Jaundice (Icterus)

A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.

Also Known As:

Networked: 8647 relevant articles (407 outcomes, 465 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Pruritus (Itching)
2.	Obstructive Jaundice (Cholestatic Jaundice)
3.	Fever (Fevers)
4.	Cholangitis
5.	Pain (Aches)

Experts

1.	Poovorawan, Yong: 26 articles (01/2022 - 06/2003)
2.	Chongsrisawat, Voranush: 20 articles (11/2020 - 06/2003)
3.	Vejchapipat, Paisarn: 18 articles (01/2022 - 07/2004)
4.	Honsawek, Sittisak: 16 articles (01/2022 - 02/2005)
5.	Davenport, Mark: 12 articles (01/2022 - 04/2004)
6.	Stevenson, David K: 12 articles (10/2018 - 10/2002)
7.	Sun, Hui: 10 articles (01/2022 - 03/2008)
8.	Wong, Ronald J: 10 articles (10/2018 - 10/2002)
9.	Christensen, Robert D: 9 articles (11/2020 - 05/2006)
10.	Fontana, Robert J: 8 articles (04/2022 - 08/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Jaundice:

1.	BilirubinIBA 06/01/2013 - "Kasai operation was performed in 1044 (94%), leading to complete clearance of jaundice (total serum bilirubin ≤ 20 μmol/L) in 38% of patients. " 11/01/1999 - "Jaundice resolved completely (serum total bilirubin concentration: < or = 1 mg/dl) in 7 patients within 40 days. " 07/01/1988 - "An improved technique for bilirubin analysis, using high-performance liquid chromatography, has enabled us to study the occurrence and significance of four species of bilirubin (unconjugated, monoconjugated, diconjugated, and delta bilirubin) in 40 infants with jaundice of various etiologies. " 02/01/2023 - "The follow-up time was mean 18.5 months in Group I and 24 months in Group II. The clearance of jaundice (total bilirubin <20 μmol/L) was significant different in Group I (78.6%) (44/56) versus that of Group II (74.3%) (33/45). " 01/01/2022 - "The degree of jaundice and epigastric discomfort was relieved in all three groups after surgery, while a significant reduction in the levels of total bilirubin and direct bilirubin was observed relative to the levels before surgery (P < 0.05). "
2.	SteroidsIBA 12/01/2017 - "The most recent meta-analysis (2016) identified a significant difference in clearance of jaundice at 6 months (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.03-2.45, P = 0.04), in patients treated with high-dose steroids, particularly if < 70 days at surgery. " 09/01/2023 - "Use of steroids after KPE was associated with clearance of jaundice, 68% vs. 36.8% in the BA cases that did not receive steroids (P = 0.013; odds ratio 2.5) and a significantly better SNL rate at 2 - and 10-year of 62.22% and 57.77% vs. 39.47% and 31.57%, respectively (P = 0.01). " 03/01/2016 - "Clearance of jaundice is related to the age at KPE in infants who receive high-dose steroids. " 11/01/2013 - "There was a significant increase in % clearance of jaundice with the use of steroids [47/91 (52%) vs. 12/18 (67%) vs. 29/44 (66%); steroids vs. no steroids, p=0.037]. " 09/01/2023 - "Steroids use post-KPE predicted clearance of jaundice and better short- and long-term SNL. "
3.	Transaminases (Aminotransferases)IBA 07/01/2015 - "We present a 34 year old male who enter the Digestive Department of the University Hospital Severo Ochoa in Madrid, Spain with jaundice with a great elevation of transaminases in relationship with an infectious syndrome that was correctly diagnosed and treated with a very good outcome. " 03/01/2013 - "Study patients more frequently had jaundice and elevated transaminase levels. " 10/26/2021 - "We offer a strategy for patients who present signs of severe liver injury with jaundice and high elevations in serum transaminases. " 10/27/2020 - "Preoperative elevation of transaminases and jaundice negatively influence surgical outcomes in patients undergoing LR. " 09/01/2020 - "Profound hypoglycaemia and jaundice with elevated serum transaminases are recognized features of AFLP. "
4.	Ursodeoxycholic Acid (Urso)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2019 - "Twenty-nine (52.7%) received ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA); of them, 13 cleared the jaundice, one improved, 14 progressed and one died, compared to 22 who cleared the jaundice of the 26 who did not receive UDCA. " 12/12/2012 - "Two trials reported the number of patients with jaundice and showed a significant effect of ursodeoxycholic acid versus placebo or no intervention in a fixed-effect meta-analysis (5/99 (5.1%) versus 15/99 (15.2%); RR 0.35, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.90, I² = 51%; 2 trials). " 01/01/2019 - "The jaundice also increased, hence, she was given ursodeoxycholic acid. " 01/01/1997 - "Obstructive icterus and even pulmonary infiltration responded successfully to treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid." 02/01/2013 - "As the jaundice symptoms were not improved by the oral administration of ursodeoxycholic acid (300 mg/day) that had been started immediately after admission, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed on hospital day 14. "
5.	EnzymesIBA 02/01/2021 - "The intravenous mPSL (250 mg/day) treatment was effective and the abnormal levels of liver enzymes and jaundice were improved. " 04/01/2003 - "Laboratory success was defined as improvement in two of three liver enzymes by at least 50%, or resolution of jaundice. " 10/01/1998 - "His jaundice and liver enzyme levels improved markedly on withdrawal of the drug, returning to almost normal in five weeks. " 05/01/1989 - "After the use of a fluorimetric method, the results were exposed, applying the statistical test, comparing different variables; the results are discussed and we conclude that NAG is an enzyme of easy detection and low cost to be included in the group of tests to study the biological pattern of jaundice." 10/01/1970 - "[Clinical significance of enzyme studies of erythrocytes in neonatal hemolytic jaundice]."
6.	Prednisolone (Predate)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2013 - "The adjuvant use of prednisolone significantly improved early post-operative liver biochemistry (especially at the higher dose), and increased the proportion of infants who cleared their jaundice at 6 months post-KPE." 11/07/2012 - "After six months he self-discontinued prednisolone for 3 wk, and was presented with jaundice again. " 04/01/2007 - "The regimen was as follows: prednisolone was given intravenously, starting with 3 to 5 mg/kg/day, and then gradually tapered with repetition until freedom from jaundice was achieved. " 02/01/2005 - "The number of patients who became jaundice free in the no prednisolone group (group 1, 7/12 or 58.3%) was not significantly different from the number in the single-course groups (group 2, 8/12 or 66.6%; group 3, 10/13 or 76.9%; and group 4, 11/15 or 73.3%). " 02/01/2005 - "Protocol efficacy was assessed by comparing the number of patients who became jaundice free, the period taken to become jaundice free, and the incidence of side effects related to prednisolone. "
7.	Alkaline PhosphataseIBA 01/01/2022 - "So this study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and pathological jaundice. " 10/01/1966 - "[Clinical value of cytochemical study of alkaline phosphatase of the leukocytes in the differential diagnosis of jaundice]." 01/01/2019 - "We present a case of a 59-year-old man with jaundice and acutely elevated alkaline phosphatase. " 12/01/2016 - "In patients with hepatobiliary causes of jaundice, the alkaline phosphatase is usually elevated. " 09/01/2014 - "The various presentations include chronic nonprogressive elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) (n = 15), a progressive increase in SAP with episodes of jaundice (n = 17), and persistent jaundice (n = 8). "
8.	perfluoro- 2,2,2',2'- tetramethyl- 4,4'- bis(1,3- dioxolane)IBA 03/01/2022 - "PTBD is a safe and effective method to relieve jaundice caused by advanced inoperable malignant disease. " 12/01/1996 - "PTBD decreased the jaundice and relieved the symptoms caused by biliary tract obstruction. " 02/01/1990 - "Immediate relief from symptoms and progressive resolution of jaundice was achieved by percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). " 05/01/2021 - "Preoperative EBD may be superior to PTBD in M0 GBC patients with jaundice, although further studies are needed." 05/01/2021 - "The 5-year survival and peritoneal recurrence rates in M0 patients with jaundice were 16% and 44%, respectively, for patients with PTBD and 39% (p < 0.05) and 13% (p = 0.07) for those with EBD. "
9.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 01/01/2021 - "Amongst late preterm's, twins had higher odds of jaundice (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.8-4.2) and antibiotic use (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.2). " 01/01/2017 - "Absolute risks of experiencing both symptom-defined (jaundice) and laboratory-confirmed liver injury within 1-45 and 46-90 days of antibiotic initiation were estimated. " 03/01/2007 - "Despite antibiotic treatment with initial improvement, jaundice and abdominal tenderness developed 6 days later. " 01/01/2007 - "8.1% patients with no biliary obstruction and jaundice had a drug-induced and predominantly antibiotic-related aetiology particularly affecting an elderly population. " 01/01/2007 - "Antibiotics were the commonest cause of jaundice (n=21). "
10.	yin zhi huangIBA 06/01/2022 - "Chinese databases (China Network Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang Database, and VIP Database) and English databases (PubMed, EmBase, and the Cochrane Library) were thoroughly investigated through screening randomized controlled trials on Yinzhihuang granules for neonatal pathologic jaundice from the establishment of all databases to November 18, 2021. " 06/01/2022 - "To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Yinzhihuang granules for the treatment of neonatal pathologic jaundice and to provide clinical evidence. " 08/01/2009 - "To observe the clinical efficacy of Yinzhihuang Oral Liquid (YOL) to prevent the premature infantile jaundice. " 08/01/2009 - "Clinical observation of Yinzhihuang Oral Liquid on prevention of the premature infantile jaundice." 06/01/2022 - "Therapeutic efficacy and safety of Yinzhihuang granules with phototherapy in neonatal pathologic jaundice: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Phototherapy (Light Therapy) 08/01/2016 - " and green LED irradiation affected with the newborn is currently considered the most effective treatment of the jaundice in the world.A jaundice phototherapy system with blue and green LED as light source utilizing fly eye lens array was built to achieve uniform illumination in the present study.AMC7150 chip was used to build the constant current drive module,and AT89C52 MCU and LCD12864 LCD screen were used to build the human-computer interaction module.Based" 11/01/2021 - "Effective treatment of jaundice requires therapeutic intervention with high quality phototherapy. " 01/01/2023 - "Compared with TSB, the recommended gold standard measure for jaundice, Biliscan has a sensitivity of 76.92% and specificity of 70.83% for jaundice requiring phototherapy. " 06/01/2016 - "Phototherapy has been used to treat newborns with jaundice for more than 50 years with the presumption that it is safe and effective for all infants. " 03/01/1993 - "Infants who were ABO-incompatible and showed positive results to the direct antiglobulin test had the highest incidence of jaundice and underwent more tests and phototherapy. "
2.	Therapeutics 04/01/2004 - "Until major advances in the systemic therapy of HCCa are made, however, the management should focus on optimal preoperative imaging and palliation of jaundice with improvement in quality of life." 09/01/1977 - "High titer anti-HBs prior to initial fraction therapy appeared protective against jaundice. " 11/01/1989 - "Although recommended treatments are thought to be safe and effective, the impact of jaundice and therapy on maternal attitudes and behavior is unknown. " 01/01/1995 - "Direct comparisons of surgery versus endoscopic therapy have shown that both are equally effective in the initial relief of jaundice (Table 6). " 03/01/2020 - "The two therapies both effectively alleviated jaundice and improved liver function in patients. "
3.	Stents 09/01/1999 - "Stent placement was successful in 19 patients, with significant improvement of jaundice in 18 patients. " 05/01/2015 - "The 1-week jaundice remission and 3-month stent patency rates were similar in both groups, but the 6-month stent patency rate was higher in the experimental group (P < .05). " 01/01/1985 - "Our experience indicates that these stents are as effective in relieving jaundice as, and less traumatic and easier to insert than, the larger varieties in common use." 08/01/1996 - "Percutaneous transhepatic implantation of expandable metallic stents is a reliable and safe therapy for malignant jaundice and has a definite positive impact on the patients quality of life." 12/01/2022 - "Jaundice improved after placement of a biliary stent."
4.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 04/01/2002 - "After remission-inducing chemotherapy, there was a complete regression of the jaundice, which had not recurred at the 12-month follow-up." 01/01/1989 - "Excellent control of symptoms, including jaundice, as well as long-term remission, can be obtained with chemotherapy alone. " 12/01/2014 - "Median overall survival after onset of jaundice was 1.5 months and it was similar between groups, but improved to 9.6 months in patients who were able to receive further chemotherapy. " 12/17/2022 - "After two cycles of chemotherapy, jaundice and liver function improved. " 06/01/2003 - "In our patients with obstructive LM, endoscopic biliary drainage completely resolved jaundice in 86% and improved clinical symptoms and survival, thus enabling these patients to have additional chemotherapy."
5.	Liver Transplantation 12/01/1997 - "Our new approach to Kasai operations using CUSA as an integral aid to freeing the biliary remnants and facilitating enteric anastomosis is effective for persistent and complete disappearance of jaundice, without complicated reconstruction or reoperation, and decreases the need for liver transplantation." 07/01/2001 - "The infants then underwent followup prospectively and divided into 2 prognostic groups at 12 months postoperatively: those who had cleared their jaundice (graded as a good outcome [n = 19]), and those who required liver transplantation or who had failed to clear their jaundice (defined as > 50 micromol/L; graded as poor outcome [n = 9]). " 07/01/2023 - "Prognostic value was assessed through subsequent clearance of jaundice (COJ) and need for liver transplantation (LT). " 02/01/2014 - "Furthermore, the association of OCT-1 rs683369 and rs622342 with susceptibility to jaundice-type progression was confirmed by a replication study with a distinct set of PBC patients who underwent liver transplantation. " 01/01/2023 - "Here, we report a case of CALFAN syndrome with infantile onset, recurrent jaundice/PALF requiring liver transplantation in early adulthood. "