Melarsoprol (Mel B)

12/01/1978 - "The efficacy of melarsoprol against developing Dirofilaria, which has been demonstrated in dogs by other workers, was demonstrated in ferrets given oral doses, at 100 mg/kg, on days 38--42 of infection. "
02/01/2013 - "Melarsoprol is the only available treatment for late-stage T b rhodesiense infection, but can be lethal to 5% of patients owing to post-treatment reactive encephalopathy. "
05/01/2009 - "Melarsoprol, a trivalent arsenical, is the only drug that can be used to cure both forms of the infection once the central nervous system has become involved, but unfortunately, this drug induces an extremely severe post-treatment reactive encephalopathy (PTRE) in up to 10% of treated patients, half of whom die from this complication. "
05/01/2007 - "The infection relapsed twice following treatment and the patient developed a melarsoprol-associated encephalopathy. "
10/01/2002 - "The incidence of Gambian infections refractory to melarsoprol treatment has also risen sharply in northern Uganda, northern Angola and southern Sudan, with failure rates as high as 26.9%. "

08/01/1989 - "Mel-B was also effective against primary and relapse cerebral trypanosomiasis in goats."
08/28/2002 - "The present study compares two methods of preparation of microparticles of melarsoprol for the treatment of the human trypanosomiasis. "
06/01/1997 - "This study enrolled 28 CNS-involved patients with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense at the Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute (Alupe, Kenya) to examine treatment efficacy and toxicity of melarsoprol in relation to renal excretion/dose relationships. "
01/01/1992 - "The aim of the study was to assess effects of DFMO (an inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis) on waking electroencephalogram (EEG) of 25 patients at meningoencephalitic stage of human african gambiense trypanosomiasis (HAT), six of whom having been previously treated with and considered refractory to Melarsoprol. "
08/01/1991 - "The purpose of the study was to assess the long-term effects of melarsoprol on awakening electroencephalogram (EEG) in 18 patients at the meningo-encephalic stage of human African gambiense trypanosomiasis. "

08/01/2008 - "All four main drugs used for human African trypanosomiasis are toxic, and melarsoprol, the only drug that is effective for both types of central nervous system disease, is so toxic that it kills 5% of patients who receive it. "
06/01/2005 - "Treatment of late-stage human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) with melarsoprol can be improved by shortening the regimen. "
06/01/2005 - "Effectiveness of a 10-day melarsoprol schedule for the treatment of late-stage human African trypanosomiasis: confirmation from a multinational study (IMPAMEL II)."
06/01/2013 - "Melarsoprol is the only currently available drug for treatment of the late stage of African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness). "
09/01/2011 - "Melarsoprol cyclodextrin inclusion complexes as promising oral candidates for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis."

01/01/1999 - "Given the breadth of this activity, we initiated a clinical study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety, and potential efficacy of melarsoprol in patients with refractory or resistant leukemia. "
01/01/1999 - "Clinical study of an organic arsenical, melarsoprol, in patients with advanced leukemia."
12/08/2005 - "However, the cytotoxic properties of melarsoprol on K562 and U937 human leukemia cell lines was not modified by complexation."
01/01/1999 - "We concluded that this dose and schedule of melarsoprol is associated with excessive CNS toxicity and that verification of the striking preclinical activity in patients with leukemia will require developing an alternative dose and schedule."
09/01/1998 - "Together, these results show that As2O3 and melarsoprol inhibit growth and induce apoptosis independent of both PML and PML-RARalpha expression in a variety of myeloid leukemia cell lines, and suggest that these agents may be more broadly used for treatment of leukemias other than APL."

10/01/2003 - "Nevertheless, the reduction in drug sensitivity might be of clinical significance, since mice infected with tbat1-null trypanosomes could not be cured with 2 mg of melarsoprol/kg of body weight for four consecutive days, whereas mice infected with the parental line were all cured by using this protocol. "
01/01/1997 - "Melarsoprol appeared to be active when given orally at a dose of 3.6 mg/kg body weight twice a day for 3 days. "
04/01/2014 - "Thereafter mice were monitored for relapse of parasitemia after which they were treated with melarsoprol at a dosage of 3.6mg/kg body weight for 4days and sacrificed 24h post the last dosage to obtain brain samples. "