Lentigo (Lentiginosis)

Small circumscribed melanoses resembling, but differing histologically from, freckles. The concept includes senile lentigo ('liver spots') and nevoid lentigo (nevus spilus, lentigo simplex) and may also occur in association with multiple congenital defects or congenital syndromes (e.g., Peutz-Jeghers syndrome).

Also Known As:

Networked: 144 relevant articles (6 outcomes, 13 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Melanosis (Freckles)
2.	Cafe-au-Lait Spots (Spot, Cafe-au-Lait)
3.	Seborrheic Keratosis
4.	Erythema
5.	Nevus of Ota

Experts

1.	Imokawa, Genji: 5 articles (07/2013 - 04/2004)
2.	Nakajima, Hiroaki: 3 articles (07/2013 - 07/2012)
3.	Hachiya, Akira: 2 articles (01/2015 - 11/2006)
4.	Ohuchi, Atsushi: 2 articles (01/2015 - 11/2006)
5.	Kawashima, Makoto: 2 articles (07/2013 - 05/2004)
6.	Wakabayashi, Yuki: 2 articles (03/2013 - 07/2012)
7.	Lee, Jongsung: 2 articles (12/2011 - 06/2007)
8.	Park, Deokhoon: 2 articles (12/2011 - 06/2007)
9.	Tadokoro, Taketsugu: 2 articles (10/2011 - 06/2010)
10.	Landthaler, Michael: 2 articles (11/2009 - 01/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Lentigo:

1.	CosmeticsIBA 04/01/2010 - "Senile lentigo--cosmetic or medical issue of the elderly population." 01/01/2009 - "In this paper we present data from several studies that claim to have examined and demonstrated the efficacy of cosmetic preparations for the management of solar damage and aging skin as well as lentigo and melanosis according to EBM criteria. " 09/01/1996 - "Indications for medium-depth chemical peels include both medical conditions, such as diffuse photodamage with contiguous actinic keratoses, and cosmetic conditions, such as the aging face and solar lentiginosis. " 06/01/2012 - "COX-2 inhibitors might therefore be of particular use in whitening cosmetics for hyperpigmentation disorders such as melasma, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation and solar lentigo." 06/01/2010 - "The purpose of this study was to assess the in vivo efficacy of a cosmetic formulation containing plant extracts including orchid extracts, compared to 3% vitamin C derivative formulated with the same excipient, in Japanese female adult volunteers with melasma and/or lentigo senilis. "
2.	Plant ExtractsIBA 06/01/2010 - "Whitening efficacy of plant extracts including orchid extracts on Japanese female skin with melasma and lentigo senilis." 06/01/2010 - "The good agreement between the results of clinical evaluations and those of questionnaire surveys showed that the orchid-rich plant extracts possess efficacy similar to vitamin C derivative in whitening the skin as well as melasma and lentigo senilis on the face of Japanese women." 06/01/2010 - "The purpose of this study was to assess the in vivo efficacy of a cosmetic formulation containing plant extracts including orchid extracts, compared to 3% vitamin C derivative formulated with the same excipient, in Japanese female adult volunteers with melasma and/or lentigo senilis. "
3.	Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2010 - "The good agreement between the results of clinical evaluations and those of questionnaire surveys showed that the orchid-rich plant extracts possess efficacy similar to vitamin C derivative in whitening the skin as well as melasma and lentigo senilis on the face of Japanese women." 06/01/2010 - "The purpose of this study was to assess the in vivo efficacy of a cosmetic formulation containing plant extracts including orchid extracts, compared to 3% vitamin C derivative formulated with the same excipient, in Japanese female adult volunteers with melasma and/or lentigo senilis. "
4.	Melanins (Melanin)IBA 04/01/2013 - "Skin colour, colour contrast, the size of the solar lentigo, epidermal proliferation rate, melanin and haemoglobin content were quantified. " 07/01/2010 - "Moreover, noninvasive confocal imaging revealed that pigmented melanocytes varied in each solar lentigo after QSRL treatment, as indicated by melanin reflection level. " 07/01/2010 - "In vivo microscopic approaches for facial melanocytic lesions after quality-switched ruby laser therapy: time-sequential imaging of melanin and melanocytes of solar lentigo in Asian skin." 06/01/2014 - "The photo-protective effects of red orange extract intake against UV-induced skin erythema and melanin production in solar lentigo was evaluated on healthy volunteers by an objective instrumental method (reflectance spectrophotometry). " 01/01/2015 - "Melanin and erythema levels of a target and a control lentigo were objectively measured using a narrowband reflectance spectrophotometer. "
5.	glycolic acid (glycolate)IBA 11/01/1996 - "Q-switched ruby laser application is safe and effective for the management of actinic lentigo (topical glycolic acid is not)." 06/01/1999 - "Twenty patients with diffuse melasma were treated with a solution composed of 50% glycolic acid and 10% kojic acid whereas 20 patients with localized hyperpigmentations (lentigo) were treated with 15%-25% trichloroacetic acid. "
6.	styrene-methylmethacrylate copolymerIBA 07/01/2015 - "Extensive lentigo simplex, linear epidermolytic naevus and epidermolytic naevus comedonicus caused by a somatic mutation in KRT10." 10/01/2011 - "FTC-associated SP was considered to be lentigo simplex by dermatoscopy and pathological appearance. " 02/15/1997 - "In 15 patients (nine women and six men), QSRL treatment was applied to solar lentigines (to patients), labial lentigines (2), segmental lentigines (2) and lentigo simplex (1): The light energy ranged from 3 to 10 J/sq.cm. In 11 of 15 patients, one treatment session sufficed to remove the lesion completely. " 05/01/1995 - "We interpret this lesion as agminated blue naevi in association with lentigo simplex, an unusual variant of speckled lentiginous naevus." 05/01/1990 - "Excisional biopsy specimens were obtained to confirm lentigo simplex. "
7.	Endothelin B ReceptorIBA 01/01/2015 - "Since our continuous studies using skin specimens from more than 30 subjects with ethnic skin diversity emphasized a consistent augmentation in the expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and its receptor (Endothelin B receptor, ET-B) in hyperpigmented lesions, including senile lentigos (SLs), the precise function of ET-1 signaling was investigated in the present study. " 05/01/2004 - "We previously reported that accentuated expression of the endothelin-1 (ET-1)/endothelin B receptor (ET(B)R) cascade is involved in the mechanism of hyperpigmentation in lentigo senilis (LS) lesions. " 04/01/2001 - "These findings suggest that an accentuation of the epidermal endothelin cascade, especially with respect to expression of endothelin and the endothelin B receptor, plays an important role in the mechanism involved in the hyperpigmentation of lentigo senilis." 04/01/2001 - "In this study, we have used immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis to clarify the role of the endothelin cascade, including endothelin production, processing by endothelin-converting enzyme, and expression of the endothelin B receptor, in the hyperpigmentary mechanism(s) involved in lentigo senilis. " 04/01/2001 - "Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis concomitantly demonstrated accentuated expression of transcripts for endothelin-1 and for the endothelin B receptor in lentigo senilis lesional skin, which was accompanied by a similar accentuated expression of tyrosinase mRNA compared with the perilesional control. "
8.	Endothelin-1 (Endothelin 1)IBA 01/01/2015 - "Since our continuous studies using skin specimens from more than 30 subjects with ethnic skin diversity emphasized a consistent augmentation in the expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and its receptor (Endothelin B receptor, ET-B) in hyperpigmented lesions, including senile lentigos (SLs), the precise function of ET-1 signaling was investigated in the present study. " 05/01/2004 - "We previously reported that accentuated expression of the endothelin-1 (ET-1)/endothelin B receptor (ET(B)R) cascade is involved in the mechanism of hyperpigmentation in lentigo senilis (LS) lesions. " 11/01/2006 - "The two paracrine melanogenic cytokines, stem cell factor (SCF) and endothelin-1 (ET-1), have been demonstrated to play pivotal roles in skin pigmentation including UVB-induced pigmentation and senile lentigo. " 04/01/2001 - "Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis concomitantly demonstrated accentuated expression of transcripts for endothelin-1 and for the endothelin B receptor in lentigo senilis lesional skin, which was accompanied by a similar accentuated expression of tyrosinase mRNA compared with the perilesional control. "
9.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 06/01/2007 - "To clarify further the mechanisms underlying the development of solar lentigo, we carried out gene expression analysis in skin biopsy specimens obtained from human solar lentigines using DNA microarray analysis. " 05/01/2001 - "Comparison of DNA ploidy-related parameters between lentigos with and without exonic deletions in MSH2 and MLH1 did not show any significant differences. " 09/01/2002 - "In this study we investigated the statistical relationship between these systems and DNA-ploidy-related parameters in 19 naevus cell naevi, 23 lentigos maligna, 76 primary melanomas and 31 melanoma metastases, applying the correlation coefficient according to Spearman. " 08/01/1993 - "We measured DNA ploidy in six cases of subungual melanotic lesions which exhibited the features of subungual pigmented nevus or lentigo simplex histologically. "
10.	Endothelins (Endothelin)IBA 04/01/2001 - "The role of the epidermal endothelin cascade in the hyperpigmentation mechanism of lentigo senilis." 04/01/2001 - "These findings suggest that an accentuation of the epidermal endothelin cascade, especially with respect to expression of endothelin and the endothelin B receptor, plays an important role in the mechanism involved in the hyperpigmentation of lentigo senilis." 07/01/2013 - "We previously reported that increased expression of the endothelin (EDN)1/EDNB receptor (EDNBR) as well as the stem cell factor (SCF)/SCF receptor (c-KIT) linkages is mainly responsible for the activation of melanocytes in the epidermal hyperpigmentation of ultraviolet (UV)-B melanosis and lentigo senilis (LS). " 03/01/2013 - "We previously demonstrated that the hyperpigmentation that occurs in UVB-melanosis as well as in solar lentigos is associated with the increased production of melanogenic cytokines, such as endothelin (EDN)-1 and stem cell factor (SCF), by keratinocytes in those areas of the skin. " 04/01/2001 - "In this study, we have used immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis to clarify the role of the endothelin cascade, including endothelin production, processing by endothelin-converting enzyme, and expression of the endothelin B receptor, in the hyperpigmentary mechanism(s) involved in lentigo senilis. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Solid-State Lasers 11/01/1996 - "A study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of single q-switched ruby laser exposure to erase actinic lentigo. " 01/01/2006 - "A case is reported of the successful use of Q-switched ruby laser in the treatment of solar lentigo on the face." 03/01/1999 - "Frequency-doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) and 35% TCA were applied to the medial and lateral halves of each lentigo respectively. " 02/01/1998 - "Failure of Q-switched ruby laser to eradicate atypical-appearing solar lentigo: report of two cases." 11/01/1997 - "A Q-switched ruby laser was used for treatment of 10 patients with solar lentigo and 12 patients with café-au-lait macules. "
2.	Lasers (Laser) 01/01/2006 - "The recent development of short-pulsed, pigment-specific lasers has enabled physicians to selectively destroy the pigment within the solar lentigo lesions with significant clinical improvement, low risk of adverse effects, and high patient acceptance. " 06/01/2015 - "Objective Evaluation of the Effect of Q-Switched Nd:YAG (532 nm) Laser on Solar Lentigo by Using a Colorimeter." 01/01/2012 - "Established pigment lasers have been used in partial unilateral lentiginosis (PUL) have shown unsatisfactory results. " 07/01/2010 - "Optical techniques facilitate the evaluation of the in vivo dynamics of epidermal-melanocytic changes in solar lentigo after QSRL therapy and may be useful for monitoring outcomes after laser irradiation." 05/01/2001 - "Laser treatment of lentiginosis in an Afro-Caribbean."
3.	Cryotherapy (Therapy, Cold) 05/01/2000 - "Localized dermabrasion is an efficacious and effective technique comparable to cryotherapy for the treatment of solar lentigo on the back of the hands." 05/01/2000 - "Ten female patients aged 64-96 years with solar lentigo on the back of the hands were treated with dermabrasion or cryotherapy and observed over a 6-month period. " 05/01/2000 - "Clinical comparative study between cryotherapy and local dermabrasion for the treatment of solar lentigo on the back of the hands." 01/01/1983 - "A 68-year-old white female with lentigo malignans of the right conjunctiva and lid developed recurrent malignant melanomas of the conjunctiva 16 years after, lesions were treated by local excision and cryotherapy on several occasions. " 03/01/2008 - "Efficacy and safety of cryotherapy vs. trichloroacetic acid in the treatment of solar lentigo."
4.	Dermabrasion 05/01/2000 - "Localized dermabrasion is an efficacious and effective technique comparable to cryotherapy for the treatment of solar lentigo on the back of the hands." 05/01/2000 - "Ten female patients aged 64-96 years with solar lentigo on the back of the hands were treated with dermabrasion or cryotherapy and observed over a 6-month period. " 05/01/2000 - "Clinical comparative study between cryotherapy and local dermabrasion for the treatment of solar lentigo on the back of the hands." 05/01/2000 - "This study was done to assess the efficacy and the effectiveness of localized dermabrasion compared with cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen on solar lentigo on the back of the hands. "
5.	Cryosurgery 01/01/2007 - "A comparative study of focal medium-depth chemical peel versus cryosurgery for the treatment of solar lentigo." 11/01/1999 - "Treatment of solar lentigo with cryosurgery." 07/01/1990 - "Treatment of solar lentigo includes cryosurgery followed by topical tretinoin and topical hydroquinone. "