Kynurenic Acid (Kynurenate)

08/01/1999 - "Kynurenate infusions into mNTS significantly reduced the severity of seizures evoked both systemically and focally. "
09/01/2006 - "The highest resistance of investigated parameters to the influence of kynurenic acid was found in the cerebellum of rats with low seizure susceptibility. "
09/01/2006 - "[The influence of kynurenic acid on the content of excitatory and inhibitory mediators in rats with different levels of seizure susceptibility]."
07/01/2006 - "Hippocampal cells, chronically treated with kynurenic acid, had kynurenic acid withdrawn to induce seizure-like activity for 40 min. Subjecting rat hippocampal cultures to seizures increased cell death and apoptosis-like DNA fragmentation using TUNEL staining. "
01/01/2002 - "The influence of kynurenic acid on the catecholamine contents in brain of rats with different seizure susceptibility was studied. "

04/15/2003 - "The microinjection of kynurenic acid into the NI caused an increased ventilatory response to hypoxia and hypercarbia due to a higher V(T). "
11/21/1994 - "A new finding was that the respiratory response to hypoxia was diminished after both CoCl2 (-13.0%) and kynurenic acid (-25.0%) microinjections. "
11/21/1986 - "As both of these processes are involved in nervous system damage during neonatal anoxia, the effect of blockade of cell excitation with kynurenate upon brain water was studied following anoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats. "
11/21/1986 - "Inhibition of excitatory neurotransmission with kynurenate reduces brain edema in neonatal anoxia."
01/15/2009 - "Microinjection of the glutamate antagonist kynurenate into the CVLM eliminated the respiratory-related fluctuations in SNA during hypoxia and exaggerated the magnitude of the sympathetic response. "

02/01/2012 - "The concentration of kynurenic acid (KYNA) in the cerebrospinal fluid, which is in the nanomolar range, is known to decrease in epilepsy. "
01/01/1994 - "Kynurenic acid (50 nmol/5 microliters; 100 nmol/5 microliters; 500 nmol/5 microliters) decreased dose-dependently the incidence of nonconvulsive epilepsy. "
06/01/2012 - "Targeting mechanisms that result in increased concentrations of kynurenic acid (KYNA) in the brain has been considered as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of epilepsy and certain neurodegenerative disorders. "
06/30/1999 - "Since then, modifications in quinolinic and kynurenic acid synthesis have been proposed as a pathogenetic mechanism in Huntington's chorea and epilepsy. "
11/26/1999 - "Considering the fact that kynurenic acid acts as antagonist on the NMDA receptor complex, the results of this study may explain at least one of the mechanisms of the effectiveness of TRH therapy for intractable epilepsy."

10/04/2002 - "The present study was undertaken to measure cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of kynurenic acid (KYNA) in patients with relapsing-onset multiple sclerosis (MS) during remission or not progressing for at least 2 months. "
10/04/2002 - "Decreased level of kynurenic acid in cerebrospinal fluid of relapsing-onset multiple sclerosis patients."
01/01/2007 - "The study aimed to assay the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of protein S100B, a biomarker of astrocyte activation in relation to kynurenic acid (KYNA) and nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, nitrate/nitrite (NOx) concentrations in acute relapse multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. "

09/01/2015 - "Kynurenate is associated with reduced inflammation, and may be one mechanism through which protective effects of a low GL diet are manifested and warrants further evaluation. "
04/01/2015 - "Increases in plasma kynurenic acid (KYNA) concentration relate to the severity of inflammation. "
01/01/2015 - "Kynurenic acid modulates experimentally induced inflammation in the trigeminal ganglion."
01/01/2014 - "An increase in plasma kynurenic acid (KYNA) concentration has been observed following surgery, inflammation, and cerebral pathologies. "
09/15/2014 - "The endogenous α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist kynurenic acid modulates amyloid-β-induced inflammation in BV-2 microglial cells."