Magnesium Deficiency (Deficiency, Magnesium)

A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936)

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Networked: 826 relevant articles (21 outcomes, 75 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Body Weight (Weight, Body)
2.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
3.	Myocardial Infarction
4.	Seizures (Seizure)
5.	Cardiac Arrhythmias (Arrythmia)

Experts

1.	Bac, Pierre: 9 articles (08/2012 - 11/2002)
2.	Mazur, Andrzej: 9 articles (12/2011 - 01/2002)
3.	Rayssiguier, Yves: 7 articles (06/2010 - 01/2002)
4.	Rock, Edmond: 6 articles (06/2010 - 01/2002)
5.	Spasov, A A: 5 articles (04/2014 - 08/2007)
6.	Altura, Burton M: 5 articles (01/2014 - 04/2002)
7.	Altura, Bella T: 5 articles (01/2014 - 04/2002)
8.	Maier, Jeanette A M: 5 articles (08/2013 - 02/2007)
9.	Vamecq, Joseph: 5 articles (08/2012 - 11/2002)
10.	Maurois, Pierre: 5 articles (08/2012 - 11/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Magnesium Deficiency:

1.	MagnesiumIBA 09/01/1999 - "This study investigated the correlation between the degree of magnesium deficiency and the efficacy of intravenous administration of magnesium in patients with variant angina. " 01/01/1991 - "The efficacy of oral magnesium supplementation in correcting magnesium deficiency was examined in a group of 40 elderly patients with suspected magnesium deficiency. " 01/01/2015 - "Critical Issues in the Study of Magnesium Transport Systems and Magnesium Deficiency Symptoms in Plants." 09/01/2014 - "Magnesium deficiency is associated with poor physical performance, but no trials are available on how magnesium supplementation affects elderly people's physical performance. " 09/01/2008 - "The objective of this study was to determine if people are indeed magnesium deficient or if the apparent magnesium deficiency is due to the composition of the infusate used in the load test. "
2.	Insulin (Novolin)FDA Link 11/01/2012 - "Hypomagnesemia is reported in type 2 diabetes; magnesium deficiency may play a role in the development of endothelial dysfunction and altered insulin function. " 02/01/2000 - "Magnesium deficiency modulates the insulin signaling pathway in liver but not muscle of rats." 01/01/1994 - "Furthermore, experimental magnesium deficiency reduces the tissues sensitivity to insulin. " 06/01/1993 - "Analysis showed that all subjects studied had a decrease in insulin sensitivity after magnesium deficiency (3.69 +/- 0.6 to 2.75 +/- 0.5 min-1 per microunit per milliliter x 10(-4), p < 0.03). " 10/01/1997 - "Insulin sensitivity can be improved by non-pharmacological means, essentially reduction of excessive body weight, promotion of regular physical activity and modification of dietary habits, as well as, possibly, cessation of smoking and correction of subclinical magnesium deficiency. "
3.	CalciumIBA 07/01/2013 - "Magnesium deficiency phenotypes upon multiple knockout of Arabidopsis thaliana MRS2 clade B genes can be ameliorated by concomitantly reduced calcium supply." 02/01/2012 - "Besides clinical course and laboratory diagnosis of hypomagnesaemia, the detection of renal calcium wasting and parathyroid function are crucial to differentiate between these most prevalent forms of hereditary magnesium deficiency. " 03/28/2011 - "These findings extend our understanding about how calcium and magnesium deficiency induces apoptosis." 03/28/2011 - "Cells undergo apoptosis in stressed status such as in intracellular calcium overload or extracellular calcium/magnesium deficiency. " 02/01/2005 - "Like wise, magnesium deficiency alters calcium metabolism, creating high iCa(2+), low serum calcium and low urinary calcium states even when calcium intake is adequate. "
4.	CeriumIBA 12/01/2009 - "The main aim of the study was to determine the role of cerium in the amelioration of magnesium-deficiency effects in spinach plants. " 02/01/1996 - "The present study was carried out to ascertain whether magnesium deficiency promotes accumulation of cerium in various organs of rats." 09/01/2011 - "Improvement of cerium of photosynthesis functions of maize under magnesium deficiency." 12/01/2009 - "Influences of magnesium deficiency and cerium on antioxidant system of spinach chloroplasts." 11/01/2009 - "The mechanism of the fact that cerium improves the photosynthesis of plants under magnesium deficiency is poorly understood. "
5.	FructoseIBA 06/01/1991 - "The synergistic interaction of fructose and magnesium deficiency on nephrocalcinosis was significantly greater in female than in male rats. " 12/01/2006 - "Since magnesium deficiency has a pro-inflammatory effect, the expected consequence would be an increased risk of developing insulin resistance when magnesium deficiency is combined with a high-fructose diet. " 09/01/1991 - "Diuresis and hypercitraturia in diabetic and/or obese animals may cause a reduction in nephrocalcinosis induced by the interaction between fructose and magnesium deficiency. " 12/01/2006 - "Accordingly, magnesium deficiency combined with a high-fructose diet induces insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, endothelial activation and prothrombic changes in combination with the upregulation of markers of inflammation and oxidative stress." 12/01/1994 - "In contrast, exogenous oestrogen interacted with fructose and magnesium deficiency to increase serum calcium concentration which caused a reduction of circulating parathyroid. "
6.	Calcium OxalateIBA 03/01/1982 - "The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of magnesium deficiency on intratubular calcium oxalate formation in rats from the 1st day of administration of a hyperoxaluric agent. " 03/01/1982 - "Previous studies have shown that magnesium deficiency accelerates renal tubular calcium oxalate monohydrate deposition in rats on chronic hyperoxaluric, lithogenic protocols. " 03/01/1982 - "The results support the supposition that under certain conditions magnesium deficiency is a significant risk factor for intrarenal calcium oxalate deposition and stone formation. " 03/01/1982 - "Effects of magnesium deficiency on intratubular calcium oxalate formation and crystalluria in hyperoxaluric rats." 07/01/1981 - "Calcium oxalate monohydrate deposition was found predominantly within the lumina of proximal tubules, and was markedly accelerated by magnesium deficiency. "
7.	Vitamin B 6IBA 08/01/1971 - "[Studies on urolithiasis: biochemical and histological studies of vitamin B 6 and magnesium deficiency]." 12/01/2002 - "In therapy it is known that the combination of vitamin B6 and magnesium is beneficial in the treatment of several forms of primary magnesium deficiency. " 11/01/1982 - "With pregnant Wistar-rats, suffering from alimentary magnesium deficiency, absorption and distributing of Mg28 has been studied, the latter having been applied as aspartate and as chloride, with and without simultaneous substitution of vitamin B6. " 09/01/2009 - "After reaching the magnesium deficiency state, animals were given oral (via tube) magnesium L-asparaginate and magnesium chloride lone and in combination with vitamin B(6), as well as the reference agent Magne B6. " 01/01/2002 - "After thoroughly researching the literature, I hypothesize that magnesium deficiency may be the central precipitating event and common pathway for the subsequent biochemical effects on substance P, kynurenine, NMDA receptors, and vitamin B6 that may result in the symptomatology of Tourette's syndrome and several reported comorbid conditions. "
8.	Epoprostenol (Prostacyclin)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2008 - "The increased prostacyclin production could provide protection against the cardiovascular effect of thromboxane which was increased by magnesium deficiency." 03/01/2012 - "In a previous study, we found that magnesium deficiency stimulated prostacyclin production and suggested that this stimulation resulted from an enhanced Ca2+ influx induced by magnesium deficiency. " 09/01/2008 - "Magnesium deficiency as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases was related to imbalance of thromboxane and prostacyclin in the vasculature. " 05/01/1987 - "Magnesium deficiency, prostacyclin deficiency and reduced prostacyclin sensibility of the thrombocytes may possibly play an important pathophysiological role in gestosis/pre-eclampsia. " 06/01/1994 - "When given at physiological doses, therapy with magnesium corrects the alterations in cellular function resulting from magnesium deficiency, whereas at higher dosages, which induce hypermagnesaemic levels, magnesium possesses pharmacological effects, such as the inhibition of the calcium influx: this may alter the electrophysiological properties of heart cells, decrease catecholamine secretion, influence the synthesis of prostacyclin and/or alter platelet function. "
9.	AntioxidantsIBA 06/01/1994 - "These data suggest that magnesium deficiency predisposes postischemic hearts to enhanced oxidative injury and functional loss, and that antioxidants may offer significant protection against the pro-oxidant influence(s) of magnesium deficiency." 11/01/2002 - "The results clearly demonstrate that magnesium deficiency is associated with increased oxidative stress through reduction in plasma antioxidants and increased lipid peroxidation suggesting that the increased oxidative stress may be due to increased susceptibility of body organs to free radical injury." 08/21/2012 - "The roles of free radicals, cytokines, neuropeptides, endotoxin, endogenous antioxidants, and vascular permeability, and interventions to limit the inflammatory response associated with these parameters, are outlined in basic studies of magnesium deficiency. " 12/01/2009 - "The enhancement of lipids peroxide of spinach chloroplast grown in magnesium-deficiency media suggested an oxidative attack that was activated by a reduction of antioxidative defense mechanism measured by analysing the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, as well as antioxidants such as carotenoids and glutathione content. "
10.	IronIBA 03/01/1988 - "Evidence is presented that both iron deficiency and magnesium deficiency can result in a significant reduction in exercise performance; however, the biochemical lesions underlying the reductions in exercise performance have not been identified. " 02/01/2000 - "Influence of magnesium deficiency on the bioavailability and tissue distribution of iron in the rat." 12/01/1994 - "Potentiation of magnesium-deficiency-induced foetotoxicity by concomitant iron deficiency and its prevention by adequate supply via drinking water." 01/01/2010 - "Iron deficiency anaemia was associated with increased TNF production in infected individuals and overall with increased IL-10 production, while magnesium deficiency induced increased production of IL-10 by 46% (13% to 144%) in uninfected donors. " 05/01/1987 - "Iron-, manganese-, or magnesium-deficiency has been induced in Euglena gracilis. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Oral Administration 09/01/1996 - "Oral administration of single doses of 600 or 1,200 mg ofloxacin/kg body weight and magnesium deficiency were sufficient to induce gross structural cartilage defects. " 01/01/1991 - "The study suggests that the bioavailability of orally given magnesium-lactate-citrate is satisfactory, and that oral administration of magnesium for 6 weeks may restore magnesium depots in patients with magnesium deficiency." 07/01/2011 - "We compared the efficiency of different stereoisomers of organic magnesium salts (Mg DL-, Mg D-, and Mg L-aspartate and Mg L- and Mg DL-glutamate) after oral administration under conditions of furosemide-induced magnesium deficiency. "
2.	Transplants (Transplant) 07/01/2015 - "Moreover, observations from alternate study populations, animal experiments or in vitro studies suggest a possible role of magnesium deficiency in graft dysfunction, bone metabolism and transplant immunology. " 05/01/1967 - "Magnesium deficiency AND CELL TRANSPLANT."
3.	Ion-Selective Electrodes (Ion-Selective Electrode) 07/01/1972 - "Effect of magnesium deficiency on serum and urinary ions in rats: studies with ion-selective electrodes."
4.	Induced Heart Arrest (Cardioplegia) 12/01/1994 - "We undertook a study to evaluate the patterns of magnesium deficiency that may develop during and following coronary artery bypass operation without cardioplegia. "
5.	Coronary Artery Bypass (Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery) 12/01/1994 - "We undertook a study to evaluate the patterns of magnesium deficiency that may develop during and following coronary artery bypass operation without cardioplegia. "