Keratins (Keratin)

A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.

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Networked: 7718 relevant articles (124 outcomes, 740 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Omary, M Bishr: 37 articles (07/2015 - 02/2002)
2.	Terada, Tadashi: 37 articles (07/2015 - 01/2008)
3.	Epstein, Jonathan I: 24 articles (03/2015 - 09/2002)
4.	Magin, Thomas M: 21 articles (10/2015 - 07/2002)
5.	Strnad, Pavel: 21 articles (06/2015 - 02/2003)
6.	Tsubura, Airo: 18 articles (09/2014 - 01/2006)
7.	Moran, Cesar A: 17 articles (03/2015 - 04/2002)
8.	Kurokawa, Ichiro: 16 articles (09/2014 - 01/2006)
9.	Pantel, Klaus: 16 articles (07/2014 - 01/2002)
10.	Ro, Jae Y: 16 articles (07/2014 - 01/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 09/01/2001 - "This is tumor marker testing, which--as a large and specialized literature shows--can be highly effective when based on a cytokeratin-derived marker assay." 11/01/1990 - "In some tumors there was a marked decrease in cellularity without a change in tumor volume due to increased extracellular keratin deposition. " 03/01/2001 - "Immunohistochemical studies of a subsequent FNA core biopsy of the retroperitoneal mass showed strong immunoreactivity with chromogranin and negative staining for keratin; that was helpful in differentiating this tumor from others in the differential diagnosis. " 03/01/2007 - "All tumor cells displayed the expected pattern of immunoreactivity, with positive results for pancytokeratin and high molecular weight cytokeratin. " 08/01/2001 - "Detection of disseminated tumor cells in lymph nodes using an antibody against cytokeratin is specific and suitable while use of an antibody against CA19-9 is not recommendable because of the high rate of false-positive results. "
2.	Carcinoma (Carcinomatosis) 05/01/1997 - "Comparison with corresponding Haematoxylin staining of the thick slices (the conventional procedure for such breast tissue slices) showed that thick-slice cytokeratin immunostaining markedly improved visualization of the epithelial structure in normal lobules and invasive carcinomas. " 08/01/2006 - "The sensitive and specific office-based detection of urinary cytokeratin would be helpful in rapid diagnosis and follow up of bladder carcinoma." 10/01/1982 - "Interestingly, the carcinomas that appeared at this time had significant reduction in both groups of high-molecular-weight keratins. " 09/01/2015 - "Cytokeratin (CK) and/or p63 immunostains are helpful in confirming the diagnosis of metaplastic carcinoma, but the expression patterns of these markers in the stromal cells of BSLs have not been well characterized. " 07/01/2004 - "The clinical value of determining soluble cytokeratin protein fragments in body fluids lies in the early detection of recurrence and the fast assessment of the efficacy of therapy response in epithelial cell carcinomas. "
3.	Adenocarcinoma 04/01/1988 - "In the subtyping of well differentiated adenocarcinomas, keratin showed higher positive results in the bronchial surface epithelial, goblet cell, and bronchial gland types than in the Clara cell or type II alveolar epithelial cell type. " 04/01/1984 - "Differences in staining for 63 kdalton keratin between mesothelial and adenocarcinoma cells may help to distinguish these cells in effusions." 06/01/2006 - "All of the published studies show basal cell lesions are positive for basal cell keratins, whereas adenocarcinoma is negative for both. " 01/01/2004 - "The aim of our study is to evaluate if this cytokeratin pattern CK7+/CK20- is absent in cardiac and distal gastric adenocarcinomas. " 11/01/2003 - "The current study examined cytokeratin (CK)7 and 20 as well as MUC1-6 immunoprofiles in oesophageal, gastric and gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ) adenocarcinomas. "
4.	Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Epidermoid Carcinoma) 02/01/1985 - "In order to evaluate the potential importance of these differences in providing improved diagnostic techniques for pathology, we have investigated the consistency of the patterns of keratins expressed in normal esophageal epithelium, squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) of the esophagus, and cultured esophageal epithelial cells. " 01/01/2012 - "We should be reminded of the efficacy of simple epithelial cytokeratin immunoreactivity in spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma." 01/01/2012 - "Spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma not expressing stratified but simple epithelial cytokeratin: efficacy of simple epithelial cytokeratin immunoreactivity." 03/01/2013 - "The objective of this study is to evaluate the incidence of occult nodal micrometastases in N0 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma using cytokeratin immunohistochemical analysis (CKIHA) and its influence on the overall occult metastatic rate. " 04/01/2001 - "The aim of the study was to investigate the differentiation-specific keratins (K4, K13, K1 and K10) in oral epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). "
5.	Seminoma 09/01/2009 - "The necrotic seminomas lacked associated coarse intratubular calcifications and were positive for OCT4 (4/4) and CD117 (3/3) but negative for keratin (0/4) and CD30 (0/4). " 04/01/2000 - "CK7, CAM 5.2, AEI/AEIII, and wide-spectrum screening keratin (WSK) were positive in 41%, 30%, 36%, and 36% of the seminomas, respectively. " 04/01/2000 - "Cytokeratin expression in seminoma of the human testis." 11/01/1996 - "CD30 immunoreactivity in seminoma cells occurred with and without colocalized expression of cytokeratin. " 08/01/1996 - "Cytokeratin positivity in seminoma."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Antibodies
2.	Vimentin
3.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
4.	Mucin-1 (CA 15-3 Antigen)
5.	Antigens
6.	Carcinoembryonic Antigen
7.	Monoclonal Antibodies
8.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
9.	Carbon Monoxide
10.	Keratin-7 (Cytokeratin 7)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplants (Transplant)
2.	Neoadjuvant Therapy
3.	Decompression
4.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
5.	Lasers (Laser)