Kainic Acid (Kainate)

(2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.

Also Known As:

Networked: 3020 relevant articles (110 outcomes, 443 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Henshall, David C: 25 articles (11/2015 - 07/2002)
2.	Dudek, F Edward: 22 articles (01/2012 - 01/2002)
3.	Löscher, Wolfgang: 15 articles (08/2015 - 01/2002)
4.	Vezzani, Annamaria: 15 articles (10/2014 - 01/2002)
5.	Kang, Sang Soo: 14 articles (03/2014 - 02/2003)
6.	Choi, Wan Sung: 14 articles (03/2014 - 02/2003)
7.	Cho, Gyeong Jae: 14 articles (03/2014 - 02/2003)
8.	Henshall, D C: 14 articles (01/2013 - 01/2000)
9.	Sonnewald, Ursula: 12 articles (07/2015 - 01/2003)
10.	Engel, Jerome: 12 articles (01/2011 - 01/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Seizures (Seizure) 01/01/2013 - "Microbeam transections of the sensorimotor cortex dramatically reduced convulsive seizure duration in a further group of 12 rats receiving local infusion of kainic acid. " 05/30/2003 - "Our results demonstrate for the first time the marked protective effects of HSP27 overexpression in vivo, which significantly reduces kainate-induced seizure severity and mortality rate (>50%) in two independent lines and markedly reduces neuronal cell death in the CA3 region of hippocampus. " 02/01/2014 - "MK administration was also beneficial in rats with neural injury, especially after kainic acid-induced seizures. " 07/01/2013 - "To challenge this idea, TT mice were tested for susceptibility to kainate-induced seizures and neurodegeneration, and found to exhibit significantly greater responses to the convulsant agent than CC mice. " 05/01/2010 - "We report that rAAV-NPY serotype 1 vector has significantly improved anticonvulsant activity when compared with serotype 1/2 vector, as assessed by measuring EEG seizure activity in kainic acid treated rats. "
2.	Status Epilepticus (Complex Partial Status Epilepticus) 03/05/2001 - "Kindling prior to a kainic acid challenge also provided substantial protection against status epilepticus-induced damage in the CA3 region of the hippocampus and piriform cortex in most animals. " 02/01/1988 - "Because kainic acid has been suggested as a model for human status epilepticus, CL 218-872 may be a potentially therapeutic treatment for this disorder." 01/01/2012 - "FVB.CAG140 mice are also resistant to neurodegeneration following kainic acid-induced status epilepticus suggesting the existence of a common cellular mechanism that provides protection against multiple types of excitotoxic insult. " 01/01/2011 - "Using pharmacological tools and two transgenic mice deficient for Panx1 we show here that interference with Panx1 ameliorates the outcome and shortens the duration of kainic acid-induced status epilepticus. " 11/02/2015 - "In the present study, we examined the effects of endurance training on susceptibility to kainate (KA)-induced status epilepticus (SE), behavioral changes and neuronal damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). "
3.	Epilepsy (Aura) 01/01/2015 - "Kainic acid (KA) is well known as a chemical compound to study epileptic seizures and neuronal excitotoxicity. " 01/01/2014 - "Our previous study showed that mossy fiber sprouting can occur in the hippocampus region in rats 6 wk after kainic acid-induced epileptic seizure, and this mossy fiber sprouting can facilitate epileptogenesis. " 09/01/2013 - "This study investigates the (sub)cellular expression patterns of three important brain-associated Na(+) channel α subunits: NaV1.1, NaV1.2 and NaV1.6 during epileptogenesis (induced by kainic acid) using time points that cover the period from induction to the chronic phase of epilepsy. " 07/01/2013 - "In the present study, we investigated whether the expression and distribution of AQP4 was altered prior to (i.e., in the latent phase) or after the onset of chronic epileptic seizures (i.e., in the chronic phase) in the kainate (KA) model of MTLE. " 12/01/2012 - "Altered GABAA receptor density and unaltered blood-brain barrier transport in a kainate model of epilepsy: an in vivo study using 11C-flumazenil and PET."
4.	Temporal Lobe Epilepsy 03/01/2015 - "This study investigated the changes in the amino acid levels during chronic, single-sided ATN-stimulation in the hippocampi of rhesus monkeys with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy induced by kainic acid (KA). " 03/01/2015 - "In the present study, we used the same approach for the widely used intrahippocampal kainate mouse model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. " 08/01/2014 - "The results of the present study show that FSECs resemble not only feline kindling or the kainic acid model and El mouse, but also human familial or sporadic mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. " 01/01/2010 - "In this study, we have analyzed the shape of a specific electrophysiological pattern, referred to as "epileptic spike", encountered during the epileptogenesis process in an in vivo model of temporal lobe epilepsy (mouse, kainate). " 08/01/2009 - "The present study was to evaluate a possible anti-epileptic effect of Res against kainate-induced temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in rat. "
5.	Ischemia 01/01/2009 - "Our previous study showed that kainate (KA) receptor subunit GluR6 played an important role in ischemia-induced MLK3 and JNK activation and neuronal degeneration through the GluR6-PSD95-MLK3 signaling module. " 08/14/2000 - "In this study we investigated the effects of transient global ischemia and kainic acid (KA) neurotoxicity, in gerbil and rat brains, respectively, on PARP gene expression and protein cleavage. " 06/01/1997 - "The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ischemia on cerebral arteriolar responses to kainate in anesthetized piglets. " 10/01/2011 - "Our data clearly demonstrate the onset dependence of postconditioning elicited by a subconvulsant dose of kainate treatment in global ischemia, with restoration of the structural plasticity and hippocampal function." 09/01/2009 - "Our results confirm that postconditioning if used at right time and with optimal intensity is able to prevent delayed neuronal death initiated not only by ischemia but kainate intoxication, too. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

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2.	N-Methylaspartate (NMDA)
3.	Pilocarpine (Ocusert)
4.	Pentylenetetrazole (Metrazol)
5.	Picrotoxin
6.	topiramate (Topamax)
7.	Glutamic Acid (Glutamate)
8.	4-Aminopyridine (4 Aminopyridine)
9.	Bicuculline
10.	AMPA Receptors (AMPA Receptor)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Injections
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
3.	Intraventricular Infusions
4.	Intramuscular Injections
5.	Electroacupuncture