Metformin (Glucophage)

A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289)

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Networked: 5682 relevant articles (774 outcomes, 1406 trials/studies)

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Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group: 32 articles (04/2015 - 02/2002)
2.	Ibáñez, Lourdes: 29 articles (11/2015 - 06/2002)
3.	Palomba, Stefano: 29 articles (05/2014 - 10/2004)
4.	Falbo, Angela: 26 articles (05/2014 - 10/2004)
5.	Orio, Francesco: 26 articles (05/2014 - 10/2004)
6.	Scheen, A J: 25 articles (09/2015 - 03/2000)
7.	Menendez, Javier A: 24 articles (05/2015 - 02/2008)
8.	Zullo, Fulvio: 24 articles (02/2012 - 10/2004)
9.	Derosa, Giuseppe: 22 articles (11/2015 - 05/2005)
10.	Nestler, John E: 22 articles (06/2012 - 02/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Insulin Resistance 11/01/2011 - "Most studies suggested that metformin led to a significant reduction in insulin resistance. " 04/01/2009 - "Despite the marked decrease in progression to diabetes and the improvement in insulin resistance and other cardiovascular risk markers in the ILS and metformin groups, there was no improvement in ACR, on average, in those two groups. " 05/01/2011 - "Metformin treatment significantly improved glycation, oxidative stress, CCL2 levels, NO bioavailability and insulin resistance and normalized endothelial function in aorta. " 05/01/2007 - "The combination of thiazolinediones and metformin is associated with a slight but significant improvement in the long-term blood pressure control of these patients, and with an improvement in the anti-inflammatory state, both of which are related to a similar reduction in insulin-resistance." 03/01/2007 - "Insulin resistance was improved by metformin and worsened by the high-dose OCP. "
2.	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (MODY) 05/15/2015 - "This study investigated safety and efficacy of GSK256073, an in vitro potent, selective GPR109A agonist, for treatment of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM) poorly controlled with metformin alone. " 01/01/2012 - "The results of this study suggest that WSF of DC may be beneficial in diabetic patients to improve glycemic control but should not be coadministered with metformin HCl for management of type 2 diabetes mellitus." 01/01/2015 - "Biguanide metformin, which is widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, improves carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and shows a pronounced cardio- and neuroprotective effects. " 01/01/2015 - "Metformin is a well-established, effective agent for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. " 02/01/2011 - "Metformin is widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. "
3.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/01/2014 - "However, most of the studies to evaluate therapeutic efficacy of metformin have been on primary cancer. " 12/01/2014 - "However, the most important question remains unanswered: Will metformin be effective against cancer in patients without diabetes? " 01/01/2013 - "Metformin is the most widely used anti-diabetic drug in the world, and there is increasing evidence of a potential efficacy of this agent as an anti-cancer drug. " 09/15/2015 - "Increasing interest in repurposing the diabetic medication metformin for cancer treatment has raised important questions about the translation of promising preclinical findings to therapeutic efficacy, especially in non-diabetic patients. " 06/01/2014 - "The anti-hyperglicemic agent, metformin has proven to be effective in reprogramming the metabolism of cancer cells even from those subpopulations endowed with cancer stem like features and very high chemoresistenace to conventional anticancer treatments. "
4.	Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (Syndrome, Stein-Leventhal) 07/01/2006 - "The results showed that metformin is highly effective in normalizing menstrual cyclicity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (the overall response rate was 69%, with 88% of responders achieving normal cyclicity), especially with a treatment duration of 6 months or longer (the response rate was 40% higher for women who were treated with metformin for >6 months vs. 3-6 months, 77% vs. 55%)." 11/01/2005 - "Metformin is very effective in achieving menstrual regularity, ovulation and pregnancy in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome." 01/01/2002 - "The objective of the study was to find predictors of a successful therapy with metformin in polycystic ovary syndrome. " 05/22/2005 - "Long-term metformin treatment resulted in significant improvement of the symptoms of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome." 01/01/2013 - "BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that metformin may be more effective in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who are non-obese. "
5.	Weight Loss (Weight Reduction) 08/01/2004 - "Modest weight reduction was found in all treatment groups, with the most significant reduction occurring with the combination of metformin and lifestyle intervention. " 06/01/2015 - "The combination of GSK2041706 and metformin at 100 mg/kg caused a significantly greater weight loss than the projected additive weight loss of 11.8%. " 04/01/2013 - "Metformin therapy and weight reduction had favorable influences on the basic metabolic and hormonal profiles in women with PCOS and that metformin and lifestyle modification (weight reduction via diet restriction or exercise) resulted in a significantly greater weight loss than hormonal therapy alone. " 04/01/2012 - "Throughout the unblinded follow-up, weight loss remained significantly greater in the metformin group than in the placebo group (2.0 vs. 0.2%, P < 0.001), and this was related to the degree of continuing metformin adherence (P < 0.001). " 06/01/2004 - "Metformin was more effective in promoting weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes, although TZDs may decrease visceral fat levels. "

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4.	Clomiphene (Clomifene)
5.	rosiglitazone (Avandia)
6.	Thiazolidinediones
7.	Glyburide (Glibenclamide)
8.	Acarbose
9.	vildagliptin
10.	sitagliptin (Januvia)

Related Therapies and Procedures

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2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
3.	Oral Administration
4.	Chemoprevention
5.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)