Leishmaniasis

A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).

Also Known As:

Networked: 2326 relevant articles (170 outcomes, 245 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Infection
2.	Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala Azar)
3.	Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis)
4.	Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
5.	Communicable Diseases (Infectious Diseases)

Experts

1.	Khamesipour, Ali: 31 articles (12/2015 - 12/2002)
2.	Salotra, Poonam: 23 articles (10/2015 - 04/2004)
3.	Sundar, Shyam: 21 articles (02/2015 - 08/2005)
4.	Carvalho, Edgar M: 20 articles (11/2015 - 12/2002)
5.	Reed, Steven G: 16 articles (06/2015 - 08/2002)
6.	Gupta, Suman: 15 articles (01/2015 - 08/2004)
7.	Ramesh, V: 14 articles (10/2015 - 03/2001)
8.	Soto, Manuel: 13 articles (11/2015 - 01/2003)
9.	Rafati, Sima: 13 articles (10/2015 - 05/2003)
10.	Barral-Netto, Manoel: 13 articles (05/2015 - 10/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Leishmaniasis:

1.	AntigensIBA 10/21/2015 - "There is currently no clinically effective vaccine against leishmaniasis because of poor understanding of the antigens that elicit dominant T cell immunity. " 08/01/2002 - "These data demonstrate success at designing and developing a prophylactic leishmaniasis vaccine that proved effective in a preclinical model using multiple leishmanial antigens produced as a single protein delivered with a powerful Th1 adjuvant suitable for human use." 09/01/2013 - "Soluble Leishmania antigens (SLA) provide suitable protection against leishmaniasis in murine model when delivered by an appropriate delivery system. " 07/20/2007 - "The results demonstrate that HASPB1 and H1 antigens in combination with Montanide were able to induce partial protection against canine leishmaniasis, even under extreme experimental challenge conditions." 03/01/1998 - "The promastigote surface antigen-2 (PSA-2) is a Leishmania parasite antigen, which can induce Th1-mediated protection against murine leishmaniasis when used as a vaccine. "
2.	VaccinesIBA 01/01/2016 - "Nevertheless, despite remaining obstacles there is good reason to be optimistic that safe and effective vaccines against leishmaniasis can be developed. " 08/15/1991 - "Additionally, it may be possible to use Leishmania bearing conditionally auxotrophic gene replacements as safe, improved live vaccines for leishmaniasis." 10/01/2011 - "A suitable adjuvant and delivery system are needed to enhance efficacy of vaccines against leishmaniasis. " 07/30/2009 - "Efficacy of killed whole-parasite vaccines in the prevention of leishmaniasis: a meta-analysis." 04/01/2008 - "These results have generic implications for the understanding of DC-driven Th cell responses and the development of improved DC vaccines against leishmaniasis."
3.	miltefosineIBA 08/28/2014 - "Therefore, the identification of miltefosine, an effective and safe oral drug, was considered a significant advancement in leishmaniasis therapy. " 04/01/2006 - "Miltefosine is the first effective and safe oral agent with the potential to treat all major clinical presentations of leishmaniasis." 11/01/2012 - "Miltefosine: a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of leishmaniasis." 12/09/2006 - "[Miltefosine: a new remedy for leishmaniasis]." 01/01/2014 - "We report here the preliminary results of a phase II clinical trial in patients with mucosal leishmaniasis, in which the efficacy of oral miltefosine versus the antimonial compound was assessed. "
4.	Antimony Sodium Gluconate (Sodium, Stibogluconate)IBA 07/01/1981 - "Two cases of leishmaniasis recidivans of twenty years' duration were treated intravenously with sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) with good results. " 07/01/1994 - "Sodium stibogluconate is the mainstay of treatment for all forms of leishmaniasis. " 12/01/1998 - "Safety and efficacy of intravenous sodium stibogluconate in the treatment of leishmaniasis: recent U.S. " 07/01/1994 - "Efficacy of 28-day and 40-day regimens of sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) in the treatment of mucosal leishmaniasis." 03/01/1992 - "Recommendations for treating leishmaniasis with sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) and review of pertinent clinical studies."
5.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 01/01/2001 - "A multicentric study of this new diagnostic tool which is also effective in patients co-infected by leishmaniasis and HIV is currently in progress in Sudan, India, Nepal, Brazil and Spain. " 06/06/2012 - "Liposomal SLA co-incorporated with PO CpG ODNs or PS CpG ODNs induce the same protection against the murine model of leishmaniasis." 04/01/2015 - "anduzei is anthropophilic, co-exists in areas of high leishmaniasis transmission and has been found infected with L. " 01/01/2015 - "Unexpected co-detection of promastigote and amastigote Leishmania forms in a human cutaneous lesion: implications for leishmaniasis physiopathology and treatment." 11/01/2014 - "PKDL and other dermal lesions in HIV co-infected patients with Leishmaniasis: review of clinical presentation in relation to immune responses."
6.	AntimonyIBA 06/01/2012 - "For over 60 years, pentavalent antimony (Sb(v)) has been the first-line treatment of leishmaniasis. " 03/01/2012 - "Although various systemic and topical treatments have been proposed for leishmaniasis, pentavalent Antimony compounds remain the first-line treatment for it. " 12/01/2011 - "Drugs based on pentavalent antimony are first-line treatment of the parasite disease leishmaniasis. " 12/01/2007 - "Using operational clinical and cost data, we calculated that the cost of treating leishmaniasis patients with standard pentavalent antimony was US$345 (95% CI 277-488) per patient treated and cured. " 02/24/1996 - "A study was carried out in dogs to define the pharmacokinetic profile of antimony and to define a better therapeutic protocol for the treatment of canine leishmaniasis. "
7.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 02/01/2005 - "Cross-protective efficacy of a prophylactic Leishmania donovani DNA vaccine against visceral and cutaneous murine leishmaniasis." 01/01/2012 - "The immune parameters induced against LACK and triggered by the combined vaccination DNA/MVA protocol, like polyfunctionality of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells with an effector phenotype, could be relevant in protection against leishmaniasis." 02/01/2007 - "Thus, TRYP DNA/TRYP MVA, but not TRYP DNA alone, provides long-term protection against murine leishmaniasis." 12/01/2006 - "The presence of Leishmania in peripheral blood was therefore evaluated by PCR using DNA samples isolated from patients presenting active cutaneous or mucosal disease, and from individuals cured by antimonial treatment as well as individuals without a past history of leishmaniasis but with a positive Montenegro skin test, all living in L. " 01/01/2015 - "The main objectives of this study were to (i) detect Leishmania DNA and (ii) identify blood meal sources in wild caught female sand flies in the zoonotic leishmaniasis region of Algarve, Portugal/Southwestern Europe. "
8.	Amphotericin B (Amphotericin)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2015 - "Since, Leishmania protozoans are obligate intracellular parasites of macrophages, an immunopotentiating macrophage-specific Amphotericin B (AB) delivery system would be ideally appropriate to increase its superiority for leishmaniasis treatment and to eliminate undesirable toxicity. " 07/01/2015 - "Current treatments of leishmaniasis include pentavalent antimonials and amphotericin B, however, the toxic side effects of these drugs and difficulty with distribution makes these options less than ideal. " 05/01/2015 - "New delivery systems for amphotericin B applied to the improvement of leishmaniasis treatment." 04/05/2015 - "Nanoemulsions loaded with amphotericin B: a new approach for the treatment of leishmaniasis." 04/01/2015 - "The diagnosis of leishmaniasis was unexpected, and the patient was successfully treated with amphotericin B for five weeks. "
9.	meglumine antimoniateIBA 02/01/2002 - "Results from a study are reported in which patients with leishmaniasis were monitored by whole blood, blood plasma, urine, and hair analysis, before, during, and after intramuscular administration of N-methyl meglumine antimoniate. " 03/01/2015 - "major to glucantime were evaluated with amastigote macrophage and mice model of leishmaniasis. " 09/01/2014 - "Antimonial compounds such as meglumine antimoniate (glucantime) are the first line drugs for the treatment of leishmaniasis. " 03/01/2014 - "These results indicate that GALMAN-A is three times more potent and its oxovanadium complex is twelve times more potent than Glucantime (300μg/ml), which is the drug of choice in leishmaniasis treatment. " 01/01/2014 - "The conventional treatment for tegumentary leishmaniasis is meglumine antimoniate, which needs parenteral administration, has increased therapeutic failure, and produces serious adverse effects, justifying the search for therapeutic alternatives. "
10.	Liposomes (Liposome)IBA 05/04/1991 - "In animals AmB incorporated into liposomes is highly effective against experimental leishmaniasis, with low toxicity. " 11/01/2009 - "In this study, the role of liposome bilayer composition with different phase transition temperature (T(c)) to induce a T helper 1 (Th1) type of immune response and protection against leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice was assessed. " 04/01/2009 - "In this study, the role of liposome charge in induction of a Th1 type of immune response and protection against leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice was studied. " 07/01/2012 - "It is concluded that cationic liposomes containing SLA and CpG ODNs are appropriate to induce Th1 type of immune response and protection against leishmaniasis." 03/01/1978 - "Improved therapy of experimental leishmaniasis by use of a liposome-encapsulated antimonial drug."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/2015 - "The most effective treatment for leishmaniasis is the chemotherapy and besides the high cost, these drugs are toxic and require a long period of treatment. " 01/01/2014 - "Chemotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for Leishmaniasis. " 04/01/2012 - "Owing to the unsatisfactory nature of the currently available chemotherapies, new approaches have been assessed for improved therapeutic intervention strategies against leishmaniasis. " 09/01/2014 - "Our results provide insights into the development of an alternative approach to improved management of leishmaniasis through a combination of chemotherapy with stimulation of the innate immune system." 01/01/2014 - "The current situation for the chemotherapy of leishmaniasis is more promising than it has been for several decades with both new drugs and new formulations of old drugs either recently approved or in clinical trials. "
2.	Therapeutics 01/01/2015 - "Superior efficacy, desired stability and reliable safety of cost-effective LcfPGNP-AmB, suggest its potential for leishmaniasis therapeutics." 07/01/2007 - "braziliensis (pI 4-7, M(r) 10-130 kDa) and provides a very useful tool for comparative studies of strains isolated from patients presenting different clinical manifestations of leishmaniasis as well as a potential tool to identify markers for clinical diagnosis, therapeutics, and prognosis." 09/15/2011 - "Plant derived therapeutics for the treatment of Leishmaniasis." 03/01/2007 - "Efforts for the development of new therapeutics, essential for the control of leishmaniasis rely mainly on screening of potentially effective compounds in pathogen growth/multiplication assays, both in vitro and in vivo. " 08/01/2015 - "Study provides evidence for MnosCNc-AB potential to leishmaniasis therapeutics and presents valuable therapeutic strategies for combating chronic macrophage-resident microbial infections."
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 07/01/2015 - "Whole blood samples for the coagulation profile were collected from symptomatic dogs with leishmaniasis (group S), asymptomatic dogs with leishmaniasis after treatment (group T), and a control group of healthy dogs (group H). " 07/01/2015 - "Evaluation of hemostasis using thromboelastometry in dogs with leishmaniasis before and after treatment. " 01/01/2003 - "Mucosal leishmaniasis: in situ characterization of the host inflammatory response, before and after treatment." 08/01/1998 - "Leishmaniasis relapsed in one patient 4 months after treatment withdrawal. " 01/01/1998 - "An evaluation of clinical, serologic, anatomopathologic and immunohistochemical findings for fifteen patients with mucosal leishmaniasis before and after treatment."
4.	Photochemotherapy (Photodynamic Therapy) 01/01/2015 - "Although PcZns photodynamic therapy provided promising results, further studies are necessary to better understand its mechanism of action in the treatment of leishmaniasis. " 07/15/2008 - "Carbaporphyrin ketals as potential agents for a new photodynamic therapy treatment of leishmaniasis." 10/01/2006 - "Photodynamic therapy against Leishmania could be a promising strategy for leishmaniasis treatment." 06/01/2006 - "There are other reports of clinical applications of antimicrobial action of photodynamic therapy in dermatology (acne vulgaris, leishmaniasis, warts, etc.). " 07/01/2010 - "Liposomal zinc phthalocyanine as a potential agent for photodynamic therapy of leishmaniasis."
5.	Immunotherapy 05/29/2006 - "route), which was effective in immunotherapy of cutaneous murine leishmaniasis. " 09/01/2009 - "Recent studies indicate that certain strategies aimed at modulating the host immune response (collectively called immunotherapy) could result in prophylactic and/or therapeutic cure of leishmaniasis under both laboratory and field conditions. " 09/01/1995 - "The results described in this study not only throw light on the possible mechanism of leishmanial pathogenesis, but also open up the possibility of immunotherapy of leishmaniasis by selective manipulation of costimulatory molecules." 09/15/2014 - "Thus, immunotherapy targeting Tregs could provide an alternate treatment strategy for leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) parasites. " 06/01/2012 - "major induced leishmaniasis and supports the effectiveness of regulatory T cell-based immunotherapy for treatment of chronic CL."