Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca

Drying and inflammation of the conjunctiva as a result of insufficient lacrimal secretion. When found in association with XEROSTOMIA and polyarthritis, it is called SJOGREN'S SYNDROME.

Also Known As:

Networked: 516 relevant articles (51 outcomes, 59 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Dry Eye Syndromes (Dry Eye Syndrome)
2.	Xerostomia
3.	Inflammation (Inflammations)
4.	Keratitis
5.	Glaucoma

Experts

1.	Yu, Guang-Yan: 8 articles (04/2016 - 09/2007)
2.	Andrade, Silvia Franco: 7 articles (05/2022 - 01/2013)
3.	Pflugfelder, Stephen C: 7 articles (12/2020 - 10/2003)
4.	Zhang, Lei: 7 articles (04/2016 - 02/2002)
5.	Silva, Danielle Alves: 5 articles (05/2022 - 09/2015)
6.	Yu, G Y: 5 articles (06/2019 - 04/2004)
7.	Giuffrida, Rogério: 5 articles (09/2018 - 01/2013)
8.	Cai, Zhi-Gang: 5 articles (04/2016 - 09/2007)
9.	Gilger, Brian C: 5 articles (05/2015 - 02/2005)
10.	Chuck, Roy S: 5 articles (11/2007 - 01/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca:

1.	Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2005 - "The cyclosporine implant was effective in a canine model of keratoconjunctivitis sicca, with all animals able to discontinue topical cyclosporine and maintain normal Schirmer scores over a 6-month follow-up. " 01/01/2018 - "Efficacy of HL036 versus Cyclosporine A in the Treatment of Naturally Occurring Canine Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca." 10/01/2014 - "We aimed to investigate the efficacy of 0.05 % topical cyclosporine A in patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca due to primary and secondary SS. " 10/01/2014 - "Although the place of systemic drugs in keratoconjunctivitis sicca treatment has been discussed, the efficacy of some topical drugs has also been demonstrated; however, there are contradictory results related to topical cyclosporine A. " 01/01/2020 - "Effect of OTX-101, a Novel Nanomicellar Formulation of Cyclosporine A, on Corneal Staining in Patients With Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca: A Pooled Analysis of Phase 2b/3 and Phase 3 Studies: Erratum."
2.	Ophthalmic Solutions (Eye Drops)IBA 05/01/2015 - "Serum eye drops should be included in the modern armamentarium against keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and, hopefully, their eventual widespread application will result in coverage by most if not all insurance funds. " 05/01/2015 - "Therefore, autologous blood serum in the form of eye drops can provide substantial help in the management of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. " 07/01/1985 - "The author reports on 16 patients (9 with keratoconjunctivitis sicca, 7 with Sjögren's syndrome) treated with Isopto-Naturale eye drops for 10 months. " 09/01/2008 - "We reported previously that autologous serum (AS) eye drops contain these essential factors and that AS eye drops are beneficial in the treatment of ocular surface diseases such as persistent epithelial defects, superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and neurotrophic keratopathy. " 08/01/2015 - "Serum eye drops are used to treat diseases such as dry eye syndrome (keratoconjunctivitis sicca), a disease of the surface of the eye that results in an unstable tear film. "
3.	Ointments (Pastes)IBA 11/11/1995 - "The results are reported of a six-week clinical trial of the efficacy of 0.2 per cent cyclosporine ophthalmic ointment for the treatment of chronic idiopathic keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs in the United Kingdom, Germany and France. " 09/24/1988 - "These observations are discussed in relation to the prospects for the improved medical treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca by the use of polymer-containing solutions and ointments in combination." 11/11/1995 - "Treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs with cyclosporine ophthalmic ointment: a European clinical field trial." 07/01/1993 - "This trial was a randomized, double-masked, crossover study during which patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca underwent 6 weeks of treatment with either cyclosporine 1% ophthalmic ointment or placebo followed by 6 weeks of the alternative treatment. " 07/01/1993 - "Pilot trial of cyclosporine 1% ophthalmic ointment in the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca."
4.	Tacrolimus (Prograf)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2018 - "Oral treatment with ω-3 containing a higher proportion of EPA than DHA increased the effectiveness of topical tacrolimus 0.03% in the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs." 01/01/2023 - "Comparison of topical 0.03% tacrolimus and homologous injectable platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs." 12/01/2019 - "Kravetz de Oliveira J, Williams DL, Bollmann C et al. Comparative efficacy of topical oclacitinib 0.1 % and tacrolimus 0.01 % in canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca. " 09/01/2019 - "To assess the efficacy of 0.1% oclacitinib as a single agent, and in combination with tacrolimus 0.01%, for the control of ophthalmic signs of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in dogs. " 09/01/2019 - "Comparative efficacy of topical oclacitinib 0.1% and tacrolimus 0.01% in canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca."
5.	Lubricant Eye Drops (Artificial Tears)IBA 03/01/2007 - "Each artificial tear formulation successfully relieved symptoms and signs of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. " 09/01/1978 - "The removal of the mass caused severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca, which could only be helped with frequent applications of artificial tears." 12/01/2001 - "This study was performed to test viscoelastic artificial tears (VAT) based on both subjective and clinical parameters in patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). " 01/01/2019 - "To evaluate the antioxidative effect of artificial tears in the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). " 04/24/1998 - "Color discrimination in patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca before and after artificial tear application."
6.	Linseed Oil (Flaxseed Oil)IBA 01/03/2013 - "The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various linseed oil (LO) preparations (oral, topical, oral and topical combined) in treating experimentally induced keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in rabbits. " 01/03/2013 - "Use of linseed oil to treat experimentally induced keratoconjunctivitis sicca in rabbits." 07/01/2007 - "Therapy with oral flaxseed oil capsules 1 or 2 g/day reduces ocular surface inflammation and ameliorates the symptoms of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in Sjögren's syndrome patients. " 07/01/2007 - "To evaluate if oral flaxseed oil (Linum usitatissimum), which reduces the inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, may help keratoconjunctivitis sicca's treatment in Sjögren's syndrome patients. " 01/01/2017 - "The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of two sources of omega 3 and 6, fish oil (FO) and linseed oil (LO), orally administered, alone or in combination, for treating experimentally induced keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in rabbits. "
7.	Hyaluronic Acid (Hyaluronan)IBA 01/01/2018 - "Here the development of a crosslinked hyaluronic acid topical drop is described together with the results of trials on dogs with spontaneous keratoconjunctivitis sicca. " 12/01/2000 - "Improvement of the ocular surface using hypotonic 0.4% hyaluronic acid drops in keratoconjunctivitis sicca." 04/01/1989 - "Sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. " 01/01/2012 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a hyaluronic acid containing eye drop in ameliorating ocular surface pathology and discomfort in canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). " 01/01/2021 - "Sodium hyaluronate/chondroitin sulfate fixed combination plays an essential role in the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca, a multifactorial disease accompanied by ocular symptoms like alteration of the tear film. "
8.	pimecrolimus (Elidel)FDA Link 01/01/2005 - "Results of this exploratory study suggest that topical 1% pimecrolimus may be a new effective treatment for keratoconjunctivitis sicca and chronic superficial keratitis in dogs." 01/01/2005 - "This study evaluated the efficacy of an experimental ophthalmic formulation of pimecrolimus in treating keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) and chronic superficial keratitis (CSK) in dogs. " 01/01/2005 - "The effect of topical pimecrolimus on keratoconjunctivitis sicca and chronic superficial keratitis in dogs: results from an exploratory study." 04/01/2016 - "To overcome the foregoing dilemmas, we prepared two novel formulations of pimecrolimus nanomicelles (PNM) with particle size of 37.85 ± 1.21 nm and thermosensitive hydrogel (PTH) for treating Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS). " 04/01/2016 - "Pimecrolimus micelle exhibits excellent therapeutic effect for Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca."
9.	Fluorescein (Funduscein)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2017 - "According to the results of ROC curve, which determines the sensitivity and specificity of normal values, comparison of diagnostic tests for keratoconjunctivitis sicca used in this study showed that fluorescein test had the best sensitivity and specificity. " 03/01/2021 - "Eye dryness and keratoconjunctivitis sicca were confirmed with Schirmer's test, the ocular staining score (OSS) using lissamine green, fluorescein staining and biopsy of minor salivary gland with the histopathological evaluation. " 03/01/2010 - "To describe, apply, and test a new ocular grading system for assessing keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) using lissamine green and fluorescein. " 09/01/1999 - "Schirmer 1 tear testing, corneal fluorescein staining and conjunctival impression cytology for quantitation of goblet cell density were performed in ten patients with Sjögren's syndrome-associated keratoconjunctivitis sicca and ten asymptomatic normal controls. " 10/01/1986 - "II. Quantitative analysis of the fluorescein test and other clinical features in keratoconjunctivitis sicca]."
10.	SteroidsIBA 11/01/2000 - "To analyze the efficacy of topical nonpreserved steroids before punctal occlusion in the treatment of severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca associated with Sjögren's syndrome. " 01/01/1996 - "This study demonstrates that functional disorders of tear film with symptoms of keratoconjunctivitis sicca are "relatively often" related to ovarian steroids- and therefore to gynecological practice." 11/01/2000 - "[Nonpreserved topical steroids and lacrimal punctal occlusion for severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca]." 09/01/2020 - "The patient had several risk factors for corneal melt including neurotrophic cornea, early limbal stem cell deficiency, history of cryotherapy, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and chronic use of glaucoma medications and steroid medications. " 12/01/2021 - "After adjusting for potential confounders, including diabetes mellitus, chronic renal disease, topical steroid ophthalmic agent use, lid margin disease, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, ocular blunt trauma and post-corneal transplantation, patients with AKC were 1.26 times more likely to develop a corneal ulcer than controls (adjusted HR, 1.26; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.39; p<0.05). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 07/01/2020 - "To assess the clinical safety and efficacy of adjunctive therapy using Vizoovet to ameliorate clinical signs of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in dogs. " 07/01/2020 - "Efficacy of adjunctive therapy using Vizoovet in improving clinical signs of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs: A pilot study." 03/01/2014 - "Five cases demonstrated preexistent keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), and all had improved Schirmer tear test following surgical correction and medical therapy. " 07/01/2007 - "Long-term studies are needed to confirm the role of this therapy for keratoconjunctivitis sicca in Sjögren's syndrome." 03/01/2003 - "Long-term studies are needed to confirm the role of this new therapy for keratoconjunctivitis sicca."
2.	Autologous Transplantation 07/01/2014 - "Autologous transplantation of submandibular gland (SMG) is effective for severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). " 05/01/2009 - "Autotransplantation of the submandibular gland is effective for severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca. " 12/05/2008 - "Submandibular gland (SMG) autotransplantation is an effective treatment for severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca. " 06/18/2019 - "Microvascular autotransplantation of SMG into the temporal fossa provides a continuous and endogenous source of fluids, and is currently an effective method for treating severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca. " 01/01/2018 - "Submandibular gland autotransplantation is an effective approach for treating severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca. "
3.	Transplantation 02/25/2002 - "Transplantation of autologous vascularized SMG is effective in treating severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca." 09/01/2012 - "An experimental study of the management of severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca with autologous reduced-sized submandibular gland transplantation." 07/01/2021 - "The present results can provide valuable information for future transplantation of labial MSGs as therapeutic measure against keratoconjunctivitis sicca." 01/01/2019 - "Allotransplantation of submandibular salivary glands (SMGs) could be an alternative treatment option for severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca in noncandidates for autologous SMG transplantation. " 11/01/2018 - "Microvascular Submandibular Gland Transplantation for Severe Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca: A Single-Institution Experience of 61 Grafts."
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 08/01/2007 - "After treatment with rituximab, there was a marked improvement in their keratoconjunctivitis sicca and in other systemic manifestations of the disease. " 04/01/2015 - "Clinical and light microscopic studies of the conjunctival tissues of dogs with bilateral keratoconjunctivitis sicca before and after treatment with topical 2% cyclosporine." 12/01/1995 - "Cellular immunity in dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca before and after treatment with topical 2% cyclosporine." 09/01/1979 - "Tear osmolarity and Rose Bengal staining were studied in a group of patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) before and after treatment with isotonic and one-half isotonic saline to compare treatment with these two solutions and to ascertain whether tear film osmolarity could be correlated with ocular surface disease. "
5.	Slit Lamp 08/28/2019 - "Slit lamp exam confirmed the presence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and the patient was diagnosed with Sjögren's syndrome. " 08/01/2003 - "Over a 12-year period, 19 patients with corneal filaments (7 with keratoconjunctivitis sicca and 12 with other surface diseases) were examined with the slit lamp and photographed by non-contact photomicrography. " 01/01/1993 - "Slit-lamp biomicroscopic examination showed signs of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in one patient (4%), while a positive bilateral Schirmer test was found in six subjects (26%). " 01/01/1977 - "In 92 patients (38.2%) the Bengal-Rosa 1% test was specifically performed due to the specific past history and the clinical symptoms stated on questions by the physician; in all cases signs of a keratoconjunctivitis sicca of different degree were found by slit-lamp microscopy, i.e., at least 4.5% keratoconjunctivitis sicca patients on our whole collective can be expected. " 03/01/1989 - "The tear break-up time (BUT), Schirmer's I test (S-I) and slit lamp examination after rose Bengal staining (RBS) are simple tests for evaluation of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). "