Lipodystrophy

A collection of heterogenous conditions resulting from defective LIPID METABOLISM and characterized by ADIPOSE TISSUE atrophy. Often there is redistribution of body fat resulting in peripheral fat wasting and central adiposity. They include generalized, localized, congenital, and acquired lipodystrophy.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1655 relevant articles (75 outcomes, 170 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Insulin Resistance
2.	HIV Infections (HIV Infection)
3.	Dyslipidemias (Dyslipidemia)
4.	Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
5.	Hyperinsulinism (Hyperinsulinemia)

Experts

1.	Domingo, Pere: 32 articles (01/2015 - 12/2002)
2.	Gorden, Phillip: 27 articles (01/2016 - 02/2002)
3.	Garg, Abhimanyu: 27 articles (10/2015 - 02/2002)
4.	Capeau, Jacqueline: 24 articles (01/2013 - 05/2002)
5.	O'Rahilly, Stephen: 18 articles (01/2015 - 04/2003)
6.	Mantzoros, Christos S: 16 articles (10/2015 - 02/2003)
7.	Andersen, Ove: 16 articles (03/2015 - 10/2003)
8.	Villarroya, Francesc: 16 articles (01/2015 - 02/2005)
9.	Martínez, Esteban: 16 articles (01/2015 - 12/2002)
10.	Vigouroux, Corinne: 16 articles (01/2013 - 01/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Lipodystrophy:

1.	LeptinIBA 10/01/2013 - "New therapies such as leptin have been proven to be helpful in some genetic or acquired forms of lipodystrophy. " 01/01/2015 - "Recombinant leptin is beneficial in patients with congenital leptin deficiency or generalized lipodystrophy. " 01/01/2010 - "The aims of this study were to determine whether leptin replacement in lipodystrophy patients ameliorates their metabolic abnormalities over an extended period of time and whether leptin therapy is effective in the different forms of lipodystrophy. " 01/01/2010 - "Leptin is effective in the various forms of lipodystrophy, whether they are acquired or inherited, generalised or partial. " 01/01/2010 - "Efficacy of leptin therapy in the different forms of human lipodystrophy."
2.	Insulin (Novolin)FDA Link 11/01/2010 - "Injection site rotation is an important component of insulin administration and is helpful in preventing lipodystrophy in type 1 diabetes (T1DM). " 02/01/2015 - "The frequency of RDKA was significantly greater in the T1DM adolescents with a higher HbA1c level, lipodystrophy, and those who had discontinued insulin treatment. " 06/01/2007 - "The lipoaspiration is thus a simple and effective treatment of lipodystrophies due to insulin." 10/01/2008 - "Twenty sedentary HIV-infected men with lipodystrophy were randomly assigned to supervised strength or endurance training three times a week for 16 wk. The primary endpoints were improved peripheral insulin sensitivity (euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp combined with isotope-tracer infusion) and body fat composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan). " 10/01/2011 - "Findings of this study revealed that despite using a recombinant human insulin, the frequency of the lipodystrophy particularly of lipohypertrophy still remained high level. "
3.	Glucose (Dextrose)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2000 - "Membranous lipodystrophy presenting with palilalia: a PET study of cerebral glucose metabolism." 04/01/2014 - "Patients with lipodystrophy have high fasting and glucose-stimulated ISR. " 07/01/2013 - "However, t10, c12-CLA evokes severe lipodystrophy in mice that results in impaired glucose metabolism. " 01/01/2013 - "Twenty-five HIV-infected men with lipodystrophy (LD) and 15 age-matched healthy controls, received an oral glucose tolerance test and a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (50 mU/m2/min) combined with 6,6-H2 glucose infusion. " 10/01/2012 - "To test this hypothesis, we inhibited MSTN signaling in a diabetic model of generalized lipodystrophy to analyze its effects on glucose metabolism separate from effects on adipose mass. "
4.	tesamorelinFDA Link 03/01/2009 - "A multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase III clinical trial suggested that tesamorelin might be a beneficial treatment strategy for HIV-related lipodystrophy with a good safety profile and a positive effect on reducing visceral fat. " 10/01/2010 - "Additional long-term outcome trials are required to determine the long-term safety of tesamorelin and to evaluate whether this agent, or other GRF agonists, could reduce the cardiovascular risk associated with lipodystrophy-related metabolic complications and help to maintain a more normal distribution of body fat." 04/01/2011 - "Tesamorelin: A hope for ART-induced lipodystrophy." 12/15/2010 - "FDA approves tesamorelin for HIV-related lipodystrophy." 03/01/2009 - "This article reviews the development of tesamorelin and its purported role in HIV-related lipodystrophy and other potential indications. "
5.	Protease Inhibitors (Protease Inhibitor)IBA 06/01/2002 - "This study suggests that multiple factors are associated with the occurrence of lipodystrophy, including the prolonged use of protease inhibitors." 10/01/2000 - "Prospective controlled studies are needed to define whether protease inhibitors currently under development are less prone to produce the lipodystrophy syndrome." 10/01/2000 - "A review of 15 observational studies and case reports shows that the incidence of the peripheral lipodystrophy syndrome increases with time of exposure to protease inhibitors, with a >60% incidence seen after 1 year of continuous treatment. " 05/01/1999 - "Three recent studies have examined switching people with lipodystrophy from a protease inhibitor to an NNRTI-type drug. " 01/01/1998 - "Incidences of side effects such as lipodystrophy, diabetes, and high blood fat levels have been reported by many studies, although a specific connection of these side effects to protease inhibitors has not been established. "
6.	Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)IBA 12/01/2013 - "The mtDNA subhaplogroup L3e appeared to be protective against lipodystrophy, as none of 11 subjects with this subhaplogroup presented with lipodystrophy. " 01/01/2015 - "Our data suggest that mitochondrial DNA levels may help to guide therapy selection with regards to HIV lipodystrophy risk. " 10/01/2008 - "Our study indicates that, in HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy, mtDNA haplogroups are not related to major metabolic changes or to particular viroimmunologic features." 01/01/2007 - "We assessed mtDNA content in adipocytes from both thigh and lumbar subcutaneous adipose tissue (n=19), and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) (n=26), obtained from 26 HIV-1-infected patients classified as having lipodystrophy (n=17) or not having lipodystrophy (n=9) according to the validated definition derived from the Lipodystrophy Case Definition Study. " 01/01/2015 - "The receiver operating curve analysis demonstrated that using plasma mitochondrial DNA level (with cut-off value <5.09 log10 copies/ml) as a molecular marker allowed identification of patients with lipodystrophy with a sensitivity of 64.2% and a specificity of 73.0%. "
7.	Nevirapine (Viramune)FDA Link 01/01/2008 - "PI substitution with nevirapine improved lipid profile in our patients, although this strategy did not show significant changes in body fat or lipodystrophy." 09/01/2005 - "Conclusions The results indicate that switching from PI to nevirapine is as effective as continuing with PI for maintaining viral control, even in patients with baseline viral load above 100,000 copies/mL. In addition, reductions in hypertriglyceridaemia and lipodystrophy and in the effort required to stay on treatment were observed." 11/01/2011 - "Further studies are needed to verify if nevirapine overcomes the expected distinct lipodystrophy risk profile associated with different nucleoside backbone therapies." 11/01/2011 - "Improvements in body shape changes associated with lipodystrophy have also been reported when nevirapine replaced a PI in long-term triple therapy. " 09/01/2005 - "Lipodystrophy changes increased in 15% of patients in the PI arm but decreased in 4% of patients in the nevirapine arm. "
8.	Ritonavir (Norvir)FDA Link 01/01/2016 - "Quantifying changes in adipogenic gene expression in the presence of ritonavir may help to identify therapeutic targets for HIV lipodystrophy. " 05/01/2010 - "These changes in FA metabolism may, in part, explain the increased FA efflux observed in ritonavir-associated lipodystrophy." 05/01/2005 - "Gout was seen in patients with known risk factors for gout or who were receiving ritonavir as a boosted PI and who also had lipodystrophy." 01/01/2016 - "The protease inhibitor ritonavir is associated with the development of lipodystrophy. " 04/01/2010 - "Lopinavir/ritonavir plasma levels were correlated with an increase in lipodystrophy. "
9.	LipidsIBA 09/22/2007 - "After 6 months of follow-up, 97% and 84% patients had less than 400 and 50 cp/ml, respectively, and the CD4 cell count increased by 38 cel/ml. Lipids, lipodystrophy and peripheral polineuropathy improved but there was no statistical significance. " 07/01/2009 - "Secondary outcomes were time to treatment failure, virological failure, adverse events, and changes in CD4 count, fasting plasma lipids, lipodystrophy, body fat, bone mineral density, and renal function. " 06/01/2008 - "Poisson regression models were used to assess the relation between diabetes and exposure to cART after adjusting for known risk factors for diabetes, CD4 count, lipids, and lipodystrophy. " 02/01/2006 - "Fasting blood glycemia and lipids, lipodystrophy score and body fat were also determined. " 05/01/2004 - "The mechanisms and treatment strategies for IR in HIV-lipodystrophy are unclear, but data suggest that intramuscular lipids contribute to IR in this population. "
10.	ThymidineIBA 12/01/2006 - "The potential for reversing lipodystrophy once it has developed is limited, but promising results in preventing it are obtained with thymidine analogue-sparing initial antiretroviral regimens. " 07/01/2009 - "Although there is no known therapy to completely reverse lipodystrophy once it becomes established, there is evidence that lipoatrophy can be partially improved by replacing thymidine analogs in certain cases. " 07/01/2004 - "Progression of lipodystrophy (LD) with continued thymidine analogue usage: long-term follow-up from a randomized clinical trial (the PIILR study)." 01/01/2014 - "In this cohort of patients taking non-thymidine-based regimens, after 36 m without a clinically evident lipodystrophy, no significant changes in FMR were observed. " 04/30/2004 - "In patients with moderate-to-severe lipodystrophy, significant improvements in subcutaneous fat continued over 104 weeks after switching from a thymidine analogue to ABC. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) 08/01/2007 - "HIV-1/highly active antiretroviral therapy-associated lipodystrophy syndrome (HALS) is presently the most common long-term adverse effect limiting the doubtless efficacy of antiretroviral therapy. " 02/01/2011 - "Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been hugely beneficial in the treatment of HIV, HIV lipodystrophy (HIVLD) associated with HAART is a serious adverse effect, with long-term consequences including metabolic disturbances and an increased risk of atherosclerotic disease. " 04/01/2012 - "More than 15 years after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy, HIV/HAART-associated lipodystrophy syndrome still shadows the indisputable efficacy of antiretroviral therapy. " 01/01/2015 - "Furthermore, FDG PET/CT may be useful for assessing the efficacy of HAART in suppressing HIV replication and detecting its complication such as lipodystrophy. " 04/01/2012 - "Pharmacological interventions to treat this condition have yielded mostly disappointing results, and the only intervention which offers an immediate aesthetical improvement for patients with HIV/HAART-associated lipodystrophy syndrome is plastic surgery. "
2.	Lipectomy (Liposuction) 03/01/2012 - "We report a case of a patient with lipedema who was treated with suction-assisted lipectomy and use of compression garments, with successful treatment of the lipodystrophy and maintenance of improved aesthetic results at 4-year postoperative follow-up." 02/01/2014 - "We have demonstrated that liposuction along with controlled compression therapy is a safe and effective treatment for managing lipodystrophy secondary to congenital analbuminaemia. " 01/01/1997 - "[Superficial liposuction: a new treatment for lipodystrophies]." 07/01/2009 - "The purpose of this clinical study was to establish liposuction and lipoinjection as a noncosmetic procedure in children to correct lipodystrophies. " 02/01/2014 - "Liposuction for lower limb lipodystrophy in congenital analbuminaemia: a case report."
3.	Caloric Restriction 03/01/1983 - "These data suggest that caloric restriction improved carbohydrate tolerance in patients with lipodystrophy whereas fenfluramine, in the absence of caloric restriction, has no long-term beneficial effect." 09/01/1983 - "Previous studies have suggested that reduction of dietary fat intake, with or without caloric restriction, may lead to improvement in certain of the characteristic abnormalities that accompany total lipodystrophy (TLD). " 03/01/1983 - "In an attempt to differentiate the effect of fenfluramine hydrochloride from that of caloric restriction on carbohydrate tolerance in patients with lipodystrophy, parameters of carbohydrate homeostasis were studied in patients with lipodystrophy during periods of fenfluramine treatment and during periods of caloric restriction. " 03/01/1983 - "The effect of fenfluramine and caloric restriction on carbohydrate homeostasis in patients with lipodystrophy."
4.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 02/12/1999 - "Other major issues discussed included using immunity studies as predictors of response to therapy, problems related to lipodystrophy and other metabolic issues, viral drug resistance, long-term effects of drug therapies, perinatal transmission, and discoveries of new targets for potential drugs." 10/01/2013 - "We propose HSCT as a new etiology for acquired partial lipodystrophy and recommend that patients who undergo HSCT with TBI and intensive chemotherapy early in their lives must receive careful observation for the possible development of lipodystrophy and metabolic complications. " 07/01/2006 - "Drug therapy may improve some of these metabolic disturbances, but to date there are no treatments for lipodystrophy with proven benefit. " 04/01/2003 - "For those who had experienced serious illness related to HIV, there was a more sanguine acceptance of lipodystrophy as an unfortunate consequence of longevity and drug therapy Health professionals need to address the psychosocial implications of lipodystrophy, including the ways in which it may affect different groups and their adherence to therapy. " 09/01/2002 - "In this population, the lipodystrophy appears to be a direct consequence of drug therapy. "
5.	Meditation 06/01/2006 - "More conventional CAM, such as exercise, diet, and vitamins as well as meditation/prayer were perceived to be effective for lipodystrophy as well as for improving the overall sense of well-being. "