Mediastinal Emphysema (Pneumomediastinum)

01/01/1990 - "In spite of severe pulmonary complications (pneumotorax and pneumomediastinum), pO2 increased from 53 to 72 mmHg and pCO2 from 38 to 56 mm Hg. General conditions improved, appetite was restored and the patient cleared off continuous oxygen therapy; he left the hospital and did not present any more pulmonary exacerbations. "
01/01/2014 - "Most patients with uncomplicated spontaneous pneumomediastinum respond well to oxygen and conservative management without any specific treatment. "
01/01/2009 - "A chest radiograph revealed a pneumomediastinum that finally resolved with oxygen therapy and supportive management in 3 days."
03/01/2006 - "Pneumomediastinum developed in 1 patient, and this patient was treated with 3 days of oxygen therapy. "
01/01/2002 - "Pneumomediastinum resolved in a few days following high-dose nasal oxygen. "

10/16/2012 - "At the start of anti-PCP treatment, there were bilateral diffuse ground glass opacities (GGO) (n = 29), "mosaic sign" (n = 19), air bronchogram (n = 19), pulmonary consolidation (n = 17), bilateral pleural effusion (n = 7), thickened lobular septa (n = 6), cystic lesions (n = 5), aerothorax, mediastinal emphysema or pneumohypoderma (n = 4) and numbers of deceased patients (n = 8, 5, 5, 5, 2, 2, 2 and 4 respectively). "
11/01/2010 - "CT (n = 6) scans showed peribronchovascular interstitial thickening (n = 6), ground-glass opacities (n = 5), centrilobular nodules (n = 4), consolidation (n = 3), mediastinal lymph node enlargement (n = 5), pleural effusion (n = 3), and pneumomediastinum (n = 3). "
04/01/2007 - "In patients with lacerations, mild chest pain (n = 5), blood-tinged sputum (n = 21), and pneumomediastinum (n = 2) occurred, but all resolved completely within 24 h. "
11/01/2006 - "Acute complications included: excessive bleeding (n = 1); pneumothorax (n = 5); and pneumomediastinum without mortality (n = 2). "
06/01/2005 - "Late complications comprised of pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum (n = 5) and bacterial pneumonia (n = 18). "

03/01/2014 - "[Conservative treatment improved corrosive esophagitis and pneumomediastinum in a patient who ingested bleaching agent containing sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide]."

03/01/2014 - "[Conservative treatment improved corrosive esophagitis and pneumomediastinum in a patient who ingested bleaching agent containing sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide]."

01/01/2015 - "He underwent a series of investigations including a chest radiograph and computed tomography as well as a barium fluoroscopy study to rule out secondary pneumomediastinum, which can be fatal. "
01/01/1981 - "We report a case of pneumomediastinum following a double-contrast barium enema examination. "
01/01/1981 - "Pneumomediastinum after double-contrast barium enema examination: a sign of colonic perforation."
01/01/1981 - "With the increasing use of double-contrast barium studies, pneumomediastinum may be an important sign of rupture of the colon during this examination."
01/01/1998 - "A barium swallow demonstrated a horizontal mucosal tear at the level of the aortic arch, and computed tomography (CT) showed mediastinal emphysema and a bleeding point medial to the left subclavian artery which appeared to be contained by a surrounding hematoma. "

12/01/2014 - "The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of patients with diffuse connective tissue diseases (CTDs) complicated by pneumomediastinum and identify the risk factors associated with increased mortality in these patients. "

01/01/2014 - "Several mechanisms could explain pneumomediastinum and pneumorachis after cocaine sniffing. "
04/02/2012 - "Pneumomediastinum secondary to cocaine insufflations is described as a benign condition. "
04/02/2012 - "[Pneumomediastinum induced by sniffed cocaine]."
03/01/2010 - "(1) It is known that occasional consumption of cocaine causes diffuse alveolar damage, haemorrhage, etc. The cause-effect relationship consumption-appearance in a few hours of spontaneous pneumomediastinum leads us to appreciate this form of consumption as a causal factor rather than a predisposing/precipitating factor as it appears in the literature on the topic. "
01/01/2010 - "Pneumomediastinum after cocaine use: an unusual aetiology."

04/01/2010 - "Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a benign self-limiting condition that requires early differentiation from more serious causes, in particular Boerhaave's syndrome."
05/01/2009 - "Pneumomediastinum in Boerhaave syndrome."
02/01/2009 - "The patient was found to have mediastinal emphysema on the chest CT image, we diagnosed as Boerhaave syndrome. "
02/01/2008 - "[Epidural pneumatosis and spontaneous pneumomediastinum: differential diagnosis with respect to the Boerhaave syndrome]."
07/01/2007 - "Boerhaave's syndrome was suspected on a clinical basis and was confirmed by thoraco-abdominal CT scan, showing an apparent pneumomediastinum and fluid at both lung bases. "

01/01/2014 - "In our case, pneumomediastinum likely developed as carbon dioxide tracked from the peritoneum into the mediastinum during prolonged robotic retroperitoneal surgery. "
01/01/2014 - "Pneumomediastinum is a rare but potential complication of laparoscopy that is related to insufflation with carbon dioxide gas and may lead to life-threatening complications. "
12/01/2013 - "This was thought to result from an accidental passage of massive insufflation of carbon dioxide gas across the diaphragm, leading to pneumomediastinum."
06/01/2012 - "Carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation during esophageal ESD may reduce the incidence of mediastinal emphysema. "
06/01/2012 - "A pilot study to assess mediastinal emphysema after esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection with carbon dioxide insufflation."

03/01/2013 - "Amyopathic dermatomyositis complicated by pneumomediastinum."
10/01/2012 - "Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: a rare complication of juvenile dermatomyositis."
01/01/2015 - "The patient presented with extremely rare occurrence of pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema in amyopathic dermatomyositis with a poor prognosis. "
01/01/2015 - "A Case of Amyopathic Dermatomyositis with Pneumomediastinum and Subcutaneous Emphysema."
07/01/2011 - "Subsequently, a diagnosis of amyopathic dermatomyositis with interstitial lung disease and pneumomediastinum was made. "

12/01/2014 - "Fatal pneumomediastinum associated with use of noninvasive mechanical ventilation."
02/01/2008 - "Benign findings at the abdominal examination and the presence of pneumomediastinum in the setting of assisted mechanical ventilation led to the diagnosis of air dissection syndrome. "
03/01/2006 - "After initiating positive pressure mechanical ventilation, subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema developed. "
03/01/1999 - "Although air leak responded initially to conservative treatment, acute tension pneumomediastinum with cardiopulmonary decompensation recurred 6 days later, while the patient was on mechanical ventilation. "
02/01/1999 - "An infant with pneumomediastinum due to mechanical ventilation was successfully treated using high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV). "

03/07/2006 - "There was a significant association of pneumomediastinum with tracheal cannula (P = 0.000). "
03/07/2006 - "Although statistic analysis could not be undertaken because of the peak of CK not being provided in details in the literatures, the CK levels of the patients with pneumomediastinum were mostly normal or mildly higher with a peak lower than 500 U/L Three of the 4 patients with pneumomediastinum hospitalized in PUMC Hospital and 5 of the 443 patients (1.1%) without this complication received tracheal cannula. "
06/01/1988 - "The only complication encountered was a case of cervico-mediastinal emphysema caused by displacement of the tracheal catheter."
10/01/2004 - "A huge mucoid impaction was removed with a balloon catheter under mechanical ventilation without exacerbation of the mediastinal emphysema. "
01/01/2012 - "Here we report a 30 month old infant who developed extensive subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum, which was relieved by application of microdrainage catheters."

12/01/1992 - "She was treated with bed rest and mediastinal emphysema subsided within 8 days. "
11/01/2000 - "The pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema gradually subsided after 3 weeks of bed rest. "
11/01/2013 - "Chest CT of 18 cases showed pneumomediastinum, 8 cases displayed varied degrees of air in neck, chest; 18 cases of SPM responded well to bed rest, oxygen, antitussive and anti-infection treatment. "
11/01/2008 - "Treatment including bed rest, codeine for its antitussive action, and nitrogen washout resolved the pneumomediastinum within 3 days. "
01/01/2007 - "His pneumomediastinum disappeared after strict bed rest and he was thereafter successfully treated with oral prednisolone and cyclosporine A. "

06/01/2011 - "Pneumomediastinum is commonly caused by iatrogenic injury such as surgery on the cervical planes and chest or by tracheostomy. "
04/01/2009 - "Most cases of pneumomediastinum are caused by iatrogenic injury during surgery on the cervical region and chest or by tracheostomy. "
06/01/1996 - "A complication of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy: mediastinal emphysema."
03/01/1951 - "[Tracheostomy in the treatment of non-traumatic pneumomediastinum]."
12/01/2010 - "Our study identified a low rate of pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum following pediatric tracheostomy. "

04/01/1953 - "Mediastinal emphysema following tonsillectomy."
03/01/1962 - "Mediastinal emphysema complicating tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy."
03/01/2015 - "Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum are rare complications following elective tonsillectomy. "
03/01/2015 - "Late presentation of subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum following elective tonsillectomy."
01/01/2013 - "The mechanisms by which subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum may develop after tonsillectomy are poorly understood. "