Kyphosis

Deformities of the SPINE characterized by an exaggerated convexity of the vertebral column. The forward bending of the thoracic region usually is more than 40 degrees. This deformity sometimes is called round back or hunchback.

Also Known As:

Networked: 2530 relevant articles (222 outcomes, 242 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Scoliosis
2.	Congenital Abnormalities (Deformity)
3.	Pain (Aches)
4.	Ankylosing Spondylitis
5.	Lordosis

Experts

1.	Qiu, Yong: 58 articles (09/2022 - 06/2005)
2.	Lenke, Lawrence G: 41 articles (01/2022 - 01/2003)
3.	Wang, Bin: 35 articles (01/2022 - 01/2006)
4.	Wang, Yan: 32 articles (05/2022 - 09/2009)
5.	Qian, Bang-Ping: 28 articles (09/2022 - 10/2013)
6.	Ames, Christopher P: 25 articles (12/2021 - 05/2008)
7.	Lafage, Virginie: 24 articles (02/2022 - 01/2011)
8.	Shaffrey, Christopher I: 23 articles (12/2021 - 01/2007)
9.	Wang, Zheng: 23 articles (12/2021 - 09/2009)
10.	Smith, Justin S: 22 articles (02/2022 - 01/2011)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Kyphosis:

1.	TitaniumIBA 10/01/2011 - "There was significant statistical difference in the postoperative improvement of segmental kyphosis between the two groups (p=0.022), that is the improvement in sagittal alignment was greater in the titanium cage group than in the cadaveric allograft group. " 09/01/2015 - "The efficacy of a posterolateral approach with resection of inflammatory tissue, and interbody (titanium cages) and dorsal fusion was investigated and the clinical and radiological parameters (correction of kyphosis and fusion rates) were evaluated. " 03/29/2023 - "Conclusion: The posterior vertebral column resection technique combined with titanium mesh or an artificial vertebral body implant for the treatment of severe angular kyphosis can significantly improve the kyphosis,neurological function,and life quality of patients without affecting the length of the spinal cord. " 01/01/2022 - "To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of the controlled distraction-compression technique using an expandable titanium cage (ETC) in posttraumatic kyphosis (PTK). " 01/01/2022 - "Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Controlled Distraction-Compression Technique Using Expandable Titanium Cage in Correction of Posttraumatic Kyphosis."
2.	antineoplaston A10 (A 10)IBA 05/01/2020 - "Significant improvement was noted in local kyphosis angle (preoperative, 22.14 ± 2.60; postoperative, 10.40 ± 1.40) with a 10% loss of correction (2.5 ± 0.90) at final follow-up. " 12/15/2009 - "Progressive improvement in chest wall excursion, increased thoracic kyphosis, and resolution of long-standing respiratory symptoms occurred concomitant with a >10 degree decrease in Cobb angle magnitude of the primary thoracic curvature. " 09/01/2019 - "Proximal junctional kyphosis - PJK has been defined by a 10 or greater increase in kyphosis at the proximal junction as measured by the Cobb angle from the caudal endplate of the uppermost instrumented vertebrae (UIV) to the cephalad endplate of the vertebrae 1 segments cranial to the UIV. " 06/01/2003 - "A 10 degrees progression was defined as the radiographic criterion for the development of junctional kyphosis. " 07/01/2005 - "His posture improved based upon pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cervical radiographs, showing a change from a 10 degrees lordosis with midcervical kyphosis to a 30 degrees lordosis. "
3.	Bone Cements (Bone Glue)IBA 05/17/2023 - "Bone cement reperfusion surgery can ameliorate kyphosis and restore vertebral height to some extent. " 03/24/2023 - "The surgery-related indexes of the 2 groups were compared, including operation time; bone cement injection volume; contact situation between bone cement and the upper and lower endplates of the vertebral body; visual analogue scale (VAS) scores before surgery, 1 week and 1 year after surgery; Oswestry disability index (ODI) before surgery, 1 week and 1 year after surgery; local kyphosis angle (LKA) before surgery, 1 week and 1 year after surgery; postoperative vertebral body height at 1 week and 1 year after surgery; vertebral body height restoration rate (HRR) at 1 week and 1 year after surgery. " 01/11/2023 - "It has the advantages of good short- and medium-term effect, excellent bone cement distribution, and low incidence of kyphosis recurrence." 01/01/2023 - "Evaluation of imaging results included anterior height (AH), kyphosis angulation (KA), and contralateral distribution rate of bone cement. " 01/01/2023 - "The secondary outcomes included: comparative assessment of visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Oswestry disability index (ODI), kyphosis angle (KA), anterior border height (AH) of the injured vertebra, frequency of intraoperative X-ray fluoroscopy, the injection volume, distribution pattern and leakage rate of bone cement. "
4.	Durapatite (Hydroxylapatite)IBA 02/01/2011 - "Transpedicular intracorporeal hydroxyapatite grafting and pedicle screw fixation via paraspinal approach could provide reliable neurologic improvement in patients with incomplete neurologic deficit, and could prevent the development of kyphosis.Furthermore" 04/01/2006 - "Posterior indirect reduction, transpedicular hydroxyapatite grafting, and pedicle screw fixation could provide reliable neurologic improvement in patients with incomplete neurologic deficit, and could prevent the development of kyphosis. "
5.	C-Reactive ProteinIBA 12/02/2022 - "Patients' clinical outcomes, including C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), kyphosis angle, and neurologic function, were assessed before and after surgery. " 12/01/2022 - "The duration of the operation, blood loss, complication rate, visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), Frankel scale, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), kyphosis angle, correction rate, correction loss, and time taken for bone graft fusion were compared between the groups. " 05/01/2020 - "Operating time, blood loss, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, kyphosis angle and postoperative complications were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes of surgery. " 03/01/2020 - "Then, the clinical efficacy was evaluated using statistical analysis based on the materials about the Cobb angle of kyphosis, visual analog scale (VAS), Frankel grade, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP). " 10/15/2017 - "The pre- and post-operative erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C reactive protein (CRP), visual analogue scale (VAS) score, and kyphosis Cobb angle were evaluated. "
6.	Polymethyl Methacrylate (Sol)IBA 01/01/2023 - "While the use of percutaneous vertebral augmentation with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) has been studied for augmentation of junctional levels to offset against kyphosis and failure, its deployment around existing loose screws or in failing surrounding bone as a salvage percutaneous procedure has been described in small case series and merits review. " 06/01/2022 - "We noticed significantly better kyphosis correction in the PMMA group. " 07/15/2020 - "Correction of kyphosis was seen to be slightly better with the use of PMMA. " 08/01/2019 - "Plain radiographs showed collapse of the L1 vertebral body, breakage of the PMMA cement, and severe kyphosis at the thoracolumbar junction. " 01/01/2017 - "PMMA leakage occurred in five cases; 6 (4 %) screws were grades III malpositioned in relation to pedicle; facet violation occurred in 8 (5.5 %) facets; loss of kyphosis correction was 3.68°; ASD occurred in two cases; interfacet fusion in ten (28 %) patients; Three patients were reoperated for different reasons. "
7.	CalciumIBA 10/01/2023 - "Calcium sensing and signaling are impaired in the lumbar spine of a rat model of congenital kyphosis." 07/16/2005 - "BMI (<25 kg/m(2)), calcium intake (<1.2g/day), menopause (>10 years), and the simultaneous occurrence of kyphosis and personal fractures showed significant association with low bone mass at the lumbar spine and their effect was additive. " 05/01/2001 - "Stepwise multiple regression yielded body fat as the single best predictor of kyphosis accounting for 6.9% of the total variance (P < 0.04) with the resulting equation: kyphosis (degrees) = 22.919 + 0.627*body fat (%) + 0.852*HtLost (cm) + 2.881E-0.03*total calcium intake (mg) (r2 = 0.22, SEE = 7.7). " 08/01/2015 - "In order to help identify the population at risk for osteoporosis, a bone health screen with assessment of calcium intake and determination of family history of adult osteoporosis (hip fracture, kyphosis) should be a routine part of adolescent health care. " 06/01/2018 - "Causes of osteoporosis include increasing age, female sex, postmenopausal status, hypogonadism or premature ovarian failure, low body mass index, ethnic background, rheumatoid arthritis, low bone mineral density (BMD), vitamin D deficiency, low calcium intake, hyperkyphosis, current smoking, alcohol abuse, immobilization, and long-term use of certain medications. "
8.	Analgesics (Analgesic Drugs)IBA 06/10/2021 - "ESW combined with PVP after reduction in overextension position could achieve a good vertebral reduction rate and improve kyphosis, and may reduce the application of analgesic drugs." 01/01/1989 - "This investigation should only be requested after failure of medical treatment based above all on analgesics, physiotherapy in lumbar kyphosis, and an abdomino-lumbar corset support. " 02/07/2020 - "Bipedicular percutaneous vertebroplasty combined with postural reduction could achieve satisfactory analgesic effect in the treatment of Kümmell's disease, and restore the height of the vertebral body and improve kyphosis to some extent." 06/01/2015 - "Hemilaminectomy is as effective an access procedure for the resection of unselected intraspinal tumours as laminectomy, but is associated with shorter post-operative stays, lower analgesic requirements and less post-operative kyphosis." 01/01/2022 - "Compared with PVP, PKP was helpful in restoring the height of the centrum in patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures and correct kyphosis, with better analgesic effect safety."
9.	salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)IBA 01/01/2022 - "The results allowed us to conclude with moderate certainty in the evidence that, when compared to no intervention or sham, in the short and medium term, MT reduced the forward head posture (14 studies, 584 individuals, 95%CI 0.38, 1.06), reduced thoracic kyphosis (5 studies, 217 individuals, 95%CI 0.37, 0.94), improved lateral pelvic tilt (5 studies, 211 individuals, 95%CI 0.11, 0.67) and pelvic torsion (2 studies, 120 individuals, 95%CI 0.44, 1.19) and increased plantar area (3 studies, 134 individuals, 95%CI 0.04, 0.74). " 01/01/2023 - "In young adults with thoracic hyperkyphosis, MWM plus postural exercise produces better improvements in FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and MVV compared to sham MWM plus postural exercise." 05/01/2013 - "Chest depth (8%), thoracic kyphosis (ThK) (23%), dorsal and ventral length of the thoracic spine (11%) and sternal length (7%) were significantly reduced in operated compared to sham-operated rabbits. "
10.	Indicators and Reagents (Reagents)IBA 11/01/2011 - "Gender-independent parameters helpful in differentiating postural types comprise the compensation indicator, inclination angle of the superior thoracic spine, C7-PL length (length of kyphosis), and inclination angle of the thoracolumbar spine. " 02/01/2022 - "Hyperkyphosis could serve as an indicator of an increased fall risk as well as a treatable condition. " 02/01/2018 - "Increased thoracic kyphosis may not be a reliable indicator for the presence of neural axis abnormalities in patients with AIS. " 06/01/2017 - "It was observed that VC in children with mild IS of 20 to 30 degree depended on thoracic kyphosis, that is, length, depth, and the thoracic kyphosis length/depth indicator.The" 02/01/2018 - "Serum TN level is proved to be related to the efficiency of posterior spinal V osteotomy in patients with traumatic kyphosis, and may serve as a possible indicator for clinical treatment."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Osteotomy 08/23/2022 - "DCVO was an individualized osteotomy for treating severe thoracic post-tubercular angular kyphosis in children and could be safe and effective in reducing the incidence of complications and significantly improving kyphosis correction." 01/01/2017 - "For correcting severe kyphosis in patients with AS, the 1-stage interrupted 2-level transpedicular wedge osteotomy is a safe and effective technique that significantly improves appearance and function." 12/01/2015 - "For correcting severe kyphosis in patients with AS, the one-stage interrupted two-level transpedicular wedge osteotomy is a safe and effective technique which can significantly improve the thoracolumbar kyphosis angle." 01/01/2012 - "Good results can be achieved by applying proper posterior osteotomy and correction technique according to the severity of old tuberculous kyphosis." 08/15/2010 - "Based on the simulated osteotomy in computer before surgery, according to the characteristics of ankylosing spondylitic kyphosis, different posterior osteotomy and correction methods can achieve good results."
2.	Pedicle Screws 03/01/2022 - " VAS decreased gradually at 3 days,3 months,6 months and 12 months after operation,and the differences were statistically significant compared with the VAS before surgery (all P<0.01).ODI at 3,6 and 12 months after surgery was significantly improved compared with that before surgery(All P<0.01).The CT-related parameters at 3 days after operation were significantly higher than those before operation (All P<0.05).At 12 months after surgery,the Cobb angle decreased from (35.2±7.6) ° preoperatively to (4.3±1.7) ° (t=22.630,P<0.01),the height of anterior edge of diseased vertebrae increased from (4.3±1.0) mm preoperatively to (16.9±2.5) mm(t=-25.845,P<0.01),the bone mineral density of hip increased from -(2.2±0.6) preoperatively to -(2.8±0.6)(t=-0.040,P<0.01).Up to the last follow-up,2 patients had distal pedicle screw loosening, 1 patient had proximal junctional kyphosis,and there was no new vertebral fracture. " 02/01/2015 - "Pedicle screw constructs appear to provide better correction of coronal parameters than historically reported and provide significant improvement of sagittal kyphosis as well. " 06/15/2013 - "The all-pedicle screw group showed a significantly greater increase in thoracic kyphosis than the hybrid group system (P = 0.04). " 07/25/2019 - "Compared with traditional short-segment 4 pedicle screws fixation, intermediate bilateral or unilateral pedicle screw fixation were more effective in maintaining the height of the injuried vertebrae and preventing the occurrence of kyphosis. " 04/01/2010 - "Posterior short segmental pedicle screw fixation with pedicle screw at the fracture level is a safe and effective therapeutic option to treat thoracolumbar vertebral fractures, which can help to correct the kyphosis and maintain the reduction, and avoid the over-distraction of the contiguous discs."
3.	Decompression 05/01/2023 - "This construct permits circumferential decompression, larger surface area for fusion, improved reconstitution of vertebral body height, reduced kyphosis, and an overall shorter segment. " 01/01/2006 - "In patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, in the thoracic spine, posterior decompression may not always be effective for those with physiologic kyphosis; however, posterior decompression is sometimes useful for patients with multilevel lesions or with ossification of the ligamentum flavum. " 03/01/2017 - "Conclusion: For severe cervical kyphosis, anterior correction is a safe and effective technique, sufficient decompression will be achieved. " 01/01/2018 - "Efficacy of posterior decompression and fixation based on ossification-kyphosis angle criteria for multilevel ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the thoracic spine." 10/01/2001 - "All patients recovered neurologically after anterior decompression and correction of kyphosis. "
4.	Traction 01/01/2022 - "An attempt at traction/reduction was successful as in Tables 1 and 2. The majority exhibited long-term improvement in kyphosis and function. " 08/06/2019 - "Conclusions: The pre-correction by cervical spine traction and final surgical correction by anterior, posterior or combined approaches of internal fixation and fusion can achieve good results and reduce risk and difficulty in operation for severe congenital cervical spine kyphosis with vertebral body underdevelopment without vertebral insufficiency and cervical spine congenital fusion. " 10/01/2023 - "This study was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of preoperative skull traction combined with anterior surgery for the treatment of CTB patients with a severe kyphosis angle of more than 35°. " 12/01/2019 - "The average duration of Halo-gravity traction was 72.3 ± 11.2 days, during which the average Cobb angle improved from 105.4 ± 34.2° to 81.7 ± 32.6° (P < 0.001), and the global kyphosis decreased from 79.2 ± 22.5° to 59.7 ± 23.0° (P = 0.003). " 04/01/2016 - "The majority of kyphoscoliosis correction was with the halo-gravity traction alone: major curve (MC) Cobb angle improved 41 %; C7-center sacral vertical line, 75 %; C7-MC apex, 21 %; and T2-T12 kyphosis, 35 %. "
5.	Kyphoplasty 09/01/2016 - "Balloon kyphoplasty significantly improved vertebral fracture height and kyphosis. " 04/01/2016 - "Although kyphoplasty is associated with significant improvement of local kyphosis and less cement leakage, this does not result in long-term clinical and functional improvement. " 07/01/2004 - "Local kyphosis significantly improved after kyphoplasty (mean local Cobb angle: acute, 15 to 8 degrees, p< .001; chronic, 15 to 10 degrees, p< .001). " 03/01/2005 - "In addition, we achieved a mean improvement in kyphosis angle of 6 degrees and an improvement in the wedge angle of 3.5 degrees (as compared with published results for kyphoplasty of 7.4 and 4.3 degrees , respectively; P < .001). " 01/01/2020 - "In our study, the mean segmental kyphosis correction following balloon kyphoplasty was 14.27°. "