Methemoglobinemia

The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed)

Also Known As:

Networked: 1198 relevant articles (22 outcomes, 55 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Hemolytic Anemia
2.	Cyanosis
3.	Poisoning
4.	Acute Kidney Injury (Acute Renal Failure)
5.	Purpura

Experts

1.	Ghosh, Kanjaksha: 5 articles (11/2014 - 01/2002)
2.	Warang, Prashant: 4 articles (11/2014 - 05/2008)
3.	Prchal, Josef T: 4 articles (04/2011 - 01/2005)
4.	Barber, Michael J: 4 articles (11/2004 - 07/2003)
5.	Davis, C Ainsley: 4 articles (11/2004 - 07/2003)
6.	Huang, Shiliang: 3 articles (01/2015 - 01/2013)
7.	Rodriguez, Pavel: 3 articles (01/2015 - 01/2013)
8.	Fukami, Tatsuki: 3 articles (01/2015 - 11/2012)
9.	Duong, Timothy Q: 3 articles (01/2015 - 01/2013)
10.	Shen, Qiang: 3 articles (01/2015 - 01/2013)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Methemoglobinemia:

1.	Methylene Blue (Methylthioninium Chloride)FDA Link 03/01/2008 - "The mean levels of MetHb in Gr II was statistically significant after 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hrs of methylene blue therapy as compared to Gr I. Continuous I.V methylene blue therapy causes significant decline in MetHb level and is more effective in treatment of methemoglobinemia as compared to intermittent regimen." 10/01/1988 - "Administration of methylene blue was effective in the reversal of the methemoglobinemia. " 02/01/2015 - "Currently, methylene blue is the drug of choice for the management of methemoglobinemia. " 10/31/2014 - "Here, we tested whether the experimental agent methylene blue (MB), used for treatment of methemoglobinemia, might improve AD-like pathology and behavioral deficits. " 09/01/2014 - "Methylene blue (MB) is used for various clinical purposes, including chromoendoscopy and methemoglobinemia treatment. "
2.	DapsoneFDA Link 08/01/2011 - "Studies are needed to define biologic correlates of methemoglobinemia and evaluate lower dapsone doses for PCP prophylaxis." 07/01/2010 - "We conducted a retrospective observational study of adult ED patients with methemoglobinemia because of dapsone intoxication admitted to a tertiary care hospital from September 2003 to December 2008. " 11/01/2008 - "This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of EP on methemoglobinemia induced by dapsone. " 01/29/2015 - "Methemoglobinemia as a complication of topical dapsone." 01/29/2015 - "Methemoglobinemia as a complication of topical dapsone."
3.	Hemoglobin MIBA 06/01/1977 - "Congenital methemoglobinemia and hemoglobin M disease were excluded by appropriate laboratory studies. " 01/01/1972 - "Congenital methemoglobinemia due to hemoglobin M." 06/01/2008 - "Hemoglobin M variant and congenital methemoglobinemia: methylene blue will not be effective in the presence of hemoglobin M." 02/01/2008 - "Hemoglobin M variant and congenital methemoglobinemia: methylene blue will not be effective in the presence of hemoglobin M." 08/01/2003 - "A normal newborn screen and hemoglobin electrophoresis made the diagnosis of hemoglobin M unlikely as the cause of the methemoglobinemia (Hb A 59.4%, A2 1.8%, and F 38.8%). "
4.	Nitroglycerin (Dynamite)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1991 - "Surprisingly, methemoglobinemia did not develop and nitroglycerin continued to be clinically effective in relieving angina during the six-month period. " 07/01/2000 - "At first, we judged these changes as methemoglobinemia by nitroglycerin infusion. " 03/01/1987 - "Methemoglobinemia from intravenous nitroglycerin: a word of caution." 04/15/1986 - "Nitroglycerin and methemoglobinemia." 01/01/1985 - "Association of methemoglobinemia and intravenous nitroglycerin administration."
5.	MethemoglobinIBA 04/01/2015 - "In the prospective part of the study, none of 18 patients [16 (89 %) men, mean age 63 ± 13] was diagnosed with either clinical symptoms of methemoglobinemia or exceeded normal blood concentration of methemoglobin. " 12/01/2015 - "We suspected methemoglobinemia based on the gap between SpO2 and PaO2 , and subsequently detected increased methemoglobin at 8.0%. " 04/01/2015 - "Methemoglobinemia was diagnosed on the basis of saturation gap and elevated methemoglobin levels. " 03/01/2015 - "Due to the various causes of methemoglobinemia and its potential to be confused with other diseases, in vivo measurements of methemoglobin have significant applications in the clinic. " 02/01/2014 - "The methemoglobin level of 91% in our patient is the highest level reported among methemoglobinemia survivors. "
6.	NitratesIBA 04/01/1989 - "Clinical trials have investigated the risk of developing methemoglobinemia during the therapeutic use of organic nitrates. " 01/01/2007 - "The current standard for nitrates in drinking water is based on retrospective studies and approximates a level that protects infants from methemoglobinemia, but no safety factor is built into the standard. " 03/01/2006 - "The current standard for nitrates in drinking water is based on retrospective studies and approximates a level that protects infants from methemoglobinemia, but no safety factor is built into the standard. " 10/01/2004 - "I conclude that, given the apparently low incidence of possible water-related methemoglobinemia, the complex nature of the role of nitrates, and that of individual behavior, it is currently inappropriate to attempt to link illness rates with drinking-water nitrate levels." 07/01/1999 - "If so, current limits on allowable levels of nitrates in drinking water, which are based solely on the health threat of infantile methemoglobinemia, may be unnecessarily strict."
7.	Benzocaine (Americaine)FDA Link 11/01/2014 - "The rare and idiopathic nature of methemoglobinemia after benzocaine use has made study of the pathophysiologic mechanism in humans difficult. " 10/01/1994 - "This study determined the frequency and severity of benzocaine-associated methemoglobinemia in routine clinical use. " 01/01/2015 - "Given the recognized risk of methemoglobinemia associated with benzocaine use, we recommend its removal from the market in favor of safer alternatives. " 01/01/2015 - "We report a case of methemoglobinemia secondary to self-administered use of benzocaine spray. " 01/01/2015 - "An Atypical Case of Methemoglobinemia due to Self-Administered Benzocaine."
8.	aniline (aniline hydrobromide)IBA 09/01/1987 - "Methemoglobinemia after aniline and certain aniline derivatives is thought to be mediated by toxic metabolites formed during the hepatic clearance of the parent compounds. " 03/01/1989 - "Proceeding from the experimental study carried out on the model of aniline methemoglobinemia, it was shown that the animals with low aniline-related resistance also had aniline low-resistant posterity during two following generations and vice versa high-resistant animals had the more aniline-resistant posterity. " 07/01/2014 - "Aniline-derived methemoglobinemia (Met-Hb) is well described in exposed workers although information on the dose-response association is limited. " 02/10/2012 - "DEA confiscated all product remaining in the men's possession, and FDA identified the substance as aniline, an industrial solvent known to cause methemoglobinemia. " 01/01/2008 - "[Severe methemoglobinemia due to aniline intoxication]."
9.	PrimaquineFDA Link 01/01/2011 - "[Methemoglobinemia in patients with Plasmodium vivax receiving oral therapy with primaquine]." 12/15/2003 - "Among 151 subjects evaluated after 20 or 52 weeks of daily primaquine therapy, methemoglobinemia was found to be mild (<13%; typically <6%) and transient (duration, <2 weeks). " 06/01/2003 - "Primaquine induced methemoglobinemia." 12/01/1989 - "Primaquine administration at 3 mg/kg for 7 days produced significantly high (P less than 0.001) methemoglobinemia and the levels increased 10.55-fold. " 05/01/1987 - "Single doses of primaquine did not produce methemoglobinemia in beagle bitches. "
10.	OxygenIBA 07/01/2005 - "However, the efficacy of the latter on oxygen transport, tissue oxygenation, and survival in the treatment of extreme methemoglobinemia is ambiguous. " 01/01/2015 - "Later, methemoglobinemia developed, with requirements for oxygen supplementation. " 01/01/2015 - "This case emphasizes causes of methemoglobinemia and differences among analytical methods used to measure oxygen status when MetHb is present. " 10/01/2014 - "The clinical use of local anesthetic products to anesthetize mucous membranes has been associated with methemoglobinemia (MetHba), a serious condition in which the blood has reduced capacity to carry oxygen. " 02/01/2014 - "Methemoglobinemia should be suspected with low oxygen saturation on pulse oxymetry and the presence of chocolate colored blood. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis) 01/01/2009 - "Our results demonstrate that even a regular hospital water disinfection technique can be associated with significant methemoglobinemia during extended hemodialysis. " 01/01/2009 - "To evaluate the cause of methemoglobinemia in patients undergoing extended daily hemodialysis/hemodiafiltration we analyzed the relationship between methemoglobinemia and the water disinfection schedule of the hospital. " 06/01/2004 - "[Methemoglobinemia as a complication of hemodialysis]." 01/01/1992 - "[Methemoglobinemia--complication of hemodialysis]." 01/01/2009 - "Methemoglobinemia in critically ill patients during extended hemodialysis and simultaneous disinfection of the hospital water supply."
2.	Anesthesia 01/01/2010 - "Acquired methemoglobinemia is a known complication of topical anesthesia during endoscopic procedures. " 01/01/2010 - "Methemoglobinemia due to topical pharyngeal anesthesia during endoscopic procedures." 08/01/2005 - "Avoiding topical anesthesia-induced methemoglobinemia." 03/01/2004 - "Although such a practice is usually safe, there have been a number of reports of methemoglobinemia induced by topical anesthesia. " 03/01/2004 - "The need for caution with topical anesthesia during endoscopic procedures, as liberal use may result in methemoglobinemia."
3.	General Anesthesia 06/01/2013 - "[A case of previously undiagnosed methemoglobinemia exhibiting sustained low SpO2 value at the induction of general anesthesia]." 09/01/2009 - "Here, we present a patient with preoperatively undiagnosed congenital methemoglobinemia who underwent uterine myomectomy under general anesthesia. " 03/01/2005 - "A 26-yr-old male patient known to have congenital methemoglobinemia was scheduled for turbinectomy under general anesthesia. " 06/01/2007 - "Here we report a 29-year-old female who was scheduled to receive correction of malocclusion and developed acute methemoglobinemia soon after induction of general anesthesia. " 11/01/1984 - "A case is reported in which a patient developed cyanosis under general anesthesia due to methemoglobinemia. "
4.	Intraperitoneal Injections 11/01/2009 - "Chemical hypoxemia through methemoglobinemia was induced by daily intraperitoneal injection of sodium nitrite (40 mg/kg) for 4 weeks in rats with fatty liver. " 09/01/1987 - "Compared with the in vitro data, the relative potencies of the aminophenols for methemoglobinemia in rats after intraperitoneal injections were reduced with respect to phenylhydroxylamine (to 100:4:1, respectively), apparently as a result of rapid in vivo clearance of the aminophenols. "
5.	Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) 05/01/2004 - "Despite the efficacy of iNO at reducing the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, significant concern remains over the potential toxicity from oxidative derivatives and methemoglobinemia. " 05/01/2004 - "Adverse outcomes were prospectively defined and monitored in the database and included: methemoglobinemia, chronic lung disease, treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or death. "