Lactose Intolerance (Intolerance, Lactose)

The condition resulting from the absence or deficiency of LACTASE in the MUCOSA cells of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, and the inability to break down LACTOSE in milk for ABSORPTION. Bacterial fermentation of the unabsorbed lactose leads to symptoms that range from a mild indigestion (DYSPEPSIA) to severe DIARRHEA. Lactose intolerance may be an inborn error or acquired.

Also Known As:

Networked: 730 relevant articles (38 outcomes, 83 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Diarrhea
2.	Irritable Bowel Syndrome (Syndrome, Irritable Bowel)
3.	Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (Inflammatory Bowel Disease)
4.	Crohn Disease (Crohn's Disease)
5.	Colonic Neoplasms (Colon Cancer)

Experts

1.	Huang, Cheng-Yu: 6 articles (06/2012 - 01/2004)
2.	Vonk, R J: 6 articles (08/2008 - 06/2002)
3.	Gasbarrini, A: 5 articles (01/2013 - 04/2005)
4.	He, Tao: 5 articles (05/2007 - 01/2004)
5.	Priebe, Marion G: 4 articles (01/2016 - 01/2004)
6.	Fox, Mark: 4 articles (09/2015 - 06/2013)
7.	Gasbarrini, Antonio: 4 articles (11/2014 - 01/2006)
8.	Casellas, Francesc: 4 articles (10/2014 - 05/2009)
9.	Kumar, Sunil: 4 articles (09/2013 - 04/2009)
10.	Ghoshal, Uday C: 4 articles (09/2013 - 04/2009)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Lactose Intolerance:

1.	LactoseFDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1990 - "Three to 6 month later most of the patients with lactose malabsorption showed a significant reduction of gastrointestinal complaints after they had maintained a lactose-poor diet. " 08/01/2001 - "After 6 weeks of the lactose-restricted diet, symptoms were markedly improved in lactose malabsorption-positive patients (P < 0.001). " 07/01/2013 - "This review summarizes: (1) knowledge concerning the etiology and diagnosis of hypolactasia and the pathophysiology of the symptoms of lactose malabsorption and (2) the results of well-controlled trials of the symptomatic response of lactose malabsorbers to varying dosages of lactose and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions to alleviate these symptoms. " 06/15/2010 - "Evidence was insufficient that lactose-reduced solution or milk with a lactose content of 0 to 2 g, compared with greater than 12 g, is effective in reducing symptoms of lactose intolerance. " 02/01/2010 - "We found insufficient evidence that use of lactose reduced solution/milk, with lactose content of 0-2 grams, compared to a lactose dose of greater than 12 grams, reduced symptoms of lactose intolerance. "
2.	LactaseIBA 10/01/1988 - "The addition of this lactase to milk seems to be effective in correcting lactose malabsorption, thus representing a convenient approach in milk intolerance." 04/01/1994 - "To compare the efficacy of three commercially available oral lactase preparations in adults with lactose intolerance. " 04/01/1988 - "Efficacy of exogenous lactase for lactose intolerance." 03/01/2012 - "The aim of the present study was to compare the Biohit Lactose Intolerance Quick Test (BLIQT) to the criterion standard biochemical duodenal lactase (DL) activity assay in the paediatric population using standard statistical comparative tests. " 01/01/2003 - "We determined the dependence of the frequency of lactose intolerance, particular features of the clinical presentation and laboratory showings on lactase deficiency on the basis of a complex clinical, anamnestic and laboratory study of 149 children with chronic gastroduodenal pathologies. "
3.	HydrogenIBA 07/01/2005 - "To assess the efficacy of oral probiotics in adults with lactose intolerance through a systematic review of its effects on symptoms and breath hydrogen tests, and whether adding probiotics to nonfermented dairy products decreases lactose intolerance at that meal. " 07/01/2003 - "The gold standard for diagnosing lactose malabsorption is the H2 hydrogen breath test (HBT). " 01/01/2014 - "The aim of this study was to establish a retrospective evaluation and comparison of the hydrogen/methane (H2/CH4) breath test and genetic test (C/T-13910 polymorphism) results in lactose malabsorption testing. " 11/01/2007 - "The objective of the present study was to assess the presence of these two mutations in Brazilian individuals with and without lactose malabsorption diagnosed by the hydrogen breath test (HBT). " 01/01/2002 - "The study population (n = 218; age, mean +/- SD, 58.2 +/- 11.5 years) consisted of 103 healthy individuals negative hydrogen breath test (Delta H2 0-20 ppm; group I), and 115 individuals with evidence of lactose intolerance according to the hydrogen breath test (Delta H2 > 20 ppm), of whom 40 individuals had test results of 20 ppm < Delta H2 < 59 ppm (group II). "
4.	CalciumIBA 02/01/2012 - "There was no relation among lactose malabsorption and bone densities, bone mineral content, or calcium intake within the present study." 07/01/2011 - "Self-perceived lactose intolerance may result in adverse dietary modifications; thus, more studies are needed to understand the prevalence of self-perceived lactose intolerance and how it relates to calcium intake and selected health conditions. " 06/01/2007 - "The major aim of this trial was to evaluate the potential interaction of fresh or pasteurized yoghurt intake with lactose intolerance on calcium assimilation by means of the stable isotope 43Ca as a tracer. " 04/01/2014 - "Self-reported lactose intolerance, leading to dietary restrictions, is the single major determinant of low calcium intake. " 08/01/2013 - "Regardless of whether lactose intolerance is physiologically based or perceptual, education is required to ensure that calcium intakes are not compromised. "
5.	beta-Galactosidase (Lactaid)IBA 02/01/1992 - "An assessment was made of the efficacy of a beta-galactosidase, obtained from Aspergillus niger and added to intact milk, in decreasing lactose malabsorption and intolerance. " 05/01/2008 - "Application relevant studies of fungal beta-galactosidases with potential application in the alleviation of lactose intolerance." 04/01/2005 - "Effect of exogenous beta-galactosidase in patients with lactose malabsorption and intolerance: a crossover double-blind placebo-controlled study." 04/01/2012 - "The authors concluded that these new recombinant bacteria well expressed and secreted beta-galactosidase, indicating that the beta-galactosidase expression system was successfully constructed, and this might provide a new solution for management of lactose intolerance specifically and promote the use of gene-modified organisms as part of the food-grade plasmid in general." 08/01/2010 - "Beta-galactosidase is an enzyme administered as a digestive supplement to treat lactose intolerance, a genetic condition prevalent in most world regions. "
6.	Milk Proteins (Milk Protein)IBA 12/01/1998 - " On the other hand, the use of soy formulas has been proven effective in treating children with lactose intolerance compared to cow-milk protein. " 07/01/2004 - "In the clinical investigation of the children, an elimination challenge with milk protein and lactose intolerance tests, as well as endoscopic examinations in selected cases and blood tests, were performed. " 08/01/1999 - "Among subjects with no record of dairy product restriction or lactose intolerance, those experiencing abdominal discomfort after dairy product intake had significantly higher serum reactivity to milk protein than those without such discomfort. " 01/01/1990 - "The results obtained attest to the involvement into the pathological process of the small intestine, to the combination of cow's milk protein and lactose intolerance as well as to the advisability of correcting intestinal dysbiocenosis in order to reduce the disease progress." 03/01/1986 - "Of the 98 patients with protracted diarrhoea, 12 fulfilled Goldman's criteria for cow's milk protein intolerance, 63 had lactose malabsorption, and in 15 no associated causative factor was identified. "
7.	Lactulose (Duphalac)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2003 - "Two patients showed lactose malabsorption, one patient showed Giardia lamblia and one patient Ascaris lumbricoides infestation, and 10 patients showed small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) by lactulose H2-BT. " 10/09/1992 - "To exclude abnormal bacterial colonization of the small intestine or rapid small-intestine transit after partial resection of the small intestine as a cause of lactose intolerance, the oro-caecal transit time for lactulose (H2 breath test) was measured. " 05/07/1977 - "Lactulose in baby milks causing diarrhoea simulating lactose intolerance." 05/01/1993 - "To investigate intestinal fermentation of lactulose and lactose malabsorption in Chilean patients with liver cirrhosis. " 12/01/2003 - "Breath testing to evaluate lactose intolerance in irritable bowel syndrome correlates with lactulose testing and may not reflect true lactose malabsorption."
8.	CholesterolIBA 05/01/2013 - "Lactose intolerance and the cholesterol content of dairy products can also be considered two additional reasons why some consumers are looking for probiotics in other foods. " 09/01/2011 - "It has been reported that they inhibit intestinal colonisation by pathogenic microorganisms and have anti-carcinogenic, immunostimulatory, and anti-diarrhoeal properties, as well as aiding in the alleviation of lactose intolerance and ability to lower serum cholesterol levels in humans. " 03/01/2011 - "Due to the claimed health benefits of kefir which include reduction of lactose intolerance symptoms, stimulation of the immune system, lowering cholesterol, and antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties, kefir has become an important functional dairy food and consequently, research on kefir has increased in the past decade. " 01/01/2012 - "The allergy to dairy products, lactose intolerance, and cholesterol content are the major drawbacks related to the use of fermented dairy products for a large percentage of consumers. " 01/01/2012 - "Probiotics, the living microorganisms that confer health benefits on the host when administered in adequate amounts, have received much attention on their proclaimed health benefits which include improvement in lactose intolerance, increase in natural resistance to infectious disease in gastrointestinal tract, suppression of cancer, antidiabetic, reduction in serum cholesterol level, and improved digestion. "
9.	Loperamide (Imodium)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1996 - "Symptoms of lactose intolerance may also be improved with loperamide. " 07/01/2000 - "To examine a potential practical therapeutic use of loperamide (Lo) to decrease the symptoms of lactose intolerance. " 07/01/2000 - "Possible therapeutic use of loperamide for symptoms of lactose intolerance." 04/01/1993 - "These observations indicate that: (1) diarrhoea caused by chronic radiation enteritis is associated with more rapid intestinal transit and a high prevalence of bile acid and lactose malabsorption, and (2) loperamide-N-oxide slows small intestinal transit, increases bile acid absorption, and is effective in the treatment of diarrhoea associated with chronic radiation enteritis."
10.	FructoseIBA 07/01/2015 - "Following an abnormal fructose breath test (50 g), 107 patients (64 also with lactose intolerance) entered three study periods: weeks 0-32 (free diet), weeks 32-36 (progressive increasing amount of fructose up to quantity inducing symptoms, 'trigger dose'), and weeks 36-48 (tailored fructose-restricted diet according to the 'trigger dose'). " 06/01/2014 - "Thirty-two alternative diagnoses were made in 25 (30%) PWAWGs, including small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and fructose/lactose intolerance. " 09/01/2013 - "75.6%, 37.8% and 13.3% of patients had fructose, lactose malabsorption or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth respectively. " 06/01/2013 - "To investigate the prevalence of fructose and lactose intolerance (symptom induction) and malabsorption and their association with clinical gastrointestinal (GI) as well as non-GI symptoms in FGID and the outcome of dietary intervention. " 07/01/2009 - "Comparison of the prevalence of fructose and lactose malabsorption across chronic intestinal disorders."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Enzyme Replacement Therapy 07/01/1987 - "Does oral enzyme replacement therapy reverse intestinal lactose malabsorption?" 02/01/1992 - "This study demonstrates that enzyme replacement therapy, with beta-galactosidases obtained from Aspergillus niger, is effective in decreasing lactose malabsorption and its consequent intolerance in adult subjects with lactase deficiency."
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 09/01/1994 - "This study was designed to test the hypothesis that chemotherapy produces lactose intolerance which could have an adverse effect on the nutritional status of patients receiving cytotoxic drugs. " 01/01/2013 - "Management of lactose intolerance consists of two possible clinical choice not mutually exclusive: alimentary restriction and drug therapy." 02/01/2012 - "Lactose intolerance, small bowel bacterial overgrowth and bile acid malabsorption frequently develop during or after chemotherapy. " 02/01/1995 - "Lactose malabsorption, the functional consequence of a small intestinal enzymatic derangement, has been shown to play an important role in causing gastrointestinal symptoms in subjects receiving chemotherapy. " 09/01/1994 - "Dietary restriction of milk products in patients receiving chemotherapy therefore is not warranted unless clinical symptoms of lactose intolerance are observed."
3.	Radiotherapy 10/01/2008 - "Small bowel bacterial overgrowth and lactose intolerance during radical pelvic radiotherapy: An observational study." 10/01/2008 - "Small bowel bacterial overgrowth and lactose intolerance may occur during radical pelvic radiotherapy and are likely to contribute to gastrointestinal symptoms in some patients." 10/01/2008 - "To perform an observational pilot study to estimate the incidence of small bowel bacterial overgrowth and lactose intolerance during radical pelvic radiotherapy. " 10/01/2008 - "The frequency of new-onset lactose intolerance during pelvic radiotherapy is also not clear. " 02/01/1982 - "The data suggest that lactose malabsorption is a factor in the etiology of the nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea experienced by patients who are undergoing pelvic radiotherapy, and that the amount of bowel included in the treatment volume significantly influences the degree of malabsorption."
4.	Fluid Therapy (Oral Rehydration Therapy) 07/01/2007 - "The results of the present study suggest that milk can be an effective post-exercise rehydration drink and can be considered for use after exercise by everyone except those individuals who have lactose intolerance." 04/01/1995 - "Optimal management of acute infectious diarrhea includes the following: (1) rapid rehydration (and maintenance of hydration) using an appropriate glucose-based or cereal-based oral rehydration solution; (2) early refeeding with a mixed diet and no interruption of breast feeding; (3) continuation of lactose-containing foods unless clinical signs of lactose intolerance develop, and (4) a staged laboratory evaluation, with the administration of antimicrobial therapy when indicated."
5.	Therapeutics 12/01/2012 - "To date, there has been no comprehensive study on the relationship between lactose intolerance and coronary disease, nor has its impact on therapeutics been appropriately addressed. "