Plasma Cell Leukemia

A rare, aggressive variant of MULTIPLE MYELOMA characterized by the circulation of excessive PLASMA CELLS in the peripheral blood. It can be a primary manifestation of multiple myeloma or develop as a terminal complication during the disease.

Also Known As:

Networked: 261 relevant articles (21 outcomes, 16 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Multiple Myeloma
2.	Residual Neoplasm
3.	Plasmacytoma
4.	Amyloidosis
5.	Primary Myelofibrosis (Myelosclerosis)

Experts

1.	Neri, Antonino: 4 articles (09/2015 - 02/2005)
2.	Palumbo, Antonio: 3 articles (12/2015 - 06/2007)
3.	Richardson, P: 3 articles (01/2014 - 07/2001)
4.	Anderson, K C: 3 articles (01/2014 - 07/2001)
5.	Musto, Pellegrino: 3 articles (06/2013 - 06/2007)
6.	Fabris, Sonia: 3 articles (06/2013 - 02/2005)
7.	Kruk, Barbara: 3 articles (02/2011 - 11/2004)
8.	Pogłód, Ryszard: 3 articles (02/2011 - 11/2004)
9.	Kraj, Maria: 3 articles (02/2011 - 11/2004)
10.	Barlogie, Bart: 2 articles (12/2015 - 06/2014)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Plasma Cell Leukemia:

1.	bortezomib (Velcade)FDA Link 08/01/2006 - "Bortezomib is effective in primary plasma cell leukemia." 02/01/2014 - "Treatment with bortezomib-based regimens improves overall response and predicts for survival in patients with primary or secondary plasma cell leukemia: Analysis of the Greek myeloma study group." 01/01/2014 - "Here we showed that chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) is highly expressed in patients with MM, plasma cell leukemia cells and increased in patient cells resistant to bortezomib treatment. " 05/01/2010 - "Retrospective case series of three patients with plasma cell leukemia treated with bortezomib-based regimens." 05/01/2009 - "Case 2: a 46-year-old woman was receiving bortezomib treatment for plasma cell leukemia. "
2.	Dexamethasone (Maxidex)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2004 - "Effective treatment of primary plasma cell leukemia with thalidomide and dexamethasone - a case report." 01/01/2014 - "The disease was refractory to bortezomib-dexamethasone (BD) therapy and progressed to plasma cell leukemia despite the treatment. " 01/01/2014 - "Lenalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone for newly diagnosed primary plasma cell leukemia." 07/01/2008 - "Response of primary plasma cell leukemia to the combination of bortezomib and dexamethasone: do specific cytogenetic and immunophenotypic characteristics influence treatment outcome?" 01/01/2007 - "Effective combination therapy of bortezomib and dexamethasone for a plasma cell leukemia patient with multiple osteolytic lesions and extramedullary involvement."
3.	Melphalan (Alkeran)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2014 - "This is the first reported case of secondary plasma cell leukemia (sPCL) resistant to new drugs that was successfully treated by high-dose melphalan in combination with VAD therapy and Auto-PBSCT. " 12/01/2014 - "Melphalan/total body irradiation-conditioned myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for patients with primary plasma cell leukemia." 10/08/1977 - "Plasma cell leukemia following treatment with radiotherapy and melphalan." 03/01/2008 - "[Plasma cell leukemia induced to complete remission with negative minimal residual disease by qualitative PCR analysis after hyper-CVAD and high-dose melphalan followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation]." 12/01/1987 - "In patients with primary plasma cell leukemia, multiple alkylating agents produced a higher response rate than did melphalan, but the median time from treatment to progression or death was not significantly improved with such therapy. "
4.	Thalidomide (Thalomid)FDA Link 12/01/2007 - "A 68-year-old man diagnosed with primary plasma-cell leukemia was given thalidomide maintenance treatment for his disease. " 07/01/2007 - "Nonsecretory primary plasma cell leukemia with good response to thalidomide-based treatment." 01/01/2007 - "Thalidomide does not modify the prognosis of plasma cell leukemia patients: experience of a single center." 01/01/2003 - "Thalidomide administration for the treatment of resistant plasma cell leukemia." 04/01/2001 - "Thalidomide has recently enjoyed renewed interest as a treatment in many disorders, including plasma cell leukemia. "
5.	Immunoglobulin D (IgD)IBA 01/01/2015 - "A case of CD138-/CD19+/CD4+ IgD plasma cell leukemia." 12/01/1999 - "Nonsecretory myeloma, immunoglobulin D myeloma, and plasma cell leukemia." 06/15/1986 - "IgD plasma cell leukemia associated with pyroglobulinemia and pyroglobulinuria." 11/01/1985 - "IgD myeloma with plasma cell leukemia." 01/01/1984 - "The case of a 74-year-old female with an IgD kappa plasma cell leukemia is presented. "
6.	Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1987 - "A patient with primary plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is presented, who had an excellent response to high-dose cyclophosphamide and prolonged survival. " 01/01/1987 - "A patient with primary plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is presented who had an excellent response to high-dose cyclophosphamide and prolonged survival. " 11/01/1997 - "Consolidation therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation in plasma cell leukemia after VAD, high-dose cyclophosphamide and EDAP courses: a report of three cases and a review of the literature." 08/01/2011 - "Effectiveness and safety of high-dose cyclophosphamide as salvage therapy for high-risk multiple myeloma and plasma cell leukemia refractory to new biological agents." 03/01/2000 - "A diagnosis of plasma cell leukemia was made, and the patient was placed on chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide and prednisolone. "
7.	lenalidomide (CC 5013)FDA Link 07/01/2007 - "Effectiveness of lenalidomide (Revlimid) for the treatment of plasma cell leukemia." 11/01/2009 - "Lenalidomide can induce graft versus leukemia effect in primary plasma cell leukemia: a case report." 01/01/2014 - "Lenalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone for newly diagnosed primary plasma cell leukemia." 10/01/2008 - "Salvage therapy with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in relapsed primary plasma cell leukemia." 03/01/2010 - "To determine the effect of dexamethasone on the antimyeloma effects of lenalidomide, we tested in vitro proliferation, tumor suppressor gene expression, caspase activity, cell cycling, and apoptosis levels in a series of multiple myeloma (MM) and plasma cell leukemia cell lines treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone, alone or in combination. "
8.	Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2009 - "Complete remission of primary plasma cell leukemia with bortezomib, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone: a case report." 10/01/2008 - "Bortezomib, doxorubicin and dexamethasone association is an effective option for plasma cell leukemia induction therapy." 07/01/2001 - "Treatment of plasma cell leukemia with vincristine, liposomal doxorubicin and dexamethasone." 01/01/1989 - "Primary plasma cell leukemia: a case report of successful responder to a combination chemotherapy of vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone." 05/01/2007 - "Here, we report a case of secondary plasma cell leukemia from Immunoglobulin D multiple myeloma refractory to doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy and thalidomide. "
9.	Vincristine (Oncovin)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2001 - "Treatment of plasma cell leukemia with vincristine, liposomal doxorubicin and dexamethasone." 01/01/1989 - "Primary plasma cell leukemia: a case report of successful responder to a combination chemotherapy of vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone." 09/01/1994 - "Plasma cell leukemia as well as myelofibrosis improved with combination chemotherapy using vincristine, pirarubicin, and dexamethasone. " 07/01/2002 - "Intermediate doses of melphalan and dexamethasone are better than vincristine, adriamycin, and dexamethasone (VAD) and polychemotherapy for the treatment of primary plasma cell leukemia." 08/01/1991 - "Thirty patients with refractory lymphoid malignancies [multiple myeloma (MM): 8, plasma cell leukemia (PCL): 2, acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL): 5, chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis: 1, chronic lymphocytic leukemia in blast crisis: 1, adult T-cell leukemia: 1, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL): 9, Hodgkin's disease (HD): 3] were treated with VAD regimen (vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone). "
10.	Prednisone (Sone)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1977 - "A 76-year-old man with plasma cell leukemia was treated with L-phenylalanine mustard and prednisone (CLGB 7461). " 09/01/2010 - "Durable complete remission of primary plasma cell leukemia with the bortezomib plus melphalan and prednisone (VMP) regimen." 01/01/2012 - "A 70-year-old man was diagnosed as plasma cell leukemia and one course of ranimustine-vindesine, melphalan, and prednisolone followed by melphalan and prednisone (MP) maintained a very good partial response. " 12/31/1983 - "The first patient was treated with a polychemotherapy regimen that included vincristine, cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil and prednisone, and the second patient with melphalan and prednisone; the third one, who started with plasma cell leukemia, received total body irradiation at the dose of 600 rad. " 07/01/1996 - "We report a case of de novo plasma cell leukemia, resistant to standard VMD (vincristine, mitoxantrone, dexamethasone) and CVP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone) protocols, treated with a chemotherapy intensification regimen (high-dose cyclophosphamide, modified EDAP, Dexa-BEAM) and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, performed using fractionated total body irradiation and high dose melphalan. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Combination Drug Therapy (Combination Chemotherapy) 09/01/1995 - "Primary plasma cell leukemia with extensive dense osteosclerosis: complete remission following combination chemotherapy." 07/01/2007 - "Efficacy of bortezomib in combination chemotherapy on secondary plasma cell leukemia." 05/01/2007 - "Combination chemotherapy with bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone may be effective for plasma cell leukemia." 05/01/2007 - "Our experience suggests that combination chemotherapy with bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone may be an effective induction treatment for plasma cell leukemia." 01/01/1989 - "Primary plasma cell leukemia: a case report of successful responder to a combination chemotherapy of vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone."
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 10/01/1998 - "We report a patient affected by plasma cell leukemia treated with aggressive chemotherapy and autologous CD34-selected PBPC who achieved a complete remission now lasting more than 2 years. " 07/01/2000 - "Following chemotherapy, the patient developed secondary plasma cell leukemia. " 12/01/1987 - "Patients with secondary plasma cell leukemia usually show resistance to any type of chemotherapy and have a short survival." 01/01/1985 - "Favorable response to aggressive chemotherapy in a patient with primary plasma cell leukemia." 03/01/1984 - "[Plasma cell leukemia resistant to chemotherapy, with special reference to cytogenetic markers, 14q+ and double minute chromosomes]."
3.	Stem Cell Transplantation 05/01/2010 - "Primary plasma cell leukemia and autologous stem cell transplantation." 04/01/2010 - "[Cauda equina relapse after autologous stem cell transplantation in a patient with primary plasma cell leukemia]." 04/01/2005 - "Primary plasma cell leukemia: report of 17 new cases treated with autologous or allogeneic stem-cell transplantation and review of the literature." 02/01/2002 - "Anti-CD20 antibody as consolidation therapy in a patient with primary plasma cell leukemia after high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation." 02/01/1999 - "Isolated neurological relapse following stem cell transplantation in plasma cell leukemia: a report of two cases."
4.	Transplants (Transplant) 02/01/1998 - "The disease relapsed 3 months after the transplant as plasma cell leukemia and the patient succumbed in 4 weeks. " 05/01/2012 - "Hematopoietic cell transplantation for primary plasma cell leukemia: results from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research." 05/01/2010 - "There was no difference in type of graft or use of total body irradiation between patients with plasma cell leukemia and multiple myeloma, but the group with plasma cell leukemia was transplanted earlier after diagnosis (6.0 versus 7.7 months, P=0.000). " 05/01/2010 - "Patients with plasma cell leukemia were more likely to enter complete remission after transplantation but their overall survival (25.7 months, 95% confidence interval 19.5-31.9 months) was inferior to that of patients with multiple myeloma (62.3 months, 95% confidence interval 60.4-64.3 months) (P=0.000), due to the short duration of their post-transplant response and increased non-relapse-related mortality. " 10/01/1998 - "Long-lasting complete remission in plasma cell leukemia after aggressive chemotherapy and CD34-selected autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplant: molecular follow-up of minimal residual disease."
5.	Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation (Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation) 04/01/2010 - "We report a rare case showing involvement with the cauda equina after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for primary plasma cell leukemia (PCL). " 07/01/1996 - "Effective autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in plasma cell leukemia followed by T-large granular lymphocyte expansion: a case report." 12/01/2008 - "[Long-term complete remission in primary plasma cell leukemia after treatment with VAD chemotherapy and tandem autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation]." 12/01/2008 - "Taken together, although primary plasma cell leukemia is a rare hematologic malignancy with poor prognosis, the intensive chemotherapy followed by tandem autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation may well improve the clinical outcome." 03/01/2008 - "[Plasma cell leukemia induced to complete remission with negative minimal residual disease by qualitative PCR analysis after hyper-CVAD and high-dose melphalan followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation]."