Ketoglutaric Acids (Ketoglutaric Acid)

A family of compounds containing an oxo group with the general structure of 1,5-pentanedioic acid. (From Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p442)

Also Known As:

Ketoglutaric Acid; 2-Ketoglutarate; 2-Ketoglutaric Acid; 2-Oxoglutarate; 2-Oxoglutaric Acid; Calcium Ketoglutarate; Calcium alpha-Ketoglutarate; Oxogluric Acid; alpha-Ketoglutarate; alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid; alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid, Calcium Salt (2:1); alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid, Diammonium Salt; alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid, Dipotassium Salt; alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid, Disodium Salt; alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid, Monopotassium Salt; alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid, Monosodium Salt; alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid, Potassium Salt; alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid, Sodium Salt; alpha-Oxoglutarate; 2 Ketoglutarate; 2 Ketoglutaric Acid; 2 Oxoglutarate; 2 Oxoglutaric Acid; Calcium alpha Ketoglutarate; alpha Ketoglutarate; alpha Ketoglutaric Acid; alpha Ketoglutaric Acid, Diammonium Salt; alpha Ketoglutaric Acid, Dipotassium Salt; alpha Ketoglutaric Acid, Disodium Salt; alpha Ketoglutaric Acid, Monopotassium Salt; alpha Ketoglutaric Acid, Monosodium Salt; alpha Ketoglutaric Acid, Potassium Salt; alpha Ketoglutaric Acid, Sodium Salt; alpha Oxoglutarate; alpha-Ketoglutarate, Calcium; Oxoglutarates

Networked: 620 relevant articles (19 outcomes, 46 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Organic Chemicals: 133
- Carboxylic Acids: 973
  - Keto Acids: 203
    - Ketoglutaric Acids: 620
  - Acyclic Acids
    - Dicarboxylic Acids: 108
      - Glutarates: 35
        Ketoglutaric Acids: 620
        L-arginine alpha-ketoglutarate: 9
        alpha-ketoglutaramate: 7
        achromobactin: 4
        dimethyl-2-oxoglutarate: 2
        glutaramic acid: 2
        dimethyl alpha-ketoglutarate: 1
        2-keto-4-hydroxyglutarate
        3,4-didehydro-2-ketoglutaric acid
        3-bromo-2-ketoglutarate
        alpha-ketoglutarate cyanohydrin
        dimethyl 1,3-acetonedicarboxylate
        dimethyl 2-oxoglutaconate
        eucol
        glutarimidoxioxime
        imidazole alpha-ketoglutarate
        prohexadione-Ca

Experts

1.	Schofield, Christopher J: 27 articles (01/2022 - 08/2003)
2.	McDonough, Michael A: 9 articles (01/2022 - 02/2007)
3.	Chowdhury, Rasheduzzaman: 8 articles (01/2022 - 04/2011)
4.	Ratcliffe, Peter J: 8 articles (11/2017 - 08/2003)
5.	Bhattacharya, R: 7 articles (07/2011 - 11/2001)
6.	Claridge, Timothy D W: 6 articles (03/2018 - 10/2005)
7.	Flashman, Emily: 6 articles (11/2017 - 10/2005)
8.	Vijayaraghavan, R: 6 articles (07/2011 - 11/2001)
9.	Kurhaliuk, N M: 6 articles (01/2003 - 01/2000)
10.	Jiang, Qingyan: 5 articles (01/2022 - 01/2016)

Related Diseases

1.	Poisoning 01/01/1983 - "Biochemical aspects of fluoroacetate poisoning in isolated rat kidney tubules: reversibility of inhibition of gluconeogenesis by alpha-ketoglutarate." 05/01/2018 - "Alpha ketoglutarate nanoparticles: A potentially effective treatment for cyanide poisoning." 07/27/2011 - "Oral treatment of alpha-ketoglutarate (A-KG) is known to antagonise experimental cyanide poisoning in rodents. " 05/01/2011 - "Development of nano alpha-ketoglutarate nebulization formulation and its pharmacokinetic and safety evaluation in healthy human volunteers for cyanide poisoning." 03/01/2011 - "Effect of alpha-ketoglutarate on neurobehavioral, neurochemical and oxidative changes caused by sub-chronic cyanide poisoning in rats."
2.	Hypoxia (Hypoxemia) 03/01/2009 - "In this study, we show that alpha-ketoglutarate (KG) mitigates the Al-mediated nuclear accumulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) in cultured human hepatocytes (HepG2). " 01/01/2020 - "Quantitative MS-Based Proteomics: Comparing the MCF-7 Cellular Response to Hypoxia and a 2-Oxoglutarate Analogue." 08/04/2015 - "A New Hydroxy Metabolite of 2-Oxoglutarate Regulates Metabolism in Hypoxia." 10/15/2010 - "Structural basis for binding of cyclic 2-oxoglutarate analogues to factor-inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor." 11/12/2009 - "In this report we demonstrate that derivatized alpha-ketoglutarate can be used as a strategy for maintaining PHD activity under hypoxia. "
3.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 11/19/2021 - "Alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG) is a key metabolite and signaling molecule in cancer cells, but the low permeability of α-KG limits the study of α-KG mediated effects in vivo. " 04/29/2021 - "The OGDHc impacts cell metabolic and cell signaling pathways through the coupling of 2-oxoglutarate metabolism to gene transcription related to tumor cell proliferation and aging. " 12/10/2020 - "Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), i.e., a multifunctional intermediate of the Krebs cycle, is one of the central metabolic regulators of tumor fate and plays an important role in cancerogenesis and tumor progression. " 01/01/2020 - "Integrated analysis in H3.3K27M cells, tumors, and in vivo imaging in patients showed enhanced glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism with high alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG) production. " 08/01/2010 - "We show here that esterified alpha-ketoglutarate given daily will induce apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth, in vivo. "
4.	Ischemia 06/01/2002 - "The inhibitory effect of the reaction product 2-oxoglutarate was higher under normal conditions than in ischemia (the Ki values were 0.22 and 0.75 mM, respectively). " 05/01/2002 - "IP and CP protection is expressed through better energetic status and by higher recovery of the TCA cycle activity or enhanced mitochondria-cytosol transport of alpha-ketoglutarate on reperfusion in addition to metabolic changes during ischemia. " 02/01/1981 - "Mitochondrial respiratory control indices (RCI) were assayed in a second group of seven dogs prior to ischemia, at contracture initiation, and at contracture completion and were, respectively, 11.5 +/- 1.18, 3.1 +/- 0.43 and 1.76 +/- 0.29 (alpha ketoglutarate as substrate). " 04/01/2011 - "In this study we investigated the potential neuroprotective effect of 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) on the hippocampus in the transient vessel occlusion ischemia model in the Mongolian gerbil. " 04/01/2011 - "The neuroprotective effect of 2-oxoglutarate in the experimental ischemia of hippocampus."
5.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma) 03/24/1990 - "alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation may improve recovery after trauma." 09/01/1996 - "We have evaluated the relative metabolic efficacy of four isonitrogenous diets with or without the addition of alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha KG) or ornithine (ORN), in a rat trauma (bilateral femur fracture) model. " 01/01/1991 - "Serving as a reproducible human trauma model, patients (n = 21) undergoing elective cholecystectomy received postoperative total parenteral nutrition with (n = 9) or without (n = 12) alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) supplementation. " 09/01/1995 - "The aim of this study was to characterize a human trauma model using patients undergoing total hip replacement, and furthermore to investigate whether glutamine or alpha-ketoglutarate alone without TPN can prevent the postoperative decrease in muscle free glutamine. " 01/01/1999 - "The recent literature suggests that the administration of alpha-ketoglutarate in combination with ornithine improves gut morphology and functions, counteracts trauma-induced dysimmunity and exerts anabolic/anticatabolic actions on protein metabolism."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Cyanides (Isocyanides)
2.	sodium thiosulfate
3.	Enzymes
4.	Succinic Acid (Succinate)
5.	Lactic Acid (Lactate)
6.	5-hydroxymethylfurfural (hydroxymethylfurfural)
7.	Prolyl Hydroxylases (Prolyl Hydroxylase)
8.	Antidotes
9.	Oxygen (Dioxygen)
10.	Iron

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis)
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
4.	Hip Replacement Arthroplasty (Total Hip Replacement)
5.	Denervation