Jaundice

A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.

Also Known As:

Networked: 5932 relevant articles (237 outcomes, 283 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Pruritus (Itching)
2.	Obstructive Jaundice (Cholestatic Jaundice)
3.	Fever (Fevers)
4.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
5.	Carcinoma (Carcinomatosis)

Experts

1.	Poovorawan, Yong: 21 articles (03/2015 - 06/2003)
2.	Chongsrisawat, Voranush: 16 articles (12/2011 - 06/2003)
3.	Vejchapipat, Paisarn: 14 articles (07/2011 - 07/2004)
4.	Honsawek, Sittisak: 11 articles (12/2011 - 02/2005)
5.	Stevenson, David K: 10 articles (06/2014 - 10/2002)
6.	Wong, Ronald J: 8 articles (06/2014 - 10/2002)
7.	Chang, Mei-Hwei: 7 articles (05/2015 - 01/2005)
8.	Chen, Huey-Ling: 7 articles (05/2015 - 01/2005)
9.	McDonald, George B: 7 articles (02/2015 - 03/2002)
10.	Vreman, Hendrik J: 7 articles (06/2014 - 10/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Jaundice:

1.	BilirubinIBA 06/01/2013 - "Kasai operation was performed in 1044 (94%), leading to complete clearance of jaundice (total serum bilirubin ≤ 20 μmol/L) in 38% of patients. " 11/01/1999 - "Jaundice resolved completely (serum total bilirubin concentration: < or = 1 mg/dl) in 7 patients within 40 days. " 07/01/1988 - "An improved technique for bilirubin analysis, using high-performance liquid chromatography, has enabled us to study the occurrence and significance of four species of bilirubin (unconjugated, monoconjugated, diconjugated, and delta bilirubin) in 40 infants with jaundice of various etiologies. " 11/01/2007 - "A procedure was defined as successful if clearance of jaundice (plasma bilirubin level <20 micromol/l) was achieved within 6 months of surgery. " 01/01/2005 - "A significant reduction in jaundice was obtained in all but one patient, with a drop of total serum bilirubin level from a mean of 13.7 mg/dl to 4.3 mg/dl within the first 4 days. "
2.	Prednisolone (Predate)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2013 - "The adjuvant use of prednisolone significantly improved early post-operative liver biochemistry (especially at the higher dose), and increased the proportion of infants who cleared their jaundice at 6 months post-KPE." 11/07/2012 - "After six months he self-discontinued prednisolone for 3 wk, and was presented with jaundice again. " 04/01/2007 - "The regimen was as follows: prednisolone was given intravenously, starting with 3 to 5 mg/kg/day, and then gradually tapered with repetition until freedom from jaundice was achieved. " 02/01/2005 - "These results provide strong evidence that large-dose prednisolone therapy with stool color monitoring of bile flow has a positive impact on the time taken for patients with BA post-PE to become jaundice free and the number of patients who remain jaundice free." 02/01/2005 - "The number of patients who became jaundice free in the no prednisolone group (group 1, 7/12 or 58.3%) was not significantly different from the number in the single-course groups (group 2, 8/12 or 66.6%; group 3, 10/13 or 76.9%; and group 4, 11/15 or 73.3%). "
3.	Ursodeoxycholic Acid (Urso)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2012 - "Two trials reported the number of patients with jaundice and showed a significant effect of ursodeoxycholic acid versus placebo or no intervention in a fixed-effect meta-analysis (5/99 (5.1%) versus 15/99 (15.2%); RR 0.35, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.90, I² = 51%; 2 trials). " 12/01/2008 - "In 1 patient, jaundice recurred after ursodeoxycholic acid therapy was discontinued but abated after resumption of treatment. " 07/01/2001 - "The jaundice resolved very slowly after ursodeoxycholic acid therapy. " 01/01/1997 - "Obstructive icterus and even pulmonary infiltration responded successfully to treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid." 10/01/2004 - "Atrovastatin was not effective and immunosuppressive therapy for two months including ursodeoxycholic acid finally improved the jaundice and hypercholesterolemia. "
4.	Alkaline PhosphataseIBA 10/01/1966 - "[Clinical value of cytochemical study of alkaline phosphatase of the leukocytes in the differential diagnosis of jaundice]." 09/01/2014 - "The various presentations include chronic nonprogressive elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) (n = 15), a progressive increase in SAP with episodes of jaundice (n = 17), and persistent jaundice (n = 8). " 04/01/2010 - "When the supplements were ceased, his jaundice and alkaline phosphatase completely normalized. " 11/01/2007 - "History of jaundice, common bile duct dilation on ultrasound, microlithiasis, abnormal preoperative alkaline phosphatase levels and surgeon's experience were independent predictors of admission due to intraoperative causes. " 05/01/2006 - "Laboratory examinations demonstrated elevation of alkaline phosphatase without jaundice, leukocyte count of 14,300 and ultrasonography with ascaris within the gallbladder and intra- and extrahepatic ducts without evidence of dilatation. "
5.	SteroidsIBA 11/01/2013 - "There was a significant increase in % clearance of jaundice with the use of steroids [47/91 (52%) vs. 12/18 (67%) vs. 29/44 (66%); steroids vs. no steroids, p=0.037]. " 01/01/2010 - "Following treatment with steroids, her jaundice improved over a period of about 3 weeks. " 05/01/2014 - "After detailed investigation failed to reveal a cause of the jaundice, an empiric trial of steroids was initiated on the possibility that our patient had antibody-negative AIH and not DILI, with an associated grave prognosis. " 06/01/1968 - "[Clinical and histological study of 18 cases of jaundice associated with the use of contraceptive steroids]." 11/01/2008 - "A short course of steroids was initiated and eventually the jaundice resolved. "
6.	perfluoro- 2,2,2',2'- tetramethyl- 4,4'- bis(1,3- dioxolane)IBA 12/01/1996 - "PTBD decreased the jaundice and relieved the symptoms caused by biliary tract obstruction. " 02/01/1990 - "Immediate relief from symptoms and progressive resolution of jaundice was achieved by percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). " 09/01/2012 - "One-hundred twenty-eight consecutive PTBD procedures performed between 2000 and 2006 in patients with malignant biliary jaundice were analyzed retrospectively. " 12/01/2008 - "There was no significant difference in the early complications, successful biliary drainage, recurrent jaundice, and 30-day mortality between surgical palliation and PTBD. " 03/01/2008 - "About 10-30% of patients will have recurrent jaundice at some point in their disease after PTBD and require re-intervention."
7.	EnzymesIBA 04/01/2003 - "Laboratory success was defined as improvement in two of three liver enzymes by at least 50%, or resolution of jaundice. " 11/30/1965 - "[Studies on the behavior of serum enzymes in newborn infants with jaundice. " 08/01/2015 - "All three patients experienced anti-TB drug-induced hepatotoxicity manifesting as jaundice along with elevated transaminase enzymes from the first-line anti-TB drugs they received, leading to a change to second-line drugs in two of them. " 11/01/2014 - "Three female patients aged 33, 31, and 37 years were admitted to clinic with jaundice and serious elevated liver enzymes for a period of 2 years. " 04/01/2014 - "Rapidly increasing jaundice with relatively normal liver enzymes is a diagnostic hallmark of bilhemia. "
8.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 01/01/2007 - "Antibiotics were the commonest cause of jaundice (n=21). " 04/15/1998 - "Immediate treatment with antibiotics and infusions at the first signs (jaundice and uraemia) can save the animal's life. " 02/01/1992 - "Prophylactic antibiotics after the operation for jaundice due to malignancy should be chosen based on the results of bile culture. " 09/01/1988 - "Treatment with antibiotics resulted in resolution of the jaundice and potentially hepatotoxic drugs were used for the treatment of leukaemia with no problems. " 08/01/1980 - "In the other 130 patients forced diuresis and rational antiinflammatory therapy with antibiotics were used resulting in subsiding acute phenomena and liquidation of jaundice. "
9.	TransaminasesIBA 07/01/2015 - "We present a 34 year old male who enter the Digestive Department of the University Hospital Severo Ochoa in Madrid, Spain with jaundice with a great elevation of transaminases in relationship with an infectious syndrome that was correctly diagnosed and treated with a very good outcome. " 05/01/2015 - "Enrollment exclusion criteria included jaundice or elevations of serum transaminases (ESTs) > 2.5-fold the upper limit of normal (ULN). " 11/01/2012 - "Jaundice combined with high values of serum aminotransferases was present in virtually all cases with favourable outcome despite severe clinical course. " 04/01/2011 - "Five patients (17.8%) presented jaundice and none had transaminases raised but 15(56.3%) had raised alkaline phospahatases. " 01/01/2011 - "Transaminases were significantly increased in both cases, while icterus could be proven in one patient, only. "
10.	Bile Acids and Salts (Bile Acids)IBA 04/01/1990 - "Secondly, to confirm whether the alteration of these parameters were induced by jaundice and increased serum bile acids in the jaundiced rats, the effects of biliary drainage on the electrophysiological characteristics and gastric acid secretion, and the effects of bile acid (TCA) on TEPD, Isc, Rt were evaluated. " 04/01/1988 - "Thus PTCD is expected to reduce jaundice in cases with high percentages of biliary esterified bile acids before and shortly after PTCD." 05/01/1985 - "Serum bile acids and their conjugates were analysed in 20 breast-fed infants with prolonged jaundice. " 05/01/1985 - "Serum bile acids and their conjugates in breast-fed infants with prolonged jaundice." 01/01/1972 - "[Diagnostic value of determining bile acids in jaundice]."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Stents 06/01/2013 - "Successful placement of a metal biliary stent was achieved in all patients and improved jaundice. " 09/01/1999 - "Stent placement was successful in 19 patients, with significant improvement of jaundice in 18 patients. " 05/01/2015 - "The 1-week jaundice remission and 3-month stent patency rates were similar in both groups, but the 6-month stent patency rate was higher in the experimental group (P < .05). " 11/01/2011 - "There were no early or delayed complications and the procedure was effective in relieving jaundice until the self-expandable metal stent was removed, 3 months later. " 01/01/1985 - "Our experience indicates that these stents are as effective in relieving jaundice as, and less traumatic and easier to insert than, the larger varieties in common use."
2.	Phototherapy (Light Therapy) 03/01/1993 - "Infants who were ABO-incompatible and showed positive results to the direct antiglobulin test had the highest incidence of jaundice and underwent more tests and phototherapy. " 07/01/2015 - "Phototherapy with blue and green mixed-light is as effective against unconjugated jaundice as blue light and reduces oxidative stress in the Gunn rat model." 06/01/2007 - "An effective coordination between community-based perinatal services and hospital-linked home phototherapy in the form of an integrated network appears to be an essential condition for improved monitoring of newborns' health since it fosters a follow-up that is focused not only on jaundice but also on mothers' and newborns' needs while reducing the costs generated by newborn readmissions." 01/01/1976 - "Phototherapy is effective in preventing jaundice in the LBW infant. " 06/01/1986 - "Home phototherapy is an effective and safe alternative to prolonged hospitalization for the healthy, full-term newborn with jaundice. "
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/2010 - "After induction chemotherapy his jaundice resolved, the pancreatic mass reduced in size and he is now in a complete remission. " 04/01/2002 - "After remission-inducing chemotherapy, there was a complete regression of the jaundice, which had not recurred at the 12-month follow-up." 01/01/1989 - "Excellent control of symptoms, including jaundice, as well as long-term remission, can be obtained with chemotherapy alone. " 12/01/2014 - "Median overall survival after onset of jaundice was 1.5 months and it was similar between groups, but improved to 9.6 months in patients who were able to receive further chemotherapy. " 06/01/2003 - "In our patients with obstructive LM, endoscopic biliary drainage completely resolved jaundice in 86% and improved clinical symptoms and survival, thus enabling these patients to have additional chemotherapy."
4.	Liver Transplantation 12/01/1997 - "Our new approach to Kasai operations using CUSA as an integral aid to freeing the biliary remnants and facilitating enteric anastomosis is effective for persistent and complete disappearance of jaundice, without complicated reconstruction or reoperation, and decreases the need for liver transplantation." 09/01/2012 - "This study was conducted to reappraise the efficacy of redo-Kasai (or revision) in the era of liver transplantation as a treatment option in those patients with recurrent jaundice after initially successful Kasai procedure. " 07/01/2001 - "The infants then underwent followup prospectively and divided into 2 prognostic groups at 12 months postoperatively: those who had cleared their jaundice (graded as a good outcome [n = 19]), and those who required liver transplantation or who had failed to clear their jaundice (defined as > 50 micromol/L; graded as poor outcome [n = 9]). " 02/01/2014 - "Furthermore, the association of OCT-1 rs683369 and rs622342 with susceptibility to jaundice-type progression was confirmed by a replication study with a distinct set of PBC patients who underwent liver transplantation. " 12/01/2015 - "Seven became jaundice free following KP, with three patients subsequently requiring liver transplantation (LTx). "
5.	Cholecystectomy 05/01/2013 - "Skin and scleral icterus had cleared up and he is scheduled for an elective cholecystectomy. " 11/12/1983 - "[Spontaneous resolution of post-cholecystectomy retention icterus]." 03/01/2011 - "The most frequent sign was jaundice after cholecystectomy. " 01/01/2010 - "A 60-year-old male was admitted in this hospital with severe jaundice, who had open cholecystectomy done 2 months ago. " 03/01/2009 - "A 74-year-old female, who had a past history of cholecystectomy about 13 years ago, was admitted to our hospital with jaundice. "