Margarine

A butterlike product made of refined vegetable oils, sometimes blended with animal fats, and emulsified usually with water or milk. It is used as a butter substitute. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Networked: 199 relevant articles (4 outcomes, 26 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Heitmann, Berit L: 5 articles (04/2021 - 09/2014)
2.	Frederiksen, Peder: 4 articles (04/2021 - 01/2018)
3.	Jacobsen, Ramune: 4 articles (04/2019 - 01/2015)
4.	Heinrich, Joachim: 4 articles (12/2011 - 03/2005)
5.	Brekke, Hilde K: 3 articles (01/2016 - 01/2016)
6.	Sørensen, Thorkild I A: 3 articles (01/2016 - 09/2014)
7.	Heinrich, J: 3 articles (12/2011 - 01/2001)
8.	Sausenthaler, Stefanie: 3 articles (12/2011 - 03/2006)
9.	Gálffy, Gabriella: 2 articles (12/2021 - 05/2010)
10.	Hirschberg, Andor: 2 articles (12/2021 - 05/2010)

Related Diseases

1.	Hypercholesterolemia 01/01/2017 - "Sixteen volunteers, average age 34 years, with no or mild hypercholesterolemia were subjected to a 4 week period of daily intake of 3g plant sterols per day supplied via a supplemented margarine on top of regular eating habits. " 08/20/2003 - "When tested against butter in an open clinical trial among subjects with mild hypercholesterolemia the observed cholesterol-lowering effect of this margarine corresponded reasonably well with the predicted (0.77 vs. 0.64 mmol/L). " 06/01/2003 - "Subjects with moderate primary hypercholesterolemia (20-60 y old; 50 women; 10 men) consumed margarine (20 g/d) without (placebo) or with PSE (2.8 g/d = 1.68 g/d phytosterols) for 4 wk each period, in a crossover, double-blind study. " 08/01/2002 - "Patients (20-60y old: 50 women; 10 men) with primary moderate hypercholesterolemia were fed margarine (20g/d), received no treatment (placebo), and were fed PSE (2.8g/d = 1.68 phytosterols), during 3 periods of 4 weeks each, in a crossover, double-blind study. " 10/01/2001 - "Our results suggest that a margarine designed to meet nutritional recommendations for hypercholesterolemia is more efficacious than butter in reducing atherogenic lipid levels in hypercholesterolemic subjects."
2.	Body Weight (Weight, Body) 05/01/1997 - "We identified 20 studies in which subjects had stable body weights, and margarine and butter were exchanged in the diet at constant energy and fat intake. " 06/01/2013 - "Compared with the LR group, the HR group consumed more margarine and this was accompanied by an increase in body weight. " 09/01/1999 - "Ten male Wistar-albino rats were overfed with high-fat diet (margarine at the dose 40 g/kg body weight/day in addition to standard rat diet) during six months from the age of between 8-12 weeks. " 06/28/1984 - "[Reduction of body weight on diets with high butter or margarine content. " 11/03/1983 - "[Reduction of body weight with diets high in butter and margarine content]."
3.	Colonic Neoplasms (Colon Cancer) 07/01/1998 - "Although "substituters" (people who substituted low fat dairy products for high fat dairy products, margarine for butter, poultry for red meat, and whole grains for refined grains) were at reduced risk of colon cancer, the reduction in risk was not statistically significant. " 05/01/1986 - "Margarine was a significantly increased risk factor for cancer of the colon. " 01/21/1992 - "High consumption of margarine exerted a significant protection against cancer of the colon whereas high consumption of carrot spinach, whole-grain bread and pasta (favorably) and red meat (unfavorably) affected rectal cancer risk in particular. " 07/01/2008 - "A strong and positive association was observed for colonic cancer and the intake of coffee, tea and cocoa (r = 0.77, p = 0.042) whereas statistical significance of borderline value was found for margarine (r = 0.73, p = 0.06) and sweets (r = 0.74, p = 0.066) intake. " 01/01/1984 - "Statistical analyses disclosed that the groups of foods positively associated with cancer death were as follows: for esophageal cancer, pork, oil, popular-grade sake, and green tea; for stomach cancer, fresh fish, salted or dried fish, salt, and special-grade sake; for colon cancer, bread, milk, butter, margarine, ketchup, beer, and salted or dried fish; for rectal cancer, fresh fish, salted or dried fish, salt, and popular-grade sake; for cancer of the biliary passages, pork, popular-grade sake, and green tea; and for pancreatic cancer, oil, mayonnaise, fresh fish, and salted or dried fish. "
4.	Rectal Neoplasms (Rectal Cancer) 01/21/1992 - "High consumption of margarine exerted a significant protection against cancer of the colon whereas high consumption of carrot spinach, whole-grain bread and pasta (favorably) and red meat (unfavorably) affected rectal cancer risk in particular. " 01/01/1984 - "Statistical analyses disclosed that the groups of foods positively associated with cancer death were as follows: for esophageal cancer, pork, oil, popular-grade sake, and green tea; for stomach cancer, fresh fish, salted or dried fish, salt, and special-grade sake; for colon cancer, bread, milk, butter, margarine, ketchup, beer, and salted or dried fish; for rectal cancer, fresh fish, salted or dried fish, salt, and popular-grade sake; for cancer of the biliary passages, pork, popular-grade sake, and green tea; and for pancreatic cancer, oil, mayonnaise, fresh fish, and salted or dried fish. " 10/01/1984 - "The groups of foods statistically associated with cancer death are: pork, cooking oil and shochu (low class distilled spirits) for esophageal cancer; fresh fish, salted fish, vegetables and alcoholic beverages for stomach cancer; alcoholic beverages, salted or dried fish, vegetables, bread, milk, butter, margarine, ketchup, beer and fresh fish for colonic cancer; fresh fish, salted or dried fish, salt and popular grade sake for rectal cancer; pork, popular grade sake and green tea for cancer of the biliary passages; salted or dried fish, vegetables, alcoholic beverages, oil and fresh fish for pancreatic cancer; beef, poultry, eggs and vinegar for liver cancer. "
5.	Lung Neoplasms (Lung Cancer) 01/01/2000 - "Protective effects against lung cancer were observed for high consumption of tomatoes, (odds ratio (OR) = 0.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4-0.6), lettuce (OR = 0.6; 95% CI 0.3-1.2), carrots (OR = 0.8; 95% CI 0.5-1.1), margarine (OR = 0.7; 95% CI 0.5-0.8) and cheese (OR = 0.7; 95% CI 0.5-1.0). " 01/01/2002 - "The results also suggest that frequent consumption of carrots and frequent consumption of margarine can have a protective influence against lung cancer irrespective of the number of cigarettes smoked and the amount of vodka drunk." 09/01/1991 - "The relative risk of lung cancer for the lowest compared with the highest tertile of margarine intake was 4.0 (p less than 0.001), and that for fruits was 1.8 (p = 0.01). " 09/01/1991 - "In the total cohort, there was an inverse association between intake of margarine and fruits and risk of lung cancer. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Fats
2.	LDL Cholesterol
3.	Cholesterol
4.	Esters
5.	stigmastanol
6.	Leptin
7.	Vitamin D
8.	Olive Oil
9.	Lipids
10.	Trans Fatty Acids

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Tonsillectomy
3.	First Aid (Aids, First)
4.	Adenoidectomy