Lordosis

The anterior concavity in the curvature of the lumbar and cervical spine as viewed from the side. The term usually refers to abnormally increased curvature (hollow back, saddle back, swayback). It does not include lordosis as normal mating posture in certain animals ( = POSTURE + SEX BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL).

Networked: 1404 relevant articles (70 outcomes, 122 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Kyphosis
2.	Scoliosis
3.	Pain (Aches)
4.	Pseudarthrosis (Pseudoarthrosis)
5.	Neck Pain (Cervicalgia)

Experts

1.	Frye, Cheryl A: 35 articles (07/2014 - 08/2002)
2.	Uphouse, Lynda: 24 articles (10/2015 - 06/2002)
3.	Etgen, Anne M: 21 articles (09/2013 - 02/2002)
4.	González-Flores, Oscar: 18 articles (12/2015 - 01/2004)
5.	Walf, Alicia A: 18 articles (03/2014 - 07/2004)
6.	Hiegel, Cindy: 16 articles (10/2015 - 06/2003)
7.	Frye, C A: 16 articles (09/2014 - 10/2000)
8.	Pfaff, D W: 12 articles (10/2013 - 02/2000)
9.	Beyer, Carlos: 12 articles (09/2013 - 03/2006)
10.	Sinchak, Kevin: 11 articles (01/2015 - 03/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Lordosis:

1.	ProgesteroneFDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1988 - "Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats rarely exhibit progesterone-facilitated lordosis following steroid treatments which are effective in females. " 05/01/1976 - "As none of the tested compounds were effective in replacing progesterone in adrenalectomized animals, adrenal secretion is likely to be implicated in the lordosis activating effect of these compounds. " 07/01/2011 - "Mechanisms responsible for progesterone's protection against lordosis-inhibiting effects of restraint II. Role of progesterone metabolites." 02/01/1999 - "The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that cGMP acts as a progesterone substitute to facilitate lordosis in oestrogen-primed rats. " 04/01/1998 - "This study investigated the inhibitory effect of progesterone (P) on lordosis behavior facilitated by androgen. "
2.	Estrogens (Estrogen)FDA Link 10/01/2000 - "These results suggest that P is effective in suppressing lordosis enhanced by estrogen in either male rats or females. " 06/01/1999 - "Reduced efficacy of 8-OH-DPAT's inhibition of lordosis behavior by prior estrogen treatment." 05/10/2005 - "In a previous behavioral study, brief application of a membrane-limited estrogen to neurons in rat hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMN) facilitated lordosis behavior-inducing genomic actions of estrogen. " 11/01/2001 - "Several studies suggest that when manipulated experimentally in adulthood, the lordosis response to estrogen can be increased dramatically in male rats. " 04/01/1998 - "The results of both studies were related to increases during the latter half of pregnancy in nuclear estrogen receptor concentrations in the MPOA, an area that mediates estrogen stimulation of maternal behavior, and the absence of such increases during pregnancy in the VMH, an area that mediates estrogen stimulation of lordosis behavior."
3.	estradiol 3-benzoate (estradiol benzoate)IBA 09/01/1983 - "Two days after a single injection of estradiol benzoate (100 micrograms/kg body wt) in ovariectomized rats, a significantly greater number (7.8 +/- 0.2) of lordosis responses could be elicited before the response was exhausted (P less than 0.01). " 09/01/2015 - "The acute administration of estradiol benzoate (EB) to the ovariectomized (OVX) rat induces low levels of lordosis while sexually appetitive behaviors (e.g., hops, darts, solicitations) are absent, yet the repeated administration of EB results in a behavioral sensitization in which lordosis is potentiated and sexually appetitive behaviors are induced. " 09/01/2014 - "In female rats sexual receptivity (lordosis) can be induced with either a single large dose of estradiol benzoate (EB), or a priming dose of EB that does not induce sexual receptivity followed by 17β-estradiol (E2). " 07/01/2014 - "A brief restraint experience reduces lordosis behavior in ovariectomized females that have been hormonally primed with estradiol benzoate. " 02/01/2014 - "Rats without prior hormonal priming showed a decline in lordosis behavior after restraint but prior priming with estradiol benzoate reduced this effect. "
4.	Estradiol (Estrace)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2014 - "Lordosis is facilitated when MPN MOR are deactivated after the initial estradiol-induced activation. " 09/01/2014 - "Reproductive behavior (i.e., increased lordosis) was enhanced with estradiol-priming and infusions of 3α,5α-THP to the VTA. " 09/01/2014 - "The hypothesis tested was that if PXR is involved in estradiol-mediated biosynthesis of 3α,5α-THP and reproductive behavior, knocking down expression of PXR in the VTA of estradiol-primed, but not vehicle-primed, rats should decrease lordosis and midbrain 3α,5α-THP; effects may be attenuated by 3α,5α-THP administered to the VTA. " 09/01/2014 - "Role of pregnane xenobiotic receptor in the midbrain ventral tegmental area for estradiol- and 3α,5α-THP-facilitated lordosis of female rats." 01/01/2014 - "Estradiol upregulates the ARH OFQ/N-ORL-1 system projecting to the MPN that regulates lordosis."
5.	Progesterone Receptors (Progesterone Receptor)IBA 02/01/1996 - "In the present study, we investigated whether there is an asymmetry in the distribution of progestin receptors in the hypothalamus, and whether the asymmetry in distribution is associated with receptivity as indicated by lordosis quotients. " 06/01/1988 - "Because manipulations of the noradrenergic system affect both lordosis behavior and progestin receptor levels in female guinea pigs, the present study attempted to determine if the noradrenergic (NE) system affects lordosis solely because of its impact on progestin receptors. " 04/01/2015 - "These findings allow the suggestion that the emergence of lordosis behavior is relatively resistant to the antiprogestin while the maintenance of lordosis behavior after restraint may require participation of intracellular progesterone receptors. " 10/01/2013 - "Expression of the primary female sex behaviour, lordosis, in laboratory animals depends on oestrogen-induced expression of progesterone receptor (PgR) within a defined cell group in the ventrolateral portion of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH). " 07/01/2011 - "These findings offer evidence that ligand-activated progesterone receptor mechanisms contribute to the maintenance of lordosis behavior in the presence of mild stress."
6.	TitaniumIBA 01/01/2001 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a cylindrical titanium mesh and locking plate system as an alternative technique in achieving anterior cervical fusion and maintaining lordosis. " 05/01/2013 - "In this retrospective study, we present our experience with performing anterior cervical corpectomy in one or two levels using expandable titanium cages in order to achieve stable reconstruction and restoration of cervical lordosis. " 09/01/2008 - "To compare interbody fusion, segmental lordosis and changes in disc and foramen height in patients who had received instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) with 1 or 2 closed-box titanium cages. " 11/01/2007 - "Titanium cage interbody fusion with concomitant use of anterior plating provides immediate biomechanical stability, successfully restores and maintains posterior interbody height and cervical lordosis to ensure satisfactory long-time outcomes." 09/01/2004 - "Analysis of these findings demonstrated that titanium cage-assisted ACDF provided long-term stabilization, increased lordosis, increased segmental height, and increased foraminal height. "
7.	polyetheretherketoneIBA 06/01/2007 - "The goal of our study was to investigate a series of patients with circumferential fixation using anterior PEEK cages for degenerative lumbar spine disorders with a specific interest in the local lordosis. " 04/01/2015 - "In all patients, the PEEK cage maintained a significant increase in segmental lordosis at all postoperative visits. " 01/01/2014 - "The most pronounced loss of lordosis was found in PEEK cages (-4.1°). " 01/01/2011 - "The PEEK cage is comparable to the anterior cervical plate in the maintenance of post-operative cervical lordosis." 01/01/2011 - "Regional lordosis for the PEEK cage and plate was decreased by 2.5 and 2.1 degrees, respectively for the same time period. "
8.	Clonidine (ST 155)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1989 - "Finally, lordosis was not facilitated in EB-primed, 20-day-old females by the alpha-noradrenergic agonist, clonidine, a treatment which was effective in adult females. " 03/01/1989 - "Since 20-day-old, EB-treated females also did not exhibit clonidine-facilitated lordosis, incomplete development of the central steroid-responsive and/or noradrenergic systems may contribute to the inability to display steroid-induced estrous behavior at this age." 03/01/1989 - "Second, presumably through competitive inhibition of SKF-64139 binding to alpha receptors, treatment with clonidine (an alpha receptor agonist) overrode the inhibitory effects of SKF-64139 on lordosis. " 12/01/1987 - "In nonandrogenized animals clonidine significantly reduced the capacity for lordosis behavior. " 04/27/1979 - "Thus, the facilitatory effects of clonidine on lordosis appear to be mediated by activation of postsynaptic alpha-adrenergic (i.e. "
9.	HormonesIBA 07/01/1989 - "The present study provides no evidence that AVP acts within the MPOA-AH to inhibit hamster lordosis, but demonstrates that ovarian hormones and male social contact block the induction of flank marking by AVP microinjected into the MPOA-AH. " 01/01/1986 - "In the present study, midbrain single unit activity was recorded during hormonal induction of lordosis, to identify neuronal activity mediating the sensorimotor control of the response and to observe functional changes in these neurons associated with the hormones' behavioral effect. " 11/01/2013 - "There were significant interactions between hormone and cannabinoid treatment on lordosis quotient, percentage of exits following male sexual stimulation, and contact-return latency for intromissions. " 05/01/2012 - "Female receptivity including the immobile hormone-dependent lordosis posture is essential for successful reproduction in rodents. " 04/01/2011 - "In females, key questions remain regarding the mechanisms whereby ovarian hormones modulate VMH function to promote lordosis."
10.	Serotonin (5 Hydroxytryptamine)IBA 08/17/1998 - "These studies provide evidence that the effects of 5-HT on female rat lordosis behavior involve the integrated activity of at least 3 different 5-HT receptor families." 01/01/1992 - "Together with behavioral studies by others, it emerges from our findings that the inhibitory action of 5-HT on VMN neurons is associated with, and may be responsible for, the stimulation of feeding and inhibition of lordosis, while the excitatory action is related and may lead to the opposite behavioral effects. " 06/01/2011 - "These findings are consistent with prior work that has implicated hypothalamic serotonin in control of lordosis behavior and in the effect of mild restraint on the behavior. " 01/23/2009 - "Serotonin (5-HT) is known to play a role in the suppression of the lordosis response in males. " 09/01/2007 - "This offers a comparable effect on lordosis as a result of the two 5-HT agents used."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Injections 05/01/1989 - "In a separate experiment, unilateral injections of an undiluted sCCK-8 antiserum into the MPN produced significant reduction in lordosis behavior in highly receptive females when compared with a normal rabbit serum injected control group. " 11/28/1997 - "Antisense (without or with 4 mismatches) ODN injections near the VMHVL resulted in a significant reduction in lordosis quotient compared to control (reverse sense) ODN treatment or to antisense ODN injections targeted anterior or posterior to the VMHVL. " 03/01/1984 - "We also demonstrated that the 19 hr E injection could be eliminated and that two injections of E (0.5 microgram at hr 0 and 1.0 microgram at hr 28 followed by 0.5 mg P at hr 39) was at least as effective (69.0% responding) as three split injections in facilitating lordosis. " 03/01/2014 - "7 patients out of 8 showed a real improvement in their symptoms after an average of 3 injections, showing a decrease of 4.5 points on the VAS score and an average increment of 15° in cervical lordosis. " 09/01/2015 - "However, repeated injections of 5μg or 10μg EB (but not 2μg EB), administered every 4days to sexually-experienced OVX rats results in a behavioral sensitization, such that lordosis quotients (LQs) and appetitive behaviors progressively increase. "
2.	Osteotomy 01/01/2013 - "Segmental instrumentation with osteotomies was also more effective for restoration of physiologic lumbar lordosis compared with anterior stand-alone procedures. " 04/01/2007 - "Combined anterior and posterior surgery is more effective in improving lordosis than posterior-only surgery without osteotomies. " 09/15/2005 - "Our hypotheses were that when comparing three or more SPOs to a single PSO, the correction of kyphotic angle at the osteotomy site would be nearly identical in each group, the correction in C7 plumb and lumbar lordosis would be identical, the SPO group would have equal tendencies to decompensation as the PSO group, blood loss would be identical in the two groups, and improvement in Oswestry scores would be identical in each group. " 06/01/2008 - "The average increase in lordosis and improved sagittal balance were 81.9 degrees and 17.1 cm. Mean correction through the osteotomy site was 42.2 degrees (range, 31-55 degrees). " 05/01/2014 - "In this study, we focused specifically on measuring the reorientation of the pelvis and upper thoracic segments and investigated the influence of pelvic incidence, osteotomy level, and regional lordosis gain. "
3.	Decompression 11/01/2015 - "Posterior decompression and stabilization in lordosis is a valuable procedure for patients affected by multilevel CSM, leading to significant clinical improvement thanks to the spinal cord back shift. " 06/01/2012 - "Posterior spinal cord decompression for this condition has been successful in our case, and we believe that the lumbar lordosis may have helped indirectly decompress the spinal cord by posterior decompression alone. " 08/01/2009 - "The Cobb angle and physiologic lordosis angle of patients who underwent multi-segment (>3 segments) fusion improved to a greater extent than did that of patients who had simple decompression without fusion. " 11/01/2015 - "The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of posterior decompression and stabilization in lordosis for multilevel CSM. " 02/01/2011 - "If having technical difficulties and posterior decompression was alternatively performed, instrumented fusion was recommended to help to restore cervical lordosis and produce better results according to this study."
4.	Traction 12/01/2014 - "This study suggests that improved lordosis of the cervical spinal column can result in traction injury to the spinal cord and C5 nerve roots and that reoperation does not always produce good results. " 06/01/1995 - "The efficacy of cervical extension-compression traction combined with diversified manipulation and drop table adjustments in the rehabilitation of cervical lordosis: a pilot study." 01/01/1995 - "The efficacy of cervical extension-compression traction combined with diversified manipulation and drop table adjustments in the rehabilitation of cervical lordosis: a pilot study." 09/01/1994 - "The efficacy of cervical extension-compression traction combined with diversified manipulation and drop table adjustments in the rehabilitation of cervical lordosis: a pilot study." 02/01/2005 - "Surgical treatment followed a period of progressive reduction by traction and suspension in lordosis using a hammock. "
5.	Transplants (Transplant) 05/01/1996 - "Dr. Klara feels that the interposed graft restores foraminal height and maintains cervical lordosis, both of which are important to a good outcome." 03/01/2012 - "Blood loss (102.81±51.3 and 149.05±74, respectively, P=0.000), NDI scores (P=0.000), and instrumentation and graft related-complications (P=0.032) were significantly lower in the ACDF group, whereas operation time (138.07±30.9 and 125.08±26.4, respectively, P=0.021) and segmental lordosis (P=0.000) were significantly greater in the ACDF group. " 01/01/2015 - "The VariLift(®) system, FDA-cleared for standalone use in both the cervical and lumbar spine, is implanted in a minimal profile and then expanded in situ to provide segmental stability, restored lordosis, and a large graft chamber. " 05/01/2015 - "The study suggests that an articulating delivery arm system facilitates superior anterior and midline TLIF graft placement allowing for increased segmental lordosis compared with a traditional straight delivery arm system." 05/01/2015 - "We performed a single-surgeon, prospective, randomized study to determine whether a novel articulating versus traditional straight graft delivery arm system allows for superior graft placement and increased lordosis for single-level TLIF. "