Keloid

A sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar resulting from formation of excessive amounts of collagen in the dermis during connective tissue repair. It is differentiated from a hypertrophic scar (CICATRIX, HYPERTROPHIC) in that the former does not spread to surrounding tissues.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1729 relevant articles (183 outcomes, 307 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Hypertrophic Cicatrix (Hypertrophic Scar)
2.	Cicatrix (Scar)
3.	Keloid
4.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)
5.	Pain (Aches)

Experts

1.	Bayat, Ardeshir: 35 articles (09/2015 - 02/2003)
2.	Ogawa, Rei: 18 articles (09/2015 - 03/2007)
3.	Hyakusoku, Hiko: 17 articles (09/2015 - 04/2005)
4.	Berman, Brian: 14 articles (11/2015 - 10/2002)
5.	Phan, T T: 14 articles (06/2012 - 03/2001)
6.	Syed, Farhatullah: 13 articles (03/2015 - 11/2010)
7.	Niessen, Frank B: 12 articles (10/2015 - 09/2009)
8.	Bayat, A: 11 articles (09/2015 - 06/2002)
9.	Akaishi, Satoshi: 11 articles (09/2015 - 01/2009)
10.	Lim, I J: 11 articles (02/2011 - 03/2001)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Keloid:

1.	SiliconesIBA 04/01/2015 - "Use of silicone sheeting has also been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of minor keloids in association with corticosteroid intralesional infiltration. " 03/01/2004 - "To study the curative effects of keloid by operation combined with postoperative beta radiation and silicone gel sheeting. " 01/01/2015 - "It is suggested that, in the space beneath the silicone sheet, the higher humidity and temperature, both generated as a result of prolonged sheeting, especially during hot weather, might have caused the keloid and its neighbouring skin to become soggy. " 08/01/2002 - "In addition topical treatment with extracts of onions, occlusive silicone sheets and pressure improves the clinical appearance of keloids." 02/01/2001 - "Similarly silicone gel sheeting does not modify the keloids redness."
2.	Fluorouracil (Carac)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2005 - "Our study demonstrates that intralesional 5-FU may be effective in the treatment of keloids, but recurrence is common and further investigation is required." 01/01/2009 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of using a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/steroid mixture to treat keloids over the past 7 years, comparing the results with use of steroid treatment alone. " 01/01/2006 - "The efficacy of inhibiting keloid angiogenesis by low concentration of 5-fluorouracil was 96.77%. " 01/01/2004 - "The efficacy of 5-FU is comparable to other singly used modalities as a treatment option for keloids. " 12/01/2010 - "5-FU significantly inhibited cell proliferation of keloid fibroblasts in the full dose range used in this study. "
3.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 04/01/2012 - " Several techniques have been used for the treatment of retroauricular keloids, and beta-therapy is thought to yield the best results, followed by the use of intralesional corticosteroids. " 04/01/2010 - "The study included 10 patients (8 men, 9 white and 1 black) with a keloid on the retroauricular region or earlobe of more than 1 year duration, who had undergone previous treatment (surgery and topical or injected corticosteroids) without a good outcome or with relapse, and who had not received any treatment in the previous 6 months. " 06/01/2015 - "The efficacy and safety of the IL BTA were clearly evident in the current work from the rapid significant amelioration of the subjective complaints and the comparable significant improvement of the objective parameters as well as the volume of the keloids in comparison with the IL corticosteroids." 03/01/2015 - "Topical or intralesional corticosteroids are referred to as gold standard treatments for keloids. " 10/01/2013 - "Earlobe keloids: a pilot study of the efficacy of keloidectomy with core fillet flap and adjuvant intralesional corticosteroids."
4.	CollagenIBA 02/01/1993 - "The data suggest that the FGFs are effective in down-regulating excess collagen production by keloid fibroblasts and that this inhibitory effect is apparently associated with pretranslational events. " 05/01/2015 - "In this study, DRs were histologically classified into three patterns based on the products of activated fibroblasts (i.e., keloid-like collagen and myxoid stroma). " 03/01/2015 - "The purpose of this study was to demonstrate a schematic illustration of collagen architecture of keloids, specifically auricular keloids, and to analyze each part on the histomorphologic and morphometric basis. " 03/01/2015 - "Many studies focusing on the histologic feature of keloids, however, have shown discordant results without consideration of architectural aspect of collagen structure. " 01/01/2015 - "Taken together, our study suggested that RACK1 inhibits collagen synthesis in KFs via inhibition the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway, and RACK1 is a potential target for treatment of the keloid disease. "
5.	Triamcinolone Acetonide (Azmacort)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2009 - "Kenalog injection in combination with excision is a well-tolerated and effective treatment of earlobe keloids in the pediatric population. " 08/01/2009 - "We evaluated the efficacy of excision combined with perioperative intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection for treating earlobe keloids of Korean patients. " 08/01/2002 - "In our study, 20 microm triamcinolone acetonide caused statistically significant increases in the peak levels of bFGF for normal and keloid fibroblast cell lines (P < 0.05). " 01/01/2013 - "In addition, these expression profiles were investigated after treating primary keloid spheroids with triamcinolone acetonide. " 01/01/2009 - "Fifteen patients with 16 earlobe keloids were treated using a standard steroid injection protocol with Kenalog (Bristol-Myers Squibb, New York, NY), in combination with lesion excision. "
6.	Triamcinolone (Aristocort)FDA Link 01/01/2009 - "Combination 5-FU/triamcinolone is superior to intralesional steroid therapy in the treatment of keloids." 08/01/2012 - "To compare the efficacy of 5-flurouracil (5-FU) versus triamcinolone as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of keloids. " 08/01/2012 - "A comparative clinical study on role of 5-flurouracil versus triamcinolone in the treatment of keloids." 06/01/2015 - "Effect of triamcinolone in keloids morphological changes and cell apoptosis." 07/01/2013 - "Keloids are managed using a variety of treatments, primarily triamcinolone and excision or destruction of a lesion. "
7.	Bleomycin (Blenoxane)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2013 - "Electroporation in combination with bleomycin is an effective treatment for patients affected by large keloids or hypertrophic scars or patients who are nonresponders to other treatments. " 01/01/2001 - "The treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars has been difficult and a recent French study showed that bleomycin has been useful in the treatment of these lesions. " 03/01/2015 - "Intralesional bleomycin is a safe and effective treatment for keloids and hypertrophic scars. " 10/01/2013 - "Considering the promising results reported when treating keloids and hypertrophic scars with intralesional bleomycin injection and the enhanced effect of bleomycin when combined with electroporation, the authors hypothesized that electrochemotherapy should be used to treat keloids and hypertrophic scars when other treatments have failed. " 03/01/2008 - "The aim of our study was to determine the effectiveness and safety of bleomycin in the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids. "
8.	imiquimod (Aldara)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2009 - "Recently, auxiliary therapy using imiquimod 5% cream to prevent keloid recurrence after excisional surgery was reported to have had good results. " 01/01/2007 - "Imiquimod 5% cream has been found to be effective and safe in preventing recurrence of keloids on earlobes after excision. " 11/01/2005 - "A recent report suggests that imiquimod 5% cream can be effective in the prevention of keloid recurrences after surgical excision. " 05/01/2009 - "Case series suggest the tolerability and efficacy of imiquimod 5% application to sites of shaved keloids; however, this has not been verified in placebo-controlled studies. " 05/01/2009 - "To determine the tolerability and compare the efficacy of imiquimod 5% and vehicle cream in lowering keloid recurrence after shaving. "
9.	CosmeticsIBA 11/01/2005 - "The relief from former keloid-caused symptoms (therapeutic outcome: p = 0.0005; cosmetic outcome: p = 0.0011), the ear as keloid localization (p = 0.0008 and p = 0.0197), and male gender (therapeutic outcome: p = 0.0423) were significantly associated with higher satisfaction. " 07/01/2015 - "Keloids present as red, painful lesions causing serious functional and cosmetic problems; however, there is no consensus regarding tools for objectively evaluating keloids. " 05/01/2014 - "Three of the six participants chose to have their earlobe keloids surgically excised for cosmetic reasons 6, 8, and 11 months after enrollment, so measurements for data analysis for these patients were taken after only 1, 1 and 10 months. " 12/01/2013 - "In selected cases, topical treatments are preferable to invasive procedures, especially in the case of multifocal lesions, unclear lesion edges, risk of keloids, surgical risk factors and localization in some areas such as the face and décolletage, as the cosmetic outcomes are generally excellent. " 10/01/2013 - "Surgical excision with core fillet flap in combination with adjuvant intralesional steroid injection has not been thoroughly explored for keloid treatment, in spite of its positive therapeutic and cosmetic outcome. "
10.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)IBA 01/01/2014 - "With 112 genes that were relevant to invasive growth, the authors utilized microarray analysis to study messenger RNA expression profiles in keloid fibroblasts treated with BoNT-A. " 05/01/2012 - "There have been considerably fewer studies in the expression of messenger RNA level in key cell cycle genes of the keloid fibroblast. " 02/01/2015 - "Finally, keloid fibroblasts underwent real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot to investigate the CTGF mRNA and protein expression after PDL irradiation. " 05/01/2014 - "Realtime polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expressions of Notch1-4 mRNA in keloid-derived mesenchymal-like stem cells. " 03/01/2014 - "The results of RT-PCR showed that the expression of CASK mRNA in the keloid group was 0.658 +/- 0.024, which was lower than that in the normal control group (1.076 +/- 0.008, t = 11.159, P < 0.05). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Cryosurgery 01/01/2006 - "The major advantages of the intralesional cryoprobe, including the marked efficacy of a single treatment, may have a major importance in the clinical application of cryosurgery in the treatment of keloids and of other lesions localized deep in the skin." 04/01/2015 - "Intralesional cryosurgery has been shown to bring about significant improvement in keloids. " 01/01/2014 - "Our data suggest that intralesional cryosurgery is an effective treatment for keloids." 05/01/2001 - "Surface cryosurgery is effective for smaller keloids, but not for larger ones. " 04/01/2015 - "Cryosurgery is a safe and effective treatment of keloids. "
2.	Lasers (Laser) 01/01/2014 - "Over the past 5 years, we established a treatment protocol combining laser with (32) P-patch contact brachyradiotherapy, which represents a safe and effective option in the treatment of keloids. " 10/01/2001 - "This laser may have clinical promise in the treatment of keloids. " 08/01/2014 - "This model is easily reproducible and allows the study of topical treatment and laser due to the accessibility of the keloid. " 03/01/2015 - "We conducted a retrospective study in the laser center of the Department of Dermatology (University Hospital of Nice, France), from January 2010 to June 2012, on patients with keloids who were resistant to a first-line of treatment. " 03/01/2015 - "Treatment of keloids with laser-assisted topical steroid delivery: a retrospective study of 23 cases."
3.	Radiotherapy 09/01/2007 - "Postoperative electron radiotherapy is well tolerated and very effective in preventing keloid recurrence. " 09/01/2014 - "The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and efficacy of high-dose, single-fraction electron beam radiotherapy for therapy-resistant keloids. " 11/01/2013 - "Postsurgical radiotherapy with 10 Gy of radiotherapy administered in two fractions over 2 days can be used successfully to treat earlobe keloids. " 05/01/2003 - "The authors' report shows that extralesional excision of keloid followed by early, single-fraction, postoperative radiotherapy is both simple and effective in preventing recurrence at excision sites." 05/01/1995 - "Eighty-eight years later there is no consensus among physicians who treat keloids that radiotherapy is safe, although it is generally accepted that radiotherapy is effective in reducing the recurrence of keloids following excision. "
4.	Solid-State Lasers 11/01/2013 - "A small sample size and the retrospective nature of the analysis are limitations to the study.<BR> The 300 microsecond 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser proved effective in improving the clinical appearance of keloids. " 12/01/2003 - "Effect of blended CO2 and erbium:YAG laser irradiation on normal and keloid fibroblasts: a serum-free study." 11/01/2013 - "We examined the use of the 300 microsecond 1064 nanometer (nm) Nd:YAG laser for the treatment keloids in patients with skin types ranging from Fitzpatrick I through VI. A retrospective analysis of treatment efficacy was conducted on 44 patients with keloids. " 11/01/2013 - "We report the successful use of the 300 microsecond 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser in treating keloids in patients with skin types ranging from Fitzpatrick I through VI with special attention in treating skin of color patients. " 11/01/2013 - "The use of the 300 microsecond 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of keloids."
5.	Dye Lasers 01/01/2004 - "Keloids have been treated with flashlamp pulsed dye lasers (PDLs) with good results. " 02/01/2001 - "To assess the efficacy of the 585 nm pulsed dye laser on the appearance of keloids. " 05/01/2015 - "Flash-lamp pulsed-dye laser treatment of keloids: results of an observational study." 01/01/2010 - "Molecular mechanism of pulsed-dye laser in treatment of keloids: an in vitro study." 02/01/2015 - "Cultured keloid fibroblasts were exposed to pulsed dye laser irradiation at fluences of 6, 8, and 10 J/cm(2) , with pulse durations of 1.5, 3, and 10 ms. "