Manganese

A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035)

Networked: 1850 relevant articles (33 outcomes, 243 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Aschner, Michael: 46 articles (12/2015 - 03/2004)
2.	Bowman, Aaron B: 14 articles (08/2015 - 01/2010)
3.	Kim, Yangho: 13 articles (01/2016 - 12/2003)
4.	Batinic-Haberle, Ines: 11 articles (11/2015 - 08/2004)
5.	Dorman, David C: 11 articles (01/2012 - 06/2004)
6.	Zheng, Wei: 10 articles (09/2015 - 01/2005)
7.	Erikson, Keith M: 10 articles (12/2012 - 03/2004)
8.	Kazi, Tasneem Gul: 8 articles (04/2015 - 04/2008)
9.	Afridi, Hassan Imran: 8 articles (04/2015 - 04/2008)
10.	Brown, David R: 7 articles (09/2015 - 02/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Infection 10/01/2000 - "The assumption that one possible mechanism of action could be that manganese at such exposure levels disturbs certain protective functions in the lung--thus making the organism more susceptible to infections--is supported by toxicological studies. " 12/01/1982 - "On the 14th day of the infections, all four coccidial infections increased manganese absorption two- to fourfold that found in the controls in one trial but not in the second trial. " 09/01/2015 - "In contrast we found that a gain of function mutant of a manganese transporter caused reduction of manganese levels in prion infected cells, loss of observable PrP(Sc) in cells and resistance to prion infection. " 01/01/2015 - "Therefore, manganese acquisition is considered to be important for bacterial pathogenesis by counteracting the oxidative burst of phagocytic cells during host infection. " 03/01/2013 - "EfaR is a major regulator of Enterococcus faecalis manganese transporters and influences processes involved in host colonization and infection."
2.	Parkinsonian Disorders (Parkinsonism) 01/01/2015 - "Although both metallic NPs proved adversely bio-active in many respects considered in this study, Mn₃O₄-NPs were somewhat more noxious than NiO-NPs as concerns most of the non-specific toxicity manifestations and they induced more marked damage to neurons in the striatum and the hippocampus, which may be considered an experimental correlate of the manganese-induced Parkinsonism. " 09/01/2009 - "Prolonged exposure to high manganese concentrations (>1mg/m(3)) in air leads to a Parkinsonian syndrome known as "manganism." Of greatest concern are recent studies which indicate that neurological and neurobehavioral deficits can occur when workers are exposed to much lower levels (<0.2mg/m(3)) of inhaled manganese in welding fumes. " 11/01/2003 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate DAT function using (99m)Tc-TRODAT-1 to investigate the integrity of the presynaptic dopaminergic terminals in manganese-induced parkinsonism. " 12/01/2015 - "Moreover, they induced a more marked damaging effect in the neurons of the caudate nucleus and hippocampus which may be considered an experimental correlate of manganese-induced parkinsonism. " 07/01/2015 - "Homozygous mutations in SLC30A10 cause familial parkinsonism associated with manganese (Mn) retention. "
3.	Liver Diseases (Liver Disease) 05/01/1996 - "As dietary manganese is normally cleared by the liver, we hypothesize that hepatic dysfunction could lead to manganese overload and account for the MRI abnormalities seen in patients with chronic liver disease. " 12/01/1994 - "As manganese is primarily cleared by the liver, inadequate elimination of manganese absorbed from the normal diet may lead to manganese overload in patients with liver disease. " 09/01/2012 - "Air manganese levels and chronic liver disease mortality in North Carolina counties: an ecological study." 11/01/1996 - "In the present study, blood manganese concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry together with MRI and neurological evaluation in 57 cirrhotic patients with various etiologies and severity of liver disease. " 05/01/2014 - "Increased whole blood manganese concentrations have been reported in humans with primary liver disease. "
4.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/01/2013 - "Ultrashort echo time for improved positive-contrast manganese-enhanced MRI of cancer." 01/01/2014 - "Study on the relationship between manganese concentrations in rural drinking water and incidence and mortality caused by cancer in Huai'an city." 02/01/2010 - "To determine whether environmental manganese is related to cancer at the county level in North Carolina (n = 100 counties; North Carolina 2000 population = 8,049,313), we carried out an ecological study using data from the North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, North Carolina Geological Survey, US Geological Survey, and US Census. " 02/01/2010 - "Environmental manganese and cancer mortality rates by county in North Carolina: an ecological study." 01/01/1989 - "4. In contrast to in vitro studies, manganese supplementation appeared to exert no effect on tumor progression in vivo. "
5.	Parkinson Disease (Parkinson's Disease) 01/01/1994 - "Improved quantitative measurement of rapid alternating movements may prove to be an important tool in early and differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and manganese exposure." 09/11/2012 - "To examine associations of welding and manganese exposure with Parkinson disease (PD) using meta-analyses of data from cohort, case-control, and mortality studies. " 07/31/2008 - "The present study investigates the effects of divalent and trivalent manganese (Mn(2+)/Mn(3+)) mixture inhalation on mice to obtain a novel animal model of Parkinson disease (PD) inducing bilateral and progressive cell death in the substantia nigra compacta (SNc) and correlating these alterations with motor disturbances. " 07/01/2007 - "A study of the relationships between Parkinson's disease and markers of traffic-derived and environmental manganese air pollution in two Canadian cities." 04/01/2006 - "Some studies claim that manganese acts as a radical scavenger in unicellular organisms, while there have been other reports that manganese causes Parkinson's disease-like syndrome, DNA fragmentation, and interferes with cellular energy production. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Iron
2.	Aminosalicylic Acid (Rezipas)
3.	N,N'- bis(pyridoxal- 5- phosphate)ethylenediamine- N,N'- diacetic acid (mangafodipir)
4.	Fluorine
5.	Proline (L-Proline)
6.	Contrast Media
7.	Copper
8.	Zinc
9.	Superoxide Dismutase
10.	Calcium

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis)
2.	Chelation Therapy (Therapy, Chelation)
3.	Ovariectomy (Oophorectomy)
4.	Parenteral Nutrition
5.	Electrodes (Electrode)