Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption (Eczema Herpeticum)

A disseminated vesicular-pustular eruption caused by the herpes simplex virus (HERPESVIRUS HOMINIS), the VACCINIA VIRUS, or Varicella zoster (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN). It is usually superimposed on a preexisting, inactive or active, atopic dermatitis (DERMATITIS, ATOPIC).

Also Known As:

Networked: 117 relevant articles (2 outcomes, 6 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Infection
2.	Herpes Genitalis (Genital Herpes)
3.	Eczema
4.	Atopic Dermatitis (Atopic Eczema)
5.	Vaccinia

Experts

1.	Leung, Donald Y M: 10 articles (12/2015 - 02/2004)
2.	Beck, Lisa A: 6 articles (12/2015 - 09/2009)
3.	Beaty, Terri H: 4 articles (12/2015 - 09/2009)
4.	Barnes, Kathleen C: 4 articles (12/2015 - 09/2009)
5.	Rafaels, Nicholas M: 4 articles (12/2015 - 09/2009)
6.	Gao, Li: 4 articles (12/2015 - 09/2009)
7.	Hanifin, Jon M: 4 articles (12/2015 - 09/2009)
8.	Streib, Joanne E: 4 articles (10/2014 - 02/2004)
9.	Boguniewicz, Mark: 4 articles (03/2012 - 04/2006)
10.	Wollenberg, Andreas: 4 articles (12/2011 - 08/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption:

1.	Acyclovir (Aciclovir)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1995 - "Concentration and kinetic studies of intravenous acyclovir in serum and breast milk of a patient with eczema herpeticum." 08/29/1988 - "Clinical efficacy and safety of oral acyclovir for the treatment of eczema herpeticum were evaluated in 69 patients in a multicenter, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. " 12/01/2011 - "Delay of acyclovir initiation is associated with increased LOS in hospitalized children with eczema herpeticum. " 12/01/2011 - "To describe the epidemiology and outcomes of children hospitalized with eczema herpeticum and to determine the association with delayed acyclovir on outcomes. " 12/01/2011 - "Delayed acyclovir and outcomes of children hospitalized with eczema herpeticum."
2.	Biological Markers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 01/01/2011 - "We hoped to identify new biomarkers for improved diagnosis and prediction of eczema herpeticum and S. "
3.	pimecrolimus (Elidel)FDA Link 01/01/2006 - "Considering all 1098 infants treated with 1% pimecrolimus cream in DB trials and open-label studies, the ID rate of clinically diagnosed eczema herpeticum was 1.3 cases per 1000 patient-months of follow-up monitoring. " 01/01/2005 - "Eczema herpeticum during treatment of atopic dermatitis with 1% pimecrolimus cream." 09/01/2007 - "Although clinical trials do not indicate an increased risk of cutaneous infection, the clinician must be careful about viral infections such as eczema herpeticum or molluscum eczema that can be observed during treatment with pimecrolimus and tacrolimus. "
4.	Tacrolimus (Prograf)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2008 - "Kaposi's varicelliform eruption associated with the use of tacrolimus ointment in two neonates." 07/01/2005 - "Eczema herpeticum in a patient with atopicdermatitis treated with topical tacrolimus." 01/01/2000 - "Available data do not allow to link topical tacrolimus with an increased risk for eczema herpeticum, but they are insufficient to exclude an association. " 08/01/2007 - "Kaposi's varicelliform eruption is the most important problem in treating patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) with tacrolimus ointment. " 03/01/2004 - "Kaposi varicelliform eruption associated with 0.1% tacrolimus ointment treatment in atopic blepharitis."
5.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 03/01/2013 - "There is concern that the use of topical corticosteroids in patients with eczema herpeticum may facilitate dissemination of herpes simplex virus and worsen disease. " 02/15/1959 - "[Eczema vaccinatum; report on a case treated with specific immune globulin & corticosteroids]." 10/01/2013 - "Kaposi's varicelliform eruption (KVE) developed in the patient 1 week after initiation of systemic corticosteroids and immunotherapy. " 03/01/2013 - "Topical corticosteroids and hospital length of stay in children with eczema herpeticum." 03/01/2013 - "Further study is needed to identify which children with eczema herpeticum may benefit from topical corticosteroids, but their use during active infection is not associated with poorer outcomes, although the use of systemic corticosteroids was associated with a longer LOS and should be avoided in patients with eczema herpeticum pending future prospective study."
6.	Interleukin-18 (Interleukin 18)IBA 08/01/2007 - "The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between Kaposi's varicelliform eruption and genetic polymorphisms in the IL-18 gene. " 08/01/2007 - "The 15 AD patients without Kaposi's varicelliform eruption as well as 100 healthy volunteers did not have mutations of G-to-C at the IL-18 gene promoter region -137. " 08/01/2007 - "These results suggest that the onset of Kaposi's varicelliform eruption following the treatment with tacrolimus ointment is associated with the mutation of G-to-C in the IL-18 gene promoter region -137, and that caution is required when using tacrolimus ointment for treating AD patients with this mutation." 08/01/2007 - "Six AD patients with Kaposi's varicelliform eruption during the treatment with tacrolimus ointment showed significantly higher frequency in G-to-C mutations at the IL-18 gene promoter region -137 compared with 15 AD patients without Kaposi's varicelliform eruption. " 08/01/2007 - "Relationship between Kaposi's varicelliform eruption in Japanese patients with atopic dermatitis treated with tacrolimus ointment and genetic polymorphisms in the IL-18 gene promoter region."
7.	Chlortetracycline (Aureomycin)FDA Link 12/01/1951 - "Eczema vaccinatum: report of a case treated with aureomycin." 08/01/1951 - "Aureomycin in the treatment of Kaposi's varicelliform eruption." 08/01/1951 - "[Aureomycin therapy of a case of Kaposi's varicelliform eruption]." 01/01/1951 - "[Case of Kaposi's varicelliform eruption with rapid recovery by aureomycin therapy]." 11/01/1950 - "Kaposi's varicelliform eruption treated with aureomycin."
8.	Smallpox VaccineFDA Link 08/01/2007 - "Eczema vaccinatum: a reaction to the smallpox vaccine. " 01/01/2012 - "Patients, especially young children, with atopic dermatitis are at an increased risk of developing eczema vaccinatum, a severe reaction to the smallpox vaccine, either through direct vaccination or indirect contact with a person recently vaccinated. " 05/15/2008 - "A 28-month-old child with refractory atopic dermatitis developed eczema vaccinatum after exposure to his father, a member of the US military who had recently received smallpox vaccine. " 12/01/2007 - "Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) exposed to the vaccinia virus (VV) smallpox vaccine have an increased risk of developing eczema vaccinatum. " 09/01/2003 - "The most serious side effects of smallpox vaccine include progressive vaccinia, postvaccinial central nervous system disease, and eczema vaccinatum. "
9.	CAP18 lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (Bac4)IBA 04/01/2006 - "Cathelicidin deficiency predisposes to eczema herpeticum." 02/01/2004 - "Susceptibility of patients with AD to eczema vaccinatum may be due to a deficiency of cathelicidin." 09/01/2010 - "History of eczema herpeticum is associated with the inability to induce human β-defensin (HBD)-2, HBD-3 and cathelicidin in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis." 12/01/2011 - "Eczema herpeticum is a disseminated viral infection almost exclusively diagnosed in AD patients, which is based on unmasking of the viral entry receptor nectin-1, lack of cathelicidin production by keratinocytes, and depletion of Type I IFN-producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells from AD skin. " 08/01/2004 - "The lack of plasmacytoid dendritic cell recruitment, together with the missing upregulation of antiviral peptides such as cathelicidin LL37 in atopic dermatitis lesions, is considered relevant for an atopic dermatitis patient's susceptibility to eczema vaccinatum. "
10.	gamma-Globulins (gamma-Globulin)IBA 07/01/1960 - "Hyperimmune vaccinal gamma globulin in the treatment and prophylaxis of eczema vaccinatum. " 11/01/1957 - "Treatment of eczema herpeticum with gamma globulin." 09/01/1956 - "Treatment of eczema vaccinatum by specific gamma globulin." 02/01/1958 - "Treatment of eczema vaccinatum with vaccinia hyperimmune gamma globulin."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Photochemotherapy (Photodynamic Therapy) 04/01/1981 - "[Photodynamic therapy of eczema herpeticum]." 11/01/1977 - "[Photodynamic therapy of eczema herpeticum]." 07/01/1978 - "Kaposi's varicelliform eruption, caused by herpes simplex type 1, developed in a patient with mycosis fungoides four days after initiation of photochemotherapy with methoxsalen plus long-wave ultraviolet light (PUVA). "
2.	Transplants (Transplant) 04/01/2013 - "Eczema herpeticum with herpetic folliculitis after bone marrow transplant under prophylactic acyclovir: are patients with underlying dermatologic disorders at higher risk?"
3.	Bone Marrow Transplantation (Transplantation, Bone Marrow) 04/01/2013 - "We present an unreported coexistence: eczema herpeticum (EH) with histopathological findings of herpetic folliculitis (HF) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). "
4.	Length of Stay 03/01/2013 - "Our primary aim therefore was to determine whether topical corticosteroid use in children hospitalized with eczema herpeticum is associated with longer hospital length of stay (LOS). " 03/01/2013 - "Topical corticosteroids and hospital length of stay in children with eczema herpeticum."
5.	Lasers (Laser) 11/01/2004 - "This is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, of Kaposi's varicelliform eruption after laser resurfacing. " 11/01/2004 - "In this report we present an HIV-positive woman with a Kaposi's varicelliform eruption that started after skin resurfacing with a laser. " 11/01/2004 - "Kaposi's varicelliform eruption in an HIV-positive patient after laser resurfacing."