of patients with PD who underwent unilateral pallidotomy, operations that included microelectrode recording were associated with a small, but significantly higher rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage; however, there was no difference in postoperative reduction of dyskinesia or bradykinesia compared with operations that included macroelectrode stimulation."
3.	Tremor (Tremors) 11/01/1991 - "Modern stereotactic techniques, including microelectrode recording, were used to treat 36 patients, of whom 31 (86%) had complete abolition of tremor and three patients (5%) had significant improvement. " 12/01/2011 - "Previous microelectrode, single-unit recording studies demonstrated that oscillatory interaction within and between basal ganglia nuclei is very often accompanied by synchronization at Parkinsonian rest tremor frequencies (3-10 Hz). " 04/30/2010 - "Spike trains extracted from microelectrode recordings are used to study the relationship of tremor exhibited by neuronal signals to physical tremor as measured with electromyograms (EMG), gyroscopes, or accelerometers. " 01/01/2002 - "In this study we have carried out a quantitative assessment of leg tremor alleviation in 12 patients with PD after MRI-/microelectrode-guided stereotactic ablation of the posterior part of the globus pallidus internus (GPi). " 07/10/2001 - "To explore the effect of stereotactic operation in treatment of dyskinetic disorders with tremor as the main symptom and to study the value of anatomic location and microelectrode functional location. "
4.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 05/01/1993 - "Radiobiological data and measurements with O2 microelectrodes show that EMT6 tumors implanted into aged mice have a higher proportion of radioresistant, hypoxic cells than do tumors implanted into young adult animals; radiation is less effective in killing cells in tumors in old mice than in tumors in young adult mice. " 02/01/2001 - "The purpose of this study was to determine, with a rodent tumor model, if microelectrode measurements of unmodulated tumor oxygenation predict for the avidity of hypoxic markers to tumor tissue. " 06/01/1983 - "Penetration of substances into tumor tissue: a methodological study with microelectrodes and cellular spheroids." 10/01/2015 - "When used for nonenzymatic H2O2 sensing, the resultant modified microelectrode exhibits acceptable sensitivity, reproducibility, stability, and selectivity, which enable it to be used for real-time tracking H2O2 secretion in human cervical cancer cells. " 06/01/2009 - "Data on patient age and gender, tumor T stage and macroscopic surface extension, device used (laser vs. microelectrode dissection (ME)), and presence/absence of a negative cordectomy were compiled. "
5.	Cardiac Arrhythmias (Arrythmia) 07/28/2015 - "Electrophysiological study was performed on perfused isolated left atrium and conventional microelectrodes were used for recording transmenbrane action potentials (tAP), resting membrane potential (RMP), amplitude of APs (APA), maximum upstroke velocity (Vmax), APs duration at 20%, at 50% or at 90% repolarization (APD20, APD50, APD90), atrial effective refractory periods (AERP) and atrial arrhythmia inducibility before and after ISO dosing. " 09/10/2013 - "This study tested whether human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) combined with a low-impedance microelectrode array (MEA) system could improve on industry-standard preclinical cardiotoxicity screening methods, identify the effects of well-characterized drugs, and elucidate underlying risk factors for drug-induced arrhythmia. " 02/01/1984 - "This review includes the following: a brief discussion on the concepts of the mechanics of induction of cardiac arrhythmia; recent studies on sensitization with special reference to the primary locus of this action and the principal mechanisms involved; and the contribution made by microelectrode studies on various types of cardiac tissue and the importance of cardiodynamic effects. " 10/15/2015 - "High-throughput cardiac safety evaluation and multi-parameter arrhythmia profiling of cardiomyocytes using microelectrode arrays." 09/10/2013 - "Screening drug-induced arrhythmia [corrected] using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and low-impedance microelectrode arrays."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Levodopa (L Dopa)
2.	Valinomycin
3.	Nisoldipine
4.	Antral
5.	Neurotransmitter Agents (Neurotransmitter)
6.	Phenobarbital (Luminal)
7.	Oxygen
8.	Potassium
9.	Aconitine
10.	Calcium

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Pallidotomy
2.	Deep Brain Stimulation
3.	Electrodes (Electrode)
4.	Implantable Defibrillators (Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator)
5.	Cochlear Implants (Cochlear Implant)