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Menstruation Disturbances

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Variations of menstruation which may be indicative of disease.

Also Known As:

Disorder, Menstruation; Disorders, Menstruation; Disturbance, Menstruation; Disturbances, Menstruation; Hypomenorrheas; Menstruation Disorder; Menstruation Disturbance; Menstruations, Retrograde; Polymenorrheas; Retrograde Menstruation; Retrograde Menstruations; Hypomenorrhea; Menstruation Disorders; Menstruation, Retrograde; Polymenorrhea

Networked: 166 relevant articles (5 outcomes, 8 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Signs and Symptoms Pathological Conditions
- Pathologic Processes: 4357
  - Menstruation Disturbances: 166

Related Diseases

1.	Amenorrhea
2.	Oligomenorrhea
3.	Hemorrhage
4.	Menorrhagia
5.	Dysmenorrhea (Menstrual Pain)

Experts

1.	Kobayashi, Hiroshi: 4 articles (01/2014 - 08/2009)
2.	Kajihara, Hirotaka: 3 articles (01/2014 - 01/2011)
3.	Casper, Robert F: 3 articles (01/2009 - 07/2006)
4.	Higashiura, Yumi: 2 articles (01/2014 - 11/2012)
5.	Shigetomi, Hiroshi: 2 articles (01/2014 - 11/2012)
6.	Fukaya, Takao: 2 articles (01/2012 - 02/2009)
7.	Van Langendonckt, Anne: 2 articles (01/2012 - 05/2002)
8.	Donnez, Jacques: 2 articles (01/2012 - 05/2002)
9.	Maeda, Nagamasa: 2 articles (01/2012 - 02/2009)
10.	Izumiya, Chiaki: 2 articles (01/2012 - 02/2009)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Menstruation Disturbances:

1.	HormonesIBA 07/01/1971 - "[Urinary excretion of steroid hormones in menstruation disorders and its significance]." 01/01/1960 - "[Hormone determinations in diagnosis of menstruation disorders]." 01/01/1955 - "[General practitioner and the problem of hormone diagnosis of menstruation disorders]." 07/01/2009 - "Continuous hormone therapy was used to suppress pain and retrograde menstruation. " 11/01/2002 - "Due to the fact that the patient did have cyclic menstrual flow, her endometriosis may have arisen from retrograde menstruation or coelomic metaplasia induced by exogenous hormones."
2.	ProlactinIBA 01/01/1989 - "[Usefulness of determining serum levels of prolactin in women with menstruation disorders]." 01/01/1989 - "The mean basal PRL concentration in women with menstruation disturbances without hyperprolactinemia (group I) was found to be 7.1 +/- 3.1 ng/ml while the women with hyperprolactinemia without pituitary microadenoma (group II) was 32.9 +/- 5.8 ng/ml. In women with diagnosed pituitary microadenoma (group III) PRL concentration was 131.8 +/- 47.7 ng/ml. The group II and III demonstrated statistically significant increase of serum prolactin level in comparison to group I. Moreover in comparison with group I, statistically significant reduction of serum level of FSH, LH and estradiol 17 beta was confirmed in group with pituitary microadenoma. " 06/01/1985 - "Prolactin and thyrotropin response to TRH and basal gonadotropins levels in blood were investigated in insulin-treated adolescent females with regular menstruation cycles (Group I) and menstruation disturbances (Group II) compared with control, healthy girls. "
3.	Estradiol (Estrace)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1989 - "The mean basal PRL concentration in women with menstruation disturbances without hyperprolactinemia (group I) was found to be 7.1 +/- 3.1 ng/ml while the women with hyperprolactinemia without pituitary microadenoma (group II) was 32.9 +/- 5.8 ng/ml. In women with diagnosed pituitary microadenoma (group III) PRL concentration was 131.8 +/- 47.7 ng/ml. The group II and III demonstrated statistically significant increase of serum prolactin level in comparison to group I. Moreover in comparison with group I, statistically significant reduction of serum level of FSH, LH and estradiol 17 beta was confirmed in group with pituitary microadenoma. " 08/01/1999 - "Compared to patients with normal cycles (n = 9), patients with menstrual irregularity (oligo/polymenorrhea or amenorrhea; n = 38) were more hirsute, had lower serum estradiol (normal: median, 76.5 pmol/L; range, 20-570; menstrual irregularity: median, 283; range, 140-431; P < 0.01), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG; normal: median, 19.6 nmol/L; range, 5-52; menstrual irregularity: median, 48; range, 18-60; P < 0.01), but similar testosterone levels; in addition, patients with amenorrhea had higher serum GH (normal: median, 100 mU/L; range, 8.8-400; amenorrhea: median, 30; range, 10.7-120; P < 0.05). "
4.	Meprobamate (Miltown)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1965 - "[Improved results of hormonal treatment in functional menstruation disorders with a meprobamate supplement]."
5.	Immunologic Factors (Immunomodulators)IBA 03/01/2002 - "These risk factors appear to be compatible with the central importance of retrograde menstruation influenced by outflow obstruction that might affect its amount, immune factors that might affect its ability to be cleared, or hormonal stimuli that might affect its growth. "
6.	Estrogens (Estrogen)FDA Link 01/01/2008 - "To study the roles of the polymorphism of the estrogen receptor genes in hypomenorrhea with unknown aetiology. " 07/01/1958 - "[Study of androgen-estrogen balance in the normal female & in various menstruation disorders]." 02/01/1987 - "[Role of estrogen dosage in the treatment of menstruation disorders in girls]." 08/01/1975 - "The results show that the patterns of plasma estrogen in thyrotoxic women with hypomenorrhea were similar to those in euthyroid women, although the levels in the thyrotoxic women were significantly elevated (P less than 0.001). " 09/15/1966 - "[Clinical experiences with the oral gestagen-estrogen preparation "syngynon oral" in menstruation disorders]."
7.	Progesterone FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2007 - "Although the growth of endometrial glands and stroma at extra-uterine sites is associated with retrograde menstruation, our studies suggest that reduced responsiveness to progesterone may increase the invasive capacity of endometrial tissue in women with endometriosis. " 11/01/2009 - "Moreover, we found a positive correlation between serum total testosterone and total PSA in the control group and between progesterone and total PSA in group II. Our data show that serum free PSA is increased in women with regular menstrual cycles and polymenorrhea. " 03/15/1974 - "[Estrogen-progesterone test in menstruation disorders]." 01/01/1951 - "[Treatment of hypomenorrhea with microcrystal follicular hormone implants and progesterone in oil solution]."
8.	Antidepressive Agents (Antidepressants)IBA 09/01/2012 - "The results of the present study suggest that menstruation disorders are frequently observed in women taking antidepressants and that it appears to be associated with antidepressant use at least in some women." 09/01/2012 - "The relationship between menstruation disorders and antidepressant drugs usage in women remains unclear. " 09/01/2012 - "Antidepressants and menstruation disorders in women: a cross-sectional study in three centers." 12/01/2010 - "We conducted a PubMed search during June 2009 using the search terms antidepressants and SSRIs (including the names of individual SSRIs: fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, fluvoxamine, citalopram, and escitalopram) in association with bleeding, platelets, hemostasis, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin, antiplatelet drugs, proton pump inhibitors, peptic ulcer, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, menstruation, pregnancy, postpartum hemorrhage, surgery, tooth extraction, dental bleeding, stroke, ischemic heart disease, and other terms related to the field. "
9.	Estrogen Receptor betaIBA 08/01/2007 - "To study the relationship between estrogen receptor beta gene (ER beta) polymorphism and unknown aetiology hypomenorrhea in Southwestern China . " 08/01/2007 - "[The study on the relationship between Rsa I, Alu I polymorphism of the estrogen receptor beta gene and unknown aetiology hypomenorrhea]." 08/01/2007 - "ERbeta gene polymorphism has a relation with unknown aetiological hypomenorrhea. "
10.	SolventsIBA 01/01/2014 - "This study is aimed to investigate the association of occupational exposure to a mixture of organic solvents with menstruation disturbances and hormonal changes among female workers. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Endometrial Ablation Techniques 10/01/1991 - "Of the 96 patients treated with endometrial ablation, 50% were amenorrheic, 26% had hypomenorrhea, 17% had eumenorrhea, and 7% were unimproved. " 08/01/1996 - "Endometrial ablation eliminated or improved bleeding in 90% of patients (amenorrhea 46%, hypomenorrhea 35%, eumenorrhea 9%, no significant change 10%), was associated with no complications, and resulted in 82% patient satisfaction. " 10/01/2010 - "A total of 187 patients (98.4%) who had undergone hysteroscopic endometrial ablation reported decreased bleeding: amenorrhea in 58 (30.5%), hypomenorrhea in 78 (41.1%), and eumenorrhea in 51 (26.8%) patients. " 07/01/2009 - "At 2 to 5 years, 1 woman expelled the LNG-IUS and hysterectomy indicated extensive adenomyosis in a 195-g uterus, and 1 woman had hysteroscopic endometrial ablation, 4 were menopausal, 2 had amenorrhea, and 1 had hypomenorrhea. "
2.	Auriculotherapy 03/01/2015 - "Medicational treatment and auriculotherapy are both effective on menstruation disorders, but auriculotherapy is more effective on reduction of menstruation disorders, compared to medicational therapy." 03/01/2015 - "This study aimed to define the effect of auriculotherapy on menstruation disorders in girls with polycystic ovarian syndrome. "
3.	Diathermy 03/01/1955 - "[Blood sugar curves after diencephalo-hypophysial stimulation by shortwave diathermy and their importance in the study of menstruation disorders]."
4.	Hysterectomy 06/01/1999 - "Since no signs of retrograde menstruation or haematometra were observed, in agreement with the patient hysterectomy was not performed. " 10/01/2009 - "To verify this use, ten premenopausal women with AUB comprising menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, polymenorrhea and intermenstrual bleeding who had not responded to standard drugs and were candidates for hysterectomy participated in the clinical trial. " 07/01/2009 - "At 2 to 5 years, 1 woman expelled the LNG-IUS and hysterectomy indicated extensive adenomyosis in a 195-g uterus, and 1 woman had hysteroscopic endometrial ablation, 4 were menopausal, 2 had amenorrhea, and 1 had hypomenorrhea. " 06/01/1976 - "The indication for the hysterectomy was prevention of further endometriosis by retrograde menstruation, high probability of infertility because of the lack of the cervix and high probability of ascending infection should a new vagina be connected directly to the endometrial cavity. " 11/21/1994 - " The adverse effects of female sterilization have been sporadically reported including increased frequency of menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, polymenorrhea, and a higher incidence of subsequent gynecological surgery or hysterectomy. "
5.	Tubal Sterilization (Tubal Ligation) 07/20/1979 - "[Does laparoscopic tubal sterilization cause menstruation disorders?]." 11/01/2002 - "Women who have undergone tubal ligation and who have dysmenorrhea may benefit from a diagnostic laparoscopy during menstruation to evaluate the possibility of retrograde menstruation dilating the proximal tubal stumps." 11/01/2002 - "Dysmenorrhea after bilateral tubal ligation: a case of retrograde menstruation." 03/01/2010 - "Tubal ligation, in women with endometriosis, seems to prevent retrograde menstruation but it has also been shown to be protective from these types of ovarian cancer. " 07/01/2007 - "Any bleeding from persistent or regenerating endometrium behind the scar may be obstructed and cause problems such as central hematometra, cornual hematometra, postablation tubal sterilization syndrome, retrograde menstruation, and potential delay in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer. "