Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

A condition caused by inhalation of MECONIUM into the LUNG of FETUS or NEWBORN, usually due to vigorous respiratory movements during difficult PARTURITION or respiratory system abnormalities. Meconium aspirate may block small airways leading to difficulties in PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE and ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA.

Also Known As:

Networked: 431 relevant articles (30 outcomes, 37 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Pulmonary Hypertension (Ayerza Syndrome)
2.	Sepsis (Septicemia)
3.	Respiratory Insufficiency (Respiratory Failure)
4.	Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
5.	Pneumonia (Pneumonitis)

Experts

1.	Mokra, D: 8 articles (01/2015 - 01/2005)
2.	Calkovska, A: 8 articles (01/2015 - 01/2003)
3.	Tibboel, Dick: 7 articles (08/2014 - 03/2003)
4.	Calkovska, Andrea: 6 articles (06/2013 - 10/2004)
5.	Mokra, Daniela: 6 articles (06/2013 - 01/2006)
6.	Petraskova, M: 6 articles (01/2013 - 01/2003)
7.	Mokry, J: 6 articles (01/2013 - 11/2007)
8.	Drgova, A: 5 articles (12/2008 - 01/2003)
9.	Carnielli, Virgilio P: 4 articles (07/2011 - 03/2003)
10.	Shekerdemian, Lara S: 4 articles (02/2010 - 04/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Meconium Aspiration Syndrome:

1.	Nitric Oxide (Nitrogen Monoxide)FDA Link 10/01/2000 - "In this model of meconium aspiration syndrome, short-term exposure to inhaled nitric oxide when combined with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation improved oxygenation secondary to better distribution of inhaled nitric oxide. " 10/01/1999 - "To investigate the possible protective effects of nitric oxide (NO) inhalation in newborns with meconium aspiration, 18 10-12-d-old piglets were studied for 6h after an intratracheal bolus (3 ml/kg) of a 65-mg/ml mixture of human meconium. " 03/01/2008 - "[A randomized controlled study on the efficacy of inhaled nitric oxide in treatment of neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome]." 02/01/2007 - "Inhaled nitric oxide treatment inhibits neuronal injury after meconium aspiration in piglets." 10/01/2000 - "To test the hypothesis that inhaled nitric oxide, when combined with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, is an effective therapeutic agent in meconium aspiration syndrome. "
2.	Congenital diaphragmatic herniaIBA 09/01/1998 - "Improvement in oxygenation was less significant and sustained (OI=41+/-16 vs 28+/-18, P < .001) in term neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome and much less (OI=58+/-25 vs 46+/-32, P < .01) in those with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. " 03/01/2014 - "Most commonly, PPHN is secondary to delayed or impaired relaxation of the pulmonary vasculature associated with diverse neonatal pulmonary pathologies, such as meconium aspiration syndrome, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and respiratory distress syndrome. " 07/01/2013 - "Five-year survival estimates conditional on being alive at 90 days were highest for meconium aspiration syndrome 97.9% (95% CI, 92.0-99.5%) and lowest for congenital diaphragmatic hernia 73.6% (52.3-86.5%). " 12/01/2012 - "A significant volume of trapped air was observed in 86% patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 50% with meconium aspiration syndrome and 58% with other diagnoses. " 11/01/2011 - "Primary diagnoses were meconium aspiration syndrome (n=66), congenital diaphragmatic hernia (n=18) and other diagnoses (n=36). "
3.	OxygenIBA 06/01/2006 - "This study examined the changes of regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) by noninvasive near infrared spectrophotometry in neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). " 06/01/2006 - "[Regional cerebral oxygen saturation in neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome]." 09/01/2001 - "Newborn piglets with meconium aspiration resuscitated with room air or 100% oxygen." 10/01/2000 - "Arterial saturation and partial pressure of arterial oxygen (Pao2) were significantly lower after meconium aspiration when compared with baseline. " 10/01/1997 - "Arterial oxygen saturation and Pao2 were significantly lower after meconium aspiration when compared with baseline values. "
4.	Hydrocortisone (Cortisol)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1975 - "Because of this decreased survival and the relatively insignificant improvement in clinical course and histopathology found with glucocorticoid treatment, we cannot recommend cortisol for the treatment of meconium aspiration." 01/01/1977 - "Hydrocortisone therapy in meconium aspiration syndrome: a controlled study." 01/01/1977 - "To evaluate the efficacy of glucocorticoids in the treatment of infants with meconium aspiration syndrome, a double-blind study using hydrocortisone or a lactose placebo was undertaken. "
5.	Dexamethasone (Maxidex)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2009 - "Because cardiovascular functions and their control mechanisms may be influenced by meconium aspiration and by treatment, cardiovascular parameters including heart rate variability (HRV) were evaluated after meconium instillation and treatment with dexamethasone. " 01/01/2004 - "To compare three different schedules in severe meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) treatment: standard, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) with diluted surfactant, and diluted surfactant BAL plus a single early dexamethasone dose. " 02/01/2001 - "These results show that prophylactic dexamethasone treatment significantly attenuates the early pulmonary hemodynamic deterioration and structural lung damage caused by meconium aspiration. " 08/01/1999 - "We examined the effects of dexamethasone on lung function in a piglet model of meconium aspiration syndrome. " 08/01/1999 - "Effects of dexamethasone on meconium aspiration syndrome in newborn piglets."
6.	GlucocorticoidsIBA 03/01/1975 - "An animal model of meconium aspiration was developed to determine the efficacy of glucocorticoids in its treatment. " 12/01/2011 - "Glucocorticoids in the treatment of neonatal meconium aspiration syndrome." 06/01/2010 - "[Research advance in glucocorticoids therapy for meconium aspiration syndrome]." 11/01/2008 - "Glucocorticoids may improve lung function in newborns with meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), but information on the acute side effects of glucocorticoids in infants is limited. " 01/01/1977 - "To evaluate the efficacy of glucocorticoids in the treatment of infants with meconium aspiration syndrome, a double-blind study using hydrocortisone or a lactose placebo was undertaken. "
7.	Pulmonary Surfactants (Pulmonary Surfactant)IBA 06/01/2012 - "The efficacy of pulmonary surfactant (PS) replacement therapy for meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) remains controversial. " 06/01/2012 - "[Efficacy of pulmonary surfactant therapy in neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome: a meta-analysis]." 01/01/2015 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficiency of the use high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) combined with pulmonary surfactant (PS) for the treatment of neonatal meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). " 01/01/2000 - "Searches were made using Medline (1985 to January 2000) (MeSH terms: pulmonary surfactant and meconium aspiration; limits: age groups, newborns; publication type, clinical trials), previous reviews including cross-references, abstracts, conference and symposia proceedings, expert informants, and journal hand searching in the English language. " 01/01/2015 - "Efficiency of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation combined with pulmonary surfactant in the treatment of neonatal meconium aspiration syndrome."
8.	SteroidsIBA 10/01/2007 - "Role of steroids on the clinical course and outcome of meconium aspiration syndrome-a randomized controlled trial." 04/01/2007 - "To determine the levels of TNFa and IL-1beta in tracheal aspirates of neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) and to ascertain whether the use of steroids by systemic or nebulized routes suppresses the levels of these inflammatory markers. " 02/01/2007 - "The conclusion is that steroids alter the course of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome and favorably affect the outcome." 02/01/2007 - "The effect of steroids on the clinical course and outcome of neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome." 06/01/2001 - "In vitro steroids down-regulated the iNOS expression, thus suggesting a potential to down-regulate NO-mediated inflammation in neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome."
9.	poractant alfa (Curosurf)FDA Link 01/01/2014 - "This study indicates that CHF5633 is as efficient as poractant alfa in experimental meconium aspiration syndrome." 02/01/1999 - "Subgroups of animals were treated with Curosurf (80 mg/ml, dose 200 mg/kg) 30 min after meconium aspiration; no additional material was instilled in controls. " 01/01/1993 - "Both groups responded to treatment with exogenous surfactant (Curosurf, 200 mg/kg) with a moderate, statistically significant improvement in lung-thorax compliance, PCO2 and alveolar VV. Our data indicate that respiratory failure after neonatal meconium aspiration may be influenced favorably by treatment with exogenous surfactant." 03/01/2006 - "Biophysical and antibacterial properties of Curosurf and PxB may be combined into a useful adjunct in the treatment of neonatal Gram-negative pneumonia and/or meconium aspiration syndrome." 01/01/2013 - "Budesonide added to modified porcine surfactant Curosurf may additionally improve the lung functions in meconium aspiration syndrome."
10.	Budesonide (Pulmicort)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2016 - "The role of early inhaled budesonide therapy in meconium aspiration in term newborns: a randomized control study." 01/01/2016 - "Budesonide nebulization in meconium aspiration results in significant early improvement in general condition (early improvement in respiratory distress and early normalization of Downe's score) of the newborn with lesser oxygen requirement, thus early discharge from NICU but has no impact on final outcome." 01/01/2013 - "Budesonide added to modified porcine surfactant Curosurf may additionally improve the lung functions in meconium aspiration syndrome." 12/01/2008 - "Combination of budesonide and aminophylline diminished acute lung injury in animal model of meconium aspiration syndrome." 01/01/2016 - "To study the clinical spectrum of Meconium aspiration syndrome babies and to find out the efficacy of early nebulized steroids (Budesonide) in the clinical course and outcome (morbidity and mortality) of neonates with meconium aspiration: randomized controlled trial. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) 05/01/2003 - "In trials in severe meconium aspiration syndrome, surfactant therapy reduced the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. " 01/01/2003 - "This questionnaire study was designed to determine how consultant paediatricians perceived the value of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the treatment of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). " 04/01/2014 - "A simulation of a neonatal patient suffering from meconium aspiration was performed in the pediatric intensive care unit, and participants included new extracorporeal life support specialists in addition to the composition of the clinical ECMO team. " 01/01/2010 - "In contrast to the United States, no reduction in either extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use or death due to meconium aspiration syndrome was observed in the United Kingdom. " 01/01/2010 - "Meconium aspiration syndrome was the most common indication for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the United Kingdom: 50.6% vs. 25.8% in the United States (p < .001). "
2.	High-Frequency Jet Ventilation 01/01/2003 - "To determine the efficacy of the expulsion effect of high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) on meconium clearance from the airways in comparison with conventional suctioning in adult rabbits with meconium aspiration. " 10/01/1994 - "In vitro data have shown a concentration-dependent inhibition of surfactant by meconium, while anecdotal reports demonstrate improved oxygenation after surfactant replacement in babies with meconium aspiration syndrome, particularly in conjunction with high-frequency jet ventilation. " 01/01/2005 - "Surfactant lung lavage using asymmetric high-frequency jet ventilation followed by conventional ventilation in rabbits with meconium aspiration." 10/01/2004 - "Treatment of experimental meconium aspiration syndrome with surfactant lung lavage and conventional vs. asymmetric high-frequency jet ventilation." 01/01/2003 - "Lung lavage using high-frequency jet ventilation in rabbits with meconium aspiration."
3.	Liquid Ventilation 05/01/2011 - "Total liquid ventilation bronchoalveolar lavage is well tolerated and more effective in terms of meconium washout and gas exchange than bronchoalveolar lavage performed with diluted surfactant in this experimental model of severe meconium aspiration syndrome. " 05/01/2011 - "These positive results open the way to further experiments in our ovine model, ultimately aiming at a clinical trial with total liquid ventilation bronchoalveolar lavage to treat severe meconium aspiration syndrome." 03/01/2000 - "A randomised control study of partial liquid ventilation after airway lavage with exogenous surfactant in a meconium aspiration syndrome animal model." 05/01/2011 - "To test the hypothesis that total liquid ventilation enables a more effective and better tolerated lavage than a bronchoalveolar lavage performed with diluted surfactant in a newborn ovine model of severe acute meconium aspiration syndrome. " 05/01/2011 - "Total liquid ventilation efficacy in an ovine model of severe meconium aspiration syndrome."
4.	High-Frequency Ventilation 01/01/2015 - "We conclude that high frequency ventilation has only a slight advantage over small-volume conventional ventilation in the model of meconium aspiration syndrome in that it improves CO2 elimination. " 07/01/2007 - "Physiological effects of lavage were documented, and comparison was made with a group of infants with meconium aspiration requiring high-frequency ventilation, in whom lavage was not performed. " 07/01/2007 - "Infants with severe meconium aspiration requiring high-frequency ventilation underwent lung lavage using dilute bovine surfactant at a phospholipid concentration of 5 mg/mL. Lavage aliquot volumes were increased through the case series, aiming to deliver two aliquots of 15 mL/kg in rapid sequence. " 02/01/1999 - "Combined effects of high-frequency ventilation and surfactant treatment in experimental meconium aspiration syndrome." 11/01/1992 - "To assess the usefulness of three methods of high-frequency ventilation in the early management of a piglet model of the meconium aspiration syndrome. "
5.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 09/01/1996 - "We studied ventilation efficiency after treatment with a modified porcine surfactant in experimental meconium aspiration. " 06/01/1992 - "To determine whether abnormalities in lung mechanics detected in infants during the acute phase of meconium aspiration syndrome persist after treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (EMCO). " 10/01/1997 - "In this model of meconium aspiration syndrome, short-term exposure to inhaled nitric oxide after treatment with surfactant improved oxygenation secondary to better distribution of inhaled nitric oxide. " 10/01/1997 - "Effect of nitric oxide in meconium aspiration syndrome after treatment with surfactant."