Ionophores

Chemical agents that increase the permeability of biological or artificial lipid membranes to specific ions. Most ionophores are relatively small organic molecules that act as mobile carriers within membranes or coalesce to form ion permeable channels across membranes. Many are antibiotics, and many act as uncoupling agents by short-circuiting the proton gradient across mitochondrial membranes.

Networked: 141 relevant articles (4 outcomes, 9 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Volitakis, Irene: 2 articles (09/2015 - 01/2014)
2.	Lind, Stuart E: 2 articles (11/2009 - 01/2009)
3.	Ding, Wei-Qun: 2 articles (11/2009 - 01/2009)
4.	Doebler, J A: 2 articles (06/2000 - 04/2000)
5.	Baughn, Anthony D: 1 article (12/2015)
6.	Peterson, Nicholas D: 1 article (12/2015)
7.	Rosen, Brandon C: 1 article (12/2015)
8.	Dillon, Nicholas A: 1 article (12/2015)
9.	Zhang, Bo: 1 article (09/2015)
10.	Shoup, Timothy M: 1 article (09/2015)

Related Diseases

1.	Coccidiosis 05/01/2000 - "Although ionophores have been used widely in the beef industry for improved feed efficiency and control of coccidiosis, there has been limited use by the dairy industry. " 06/01/2014 - "Ionophores are used as feed additives for the control of coccidiosis and growth promotion in farm animals. " 01/01/2012 - "Veterinary anticoccidials, biochemically known as ionophores, are widely used in poultry feed at therapeutic levels to treat Coccidiosis and at sub-therapeutic levels for growth- promotion. " 09/01/1992 - "The ionophores (polyether compounds) have been the predominant means of chemical control of coccidiosis in the past 15 years because of the slow development of resistant strains to them relative to other anticoccidial drugs. " 01/01/1987 - "[Effect of coccidiostatic ionophores on the course of experimental coccidiosis in broiler chickens]."
2.	Infection 02/01/2009 - "Polyether ionophores show a high degree of promise for the potential control of drug-resistant bacterial and parasitic infections. " 09/01/1983 - "These data suggest that certain ionophores could alter bacterial colonization and infection in the host indirectly by altering bacterial binding; however, the clinical significance of these findings remains to be determined." 06/01/1999 - "Postweaning factors such as moving of the animals after weaning, cleaning of soiled bedding, and use of antibiotics and ionophores as preventive measures were significantly associated with the decreased risk of an infection with C. " 08/01/2007 - "Monensin and lasalocid are polyether ionophores commonly used in the beef and poultry industries for the prevention of coccidial infections and promotion of growth. " 02/01/1988 - "The effect of weak bases (NH4Cl and amantadine) and carboxylic ionophores (monensin) on the infection of CD4 (T4) positive human cell lines by HIV-1 is examined. "
3.	Weight Loss (Weight Reduction) 04/01/1987 - "The cultures of Eimeria were partly resistant to ionophores: birds medicated with monensin at 100-121 ppm had only modest reductions in lesion scores and incomplete protection against weight loss or mortality. "
4.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 12/01/2012 - "Increasing evidence shows that the anticancer activity of polyether ionophores may be a consequence of the induction of apoptosis leading to apoptotic cell death, arresting cell cycle progression, induction of the cell oxidative stress, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, reversion of MDR, synergistic anticancer effect with other anticancer drugs, etc. Continued investigation of the mechanisms of action and development of new polyether ionophores and their derivatives may provide more effective therapeutic drugs for cancer treatments." 12/01/2012 - "Most of polyether ionophores have shown potent activity against the proliferation of various cancer cells, including those that display multidrug resistance (MDR) and cancer stem cells (CSC). " 12/01/2012 - "Polyether ionophores-promising bioactive molecules for cancer therapy." 01/01/2007 - "The CTL response generated in DC+tumor cultures was directed towards the tumor, but not towards NM, and it was characterized by refractoriness to polyclonal (Ca ionophores, PKC activators) stimuli. " 04/27/2011 - "Copper binding agents acting as copper ionophores lead to caspase inhibition and paraptotic cell death in human cancer cells."
5.	Adenocarcinoma 10/01/1987 - "These studies demonstrate that both adenovirus and carboxylic ionophores are potentiators of immunotoxins directed against the CEA, producing cytotoxicity equivalent to that of ricin but specific for CEA-positive adenocarcinoma cells in culture." 02/01/1994 - "Calcium ionophores and thapsigargin trigger NO synthase activity in macrophages primed in vivo by TDM, in thioglycollate-elicited macrophages primed in vitro by IFN-gamma, and in IFN-gamma-treated EMT6 adenocarcinoma cells. " 10/01/1987 - "The effects of the UV radiation-inactivated human adenovirus and the carboxylic ionophores monensin and nigericin were examined on immunotoxin cytotoxicity to the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line LoVo. " 06/01/1993 - "T84 adenocarcinoma cells were stimulated to secrete mucin by the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and Ca2+ ionophores A23187 and ionomycin. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Monensin (Coban)
2.	Lasalocid
3.	Clioquinol (Vioform)
4.	Calcium
5.	Nigericin
6.	Phorbol Esters
7.	Protein Kinase C
8.	Zinc
9.	Valinomycin
10.	Ricin

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Lenses
2.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation)
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)